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Czechoslovak Diplomacy and Israel in 1948-1967
Krausová, Noemi ; Putík, Daniel (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
Noemi Krausová Bachelor thesis Czechoslovak Diplomacy and Israel in 1948 - 1967 2015 Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of Czechoslovak-Israeli diplomatic relations from 1948 until 1967. Czechoslovakia supported the Jewish community in Palestine in the first years after the Second World War and was promoting the idea of a Jewish state. The friendly attitude on the part of Czechoslovakia was not altered after the communist coup in 1948. Czechoslovakia became the only state to support Israel, by supplying arms, during the War of Independence of 1948/49. Since 1950, however, the Czechoslovak attitude towards Israel began to change under the Soviet influence which was clearly dominant in the internal as well as external policies of the communist regime in Prague. The relations with Israel gradually deteriorated after 1950 as Zionism was declared as an enemy by the communist power. The anti-Zionism of the regime became most pronounced during the political trial against the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Rudolf Slánský, as well as against other - mostly Jewish - party officials in 1952. The Israeli side was surprised by this fast turn in the Czechoslovak approach. This new policy of hostility culminated in 1967 when the diplomatic relations were suspended...
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From Zionism to Anti-Zionism: The Transformation of Relationship between Czechoslovakia and Israel in the Pages of Rudé právo (1947-1953)
Eder, Ivana ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
The diploma thesis From Zionism to Anti-Zionism: The Transformation of Relationship between Czechoslovakia and Israel in the Pages of Rudé právo (1947-1953) deals with the period in which the relationship between Israel and Czechoslovakia had transformed. Firstly, our focus is on the material and diplomatic support that Czechoslovakia provided to the emerging State of Israel. It then discusses the events that disrupted relations between the two states and led to mutual alienation. Finally, it describes a period when the countries came into open hostility. Czechoslovakia took a very negative attitude towards Zionism. The work outlines two views of these events from 1947 to 1953. The first represents the view of historians based on facts and period documents, by contrast, the second view describes how the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia interpreted world events through its newspaper Rudé právo. At that time it was the most widely read periodical having a circulation of more than one million. Its main task was to spread propaganda, isolate citizens from "uncomfortable" information, and direct the population in the desired direction - toward the Soviet Union. All in all the output of this diploma thesis is a thorough qualitative analysis of relevant articles from Rudé právo and their subsequent...
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Buber's Curtural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study
Venclová, Marie ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
99 Summary Buberův kulturní sionismus a Masarykův humanismus - komparativní studie Buber's Cultural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study Marie Venclová This thesis deals with various aspects of understanding the term nation, its roots and dimensions in the works of Martin Buber and Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. The comparative study is based on analysis of Buber's Three Addresses on Judaism and Masaryk's Problem of a Small Nation. In these texts the philosophers present their attitudes and ideas about the meaning, origin and content of the existence of a nation. The results of the comparison show, that their points of view are similar in more than a few aspects and what most importantly bonds their ideas is the moral, spiritual and cultural understanding of the meaning of a nation. Furthermore, they both stress the responsibility of each and every individual part of the society for implementing such ideas into practice. Buber's cultural Zionism as well as Masaryk's humanism are also concepts based on critical self-reflection and need of education, which serves to broaden horizons and identify positive values in one's own nation. Motivation for this thesis resided in unique legal position of the Jewish minority in Czechoslovakia after the First World War. Based on the results of the comparison we...
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Religious Political Parties in Israel
Nejedlá, Iveta ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Thesis is focused on Israeli religious political parties and the question of their increasing influence. Furthermore, it is focused also on potential increase of the Israeli state's religiosity. Religious parties are classified according to three determining factors. These are: (i) attitude towards Zionism, (ii) number of Sephardi Jews in the party, i.e. whether it is an Ashkenazi or a Sephardi party, and (iii) position towards Arabs (Palestinians). The initial part of the Thesis describes historical evolution which led to the establishment of Israel as a state. Primarily to introduce the situation, and the moods, that was preceding the state's establishment, but also to provide better understanding of relations between the Jews and the Arabs. The level of Israel's religiosity is analyzed based on influence of the key religious institutions on the state affairs. Besides the Ministry of Religious Services these are mainly the Rabbinical Courts, the Chief Rabbinate of Israel and local religious councils. To better assess the religious nature of the state the Thesis moreover analyzes and describes the status quo as regards the relationship of the state and the religion.
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The Image of Eastern Jew in 20th Century Czech Jewish Journals (till 1938)
Fottová, Magdalena ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the image of an Eastern Jew in Czech-Jewish and Zionist journals from 1910 to 1925 and its position in the identity of these groups. The analysis is based on fictional texts (both translations and originally Czech ones) with Eastern Jewish characters, which (considering their placement in official journals of the Czech-Jewish and Zionist institutions) presented a fictional world acceptable for the movement's ideology and co-created the image of Eastern Jew in their followers' collective memory. A description of the most frequent features of Eastern Jewish characters is supplemented by historical context and the journals' non-literary articles. Key words Eastern Jew, 1st World War, Jewish identity, assimilation, Zionism, Jewish journals, stereotypes, characters.
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Path of Czechoslovakia from Support of Zionism to Anti-Zionist Position (1947-1957)
Habermann, Tomáš ; Charvátová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Galandauer, Jan (referee) ; Pejčoch, Ivo (referee)
The theme of this thesis is attitude of the Communist Party and Czechoslovak totalitarian regime to Zionism in 1947-1957. The main aim of the archive research was to map gradual change of the communist regime from its position of the supporter of Zionism to that one of convinced anti-Zionism (nearly to anti-Semitism). Support of Zionism was primarily presented by help to the nascent state of Israel in 1947-1949. The evidence is given by the role of Czechoslovakia at meetings of the United Nations General Assembly in 1947 and its role as a member of United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. Furthermore, supplies of military equipment to Israel, diplomatic support, demographic support and training of Jewish brigade in Czechoslovak territory in 1948. Gradual change to anti-Zionist position at the end of 1940s and beginning of 1950s is illustrated with complicated negotiations on economic cooperation and with interfering of the regime in running of Jewish religious communities and Zionist organisations. During the first half of 1950s the support turned into downright opposition and lead in a diplomatic quarrel caused by the Slánský trial which had definitely anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist dimension. Utterly anti-Zionist position of the regime is also supported with further politically motivated trials -...
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Mýtus hebrejského moře: jeden s aspektů sionismu Zeeva Žabotinského
Coman, Adam ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Wein, Martin (referee)
The following dissertation studies the idea and mythologization of the "Hebrew Sea" in the writings and political activity of Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky. Jabotinsky (1880-1940), the leader of the Zionist Revisionist movement, developed the concept of the "Hebrew Sea" as an ideal that was used in various fields of his Zionist activity. Within inter-Zionist politics it was utilized as a means of competing with the dominant ideological faction, labor Zionism, over contribution to the national revival and Zionist youth, and its greatest achievement was the establishment of the Civitavecchia Naval Academy in Italy. On the international-diplomatic level the "Hebrew Sea" was used in order to advance closer political relations between Revisionism and Italy - an endeavor Jabotinsky was interested in from an early stage of his Zionist career. The "Hebrew Sea" also played an important role in the development of Jabotinsky's unique ideal of national identity, which sought to depict the Jewish people as a Mediterranean, and not a desert or Middle Eastern people. This vision drew from contemporary theories about Hebrew identity, which associated the Hebrews with the Phoenician empire and not necessarily with Jewish monotheism. Finally, economically this ideal supported the socioeconomic vision of Revisionism,...
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Nationalist Thoughts in Liberal Associations: the Maccabi Hatzair Jewish Association and the Czechoslovak Junák Association
Heyzl, Martin ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
The diploma thesis Nationalist Thoughts in Liberal Associations: the Maccabi Hatzair Jewish Association and the Czechoslovak Junák Association deals with two liberally defined associations in the period of interwar Czechoslovakia. On the basis of selected interviews with witnesses, it examines the manifestations of nationalist (including Zionist) ideology in a liberal surroundings. Each association is represented by three narrators, who were selected with regard to age, gender balance and geographical aspect. The thesis consists of three chapters, first is described the sociable situation in the second half of the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century, both the Czech and Jewish population. In the next part of the thesis are used oral historical methods of research, analysis and interpretation of interviews. The analytical part serves to find an answer to the research question of how nationalism or Zionism was manifesting itself in liberal associations.
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Czech - Jewish Movement and the Reaction of cthe Czech Society 1918 - 1938
Iblová, Kristýna ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Biernot, David (referee)
This thesis inquires into the assimilation faction of the Jewish minority on the Bohemian territory at the end of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century which was represented by the Czech-Jewish movement. It presents the origins of the movement with a special focus on the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It examines the development of its identity which was formed by contemporary social-political events. The study presents the movement's attitudes towards Czech majority and towards the Czechoslovak state. It also describes its struggle with Anti-semitism and Zionism which were undermining the efforts of the assimilation into the major society. The thesis introduces Jindřich Kohn - the leading figure of this movement during the interwar period - and researches his attitude to assimilation and his reflection on antisemitism and Zionist movement. The references can be found at the end of the thesis. Major part of the thesis was based on thorough work with the resource materials, more specifically monographs of the representatives of Czech-Jewish movement from that period and the then magazines. The main resources were historical studies by associate professor Blanka Soukupová who was researching the Czech-Jewish movement. The aim of the study is to introduce the development of...
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