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Aerosol particles morphology
Odehnalová Šamanová, Jaroslava ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis focuses on airborne Particulate Matter (PM), the floating dust that surrounds human beings every day, its composition, morphology, size and concentrations in the air. The first, introductory part of the thesis, describes the basic concepts, properties and health risks associated with aerosol particles, and relevant legislation. The second, experimental part of the thesis, describes the instruments used, followed by the results of emission sampling and immission sampling, and a comparison of measured concentrations in three selected locations: in a village, in a city, and in a family house. The third part, the analysis, investigates freely available air pollution immission monitoring data, including long-term data, data from occasional events such as New Year’s fireworks, or sporadic occurrences such as a forest fire in České Švýcarsko national park. The conclusion summarises the achieved results, and the appendix consists of a catalouge of dust particles, in which all emission samplings carried out within the experimental part of the thesis are listed.
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The influence of urban greenery on the quality of the environment
Prokš, Dominik ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of the impact of urban green space on the quality of the environment. As the first topic the concept of urbanization appears and closely related to this is what the city as such represents for society. Furthermore, much attention is already paid to urban green spaces and their functions and effects on the urban environment. Public greenery has an impact on air and climate functions, as well as on rainwater management, preventing the spread of noise, trapping dust and, finally, greenery has a positive effect on the psyche of the inhabitants. Furthermore, the maintenance and care of plants and grassland is addressed. In the practical part, is discussed the concept of management and form of public urban greenery in the territory of the Statutory City of Brno, where, among other things, are described the assigned individual managers of urban greenery in the territory of the city and their duties and problems associated with maintenance. The function of the geological and informative system called GIS is also presented, which is an application for the administrators and the public for a clear orientation in the city and its environment. The last chapter is devoted to the measurement of pollutant concentrations in Brno's air.
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Studium složení emitovaných pevných částic z domácího spalování
Lesná, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the analysis of the chemical composition of different biomass samples. Biomass samples underwent combustion in a fireplace stove, simulating combustion in domestic fireplaces. Firstly, biofuels are defined and the difference in chemical composition between wood and herbal fuels, which this thesis focuses on, is being discussed. In the following chapters, the combustion process and various types of emissions being released from the combustion of solid fuels are presented. Attention is paid to legislation and methods of measuring aerosols, then the focus is drawn to methods of their chemical analysis. The last chapters of the theoretical part focus on the health and environmental risks of solid particles that go hand in hand with being exposed to those particles. In the experimental part, the processes of sampling filters with particles, microwave decomposition of the samples. Furthermore, the thesis describes the analysis of the chemical composition of the input fuel, emitted particles and ash, in which metals were determined by the method of absorption atomic spectrometry. The concentration of solid particles on the filter is calculated here. In the discussion, individual fuels are compared according to the content of each metal.
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Vyhodnocení emisí amoniaku z chovu drůbeže ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
HES, Adam
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the assessment of ammonia emissions from agricultural operations and their potential impact on the environment and human health. The aim of the work is to analyze the factors affecting ammonia emissions and propose possible measures to reduce them. To achieve this goal, measurements of ammonia emissions were carried out using specialized sensors located in different places of the farm. At the same time, information was collected on the procedures and technologies used in animal husbandry and fertilizer storage. The analyzes carried out showed that the main sources of ammonia emissions in the analyzed agricultural company MTD Ústrašice are the breeding of farm animals and the application of fertilizers to the fields. We identified factors such as the type and size of animal husbandry, storage methods, and fertilizer application techniques that affect ammonia emission rates. Based on our findings, we propose the implementation of measures aimed at reducing ammonia emissions, such as optimizing fertilizer storage technologies, modifying procedures and using alternative animal husbandry methods. These measures should contribute to the protection of the environment and human health in the given agricultural enterprise.
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Statistical Analysis of Air Pollution by Selected Pollutants
Pernicová, Veronika ; Durnová, Markéta (referee) ; Balgová, Zuzana (advisor)
This thesis analyses an occurrence of detected pollutant concentrations of nitrogen oxides, dust particles of the size od 10 and 2,5 m and ground ozone in years 2015-2019 in seven chosen locations in Brno agglomeration. In the introduction, the thesis describes basic terms, the issues of air pollution and relevant legislation. Individual pollutants are defined and also their effect on environment and human health. After that, the locations of Brno, for which the analysis is made, is specified. The dynamics of development of individual pollutants is shown through a statistical analysis of individual time lines. The analysis also focuses on the difference in the level of pollution during weekdays, holidays, seasons or rush hour. The quantities are also viewed from the point of view of the relevant air pollution limits and the influence of climatic factors, which significantly affect their concentrations.
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Adaptive Model for Simulation of Atmospheric Pollution
Pazúriková, Jana ; Šátek, Václav (referee) ; Dvořák, Radim (advisor)
Air pollution harms the environment and human welfare. Computer models and their simulation are useful tools for deeper understanding of processes behind as they quite accurately represent the dispersion and transformation of pollutants with advection diffusion equation or by other concepts. Current models give valid results only to constrained cases of initial conditions. The general model combining the several specific models which is able to change according to input parametres and improve with training is proposed. The adaptiveness of the system is provided by decision tree as data structure with information for selection and combination process and genetic algorithm as optimization method for adjusting the tree. The evaluation of implemented system proves that the combination of models gives better results than models themselves. Even with simple specific models, the system has achieved results comparable to state-of-art models of air pollution.
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Methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides
Šimeček, Radek ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis deals with methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides during industrial combustion. In the chapter relating to legislation are summed up the limits for stationary sources of pollution valid in the Czech Republic, further are stated the legislative tools for reducing and monitoring emissions. The next part contains an overview of primary and secondary methods for reducing NOx emissions, including pros and cons of the methods. Finally, a simulation in software ChemCAD is carried out, demonstrating the influence of combustion air temperature and flue gas recirculation on parameters of combustion.
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Shale gas extraction
Podhorský, Jakub ; Brázdil, Marian (referee) ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis on Shale gas extraction describes extraction and world shale gas resources. At the beginning it provides introduction to the terms of geology and overview of historical evolution of extraction and crucial technologies that are currently used in extraction. Shale gas exploration and extraction development is briefly mentioned. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing is then further described and also summary of the equipment is provided. Potential environmental risks associated with extraction or hydraulic fracturing itself are described. Subsequently world shale gas resources and potential extraction places are described. World technically recoverable resources are estimated at 7245 Tcf. Shale gas commercial production is currently underway in the United States, Canada and China.
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Measurement of of atmospheric pollution
Dohnal, Jan ; Zimáková, Jana (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with methods of measuring air pollution for gaseous substances. It contains a theoretical analysis of various types of pollution. Classification of pollution sources according to several criteria. It focuses on the creation, harm, use of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide associated therewith. Analysis of various methods of detection for both gases.
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Dispersion studies for logistic problems
Dvořáček, Jan ; Šomplák, Radovan (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis deals with the application of dispersion modelling of emissions from stationary sources of pollution as a potential tool which can be used for data preparation in reverse logistic models. In this case, the stationary source is represented by a waste-to-energy plant. The thesis consists of two main parts -- theoretical and computational. Firstly, emission sources and pollutants originating in thermal waste treatment are discussed. In the second chapter, legislation linked to the problem of air pollution is listed and the topics of current air quality in the Czech Republic and dispersion studies are outlined. Closing section of the theoretical part provides information about the principals of dispersion calculations and classification of dispersion models is given. In the computational part, the used dispersion software SYMOS'97 is introduced and the series of conducted calculations is presented. The calculations investigated the influence of plant capacity, dispersion conditions and terrain on the results. The input data of plant capacity and wind rose were indicated as key parameters in the calculation. The final evaluation revealed a good potential of the used dispersion model as a support tool in reverse logistic models.
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