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Princip subsidiarity EU: vývoj a dopady
Tejkal, Tomáš
The bachelor's thesis focuses on important aspects related to the observance of the subsidiarity principle to determine whether the principle is adequately respected in the Union structures. According to the principle, exercising powers between the Union and the member states should be regulated effectively. However, the principle also contains other elements that contribute to its ambiguous interpretation. The study emphasizes the interpretation of the principle itself but also examines the role of national parliaments that can participate in the subsidiarity control mechanism. Different perceptions of the principle prevail both among the EU institutions and national parliaments. An important player is primarily the European Commission, which looks at the principle of subsidiarity in its narrower form, despite the lack of clearly defined criteria. This is also reflected in the function of the Subsidiarity control mechanism, which in its current form has a rather marginal influence on the legislative creation. In addition, its use has been decreasing for a long time and no significant reforms are taking place. Even the legal anchoring of the principles coexists with the political framework, which further deepens the problematic nature of the principle. This may be why the European Court of Justice is reluctant to challenge the Union's legislators. Moreover, compliance with the principle of subsidiarity does not seem to be the main subject of the Commission's regulatory instruments, which in this regard are rather applied towards better political decision-making. The reasons probably lie in the still vaguely established procedures relating to the operation of the principle of subsidiarity since the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon. The above arguments thus indicate that the principle of subsidiarity in the Union is being violated. It does not seem that there is a more effective distribution of powers, which also requires the proper legitimacy of lower units.
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Zhodnocení dopadů Lisabonské smlouvy na fungování Evropského parlamentu
Drewniaková, Aneta
The thesis examines selected changes of the Lisbon Treaty and their impact on the European Parliament. The context in the history of the European Union, the establishment and development of the European Parliament is mentioned, as well as the circumstances of the creation of the Treaty of Lisbon and the changes which has been introduced. Particularly, these are institutional changes, new authority or areas of competence. Subsequently, the use of individual instruments by the European Parliament is analysed and evaluated.
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The development of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy and its manifestation in civilian missions
Valeš, Jan ; Antal, Jarolím (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
The present theses analyses external actions of the EU institutions tasked to implement the CSDP. The text attempts to establish to what extent the CSDP has been practically implemented in the period following the Treaty of Lisbon's coming into effect. To accomplish the task I have chosen to analyze two cases of the EU's involvement in African countries, namely in Libya and Niger. The development of the EU's external action was long and uneasy. The unification of EU's external actions and goals was putted forward by the Treaty of Lisbon. The CSDP is based on consensual negotiations between the governments of individual member states with often differing interests in the international realm. Towards the conclusion, the text demonstrates that the institutions created by the Lisbon Treaty fulfill their role in implementing the prescribed course of external action by the means of various instruments including issuing statements, convening international forums, and cooperating with regional partners. In conclusion, it can be said that in the attempts to assist in solving various issues in African countries and elsewhere the EU clearly demonstrates its intention to stabilize the socio-political situation in individual regions hence deliver on the aim of a peaceful and safe neighborhood.
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Comparison of acceptance and ratification of Lisabon treaty in Czech republic and in Slovakia
Müller, Joseph ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The main goal of my work is to determine which factors were the most important in process of ratification of Treaty of Lisbon in Czech Republic and in Slovakia. The lenght and the complexity of ratification were quite different in both countries. My work is based on concept saying that foreign policy of Czech Republic and Slovakia was given by domestic and foreign policy factors.1 In Slovakia it was mainly the determination to change suverenistic foreign policy of former prime ministr Vladimír Mečiar. On the other hand in Czech Republic politics were convinced that Czech Republic belongs to Europe and so they can dare to criticize EU's decisions. After analysis of stances of all important political parties in both countries, I can conclude, that concept I am using, is applicable also to the process of ratification, and therefore it was also the main reasons of different lenght and complexity of ratification. 1 Petr Drulák, Michal Kořan a Jan Růžička, "Außenpolitik in Ostmitteleuropa", Osteuropa 58 (červenec 2008): 139-152.
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Revision of Constitutional and Legal Acts with regard to Adoption of the Lisbon Treaty in Germany: Study
Syllová, Jindřiška
V r. 2008 bylo připraveno spolu s Lisabonskou smlouvou několik dokumentů, které měly doprovázet Lisabonskou smlouvu při jednání ve Spolkovém sněmu. Kromě Zákona k Lisabonské smlouvě, který odpovídá duálnímu vztahu mezinárodního a vnitrostátního práva v Německu, a který má zmocňovací a transformační funkci pro znění smlouvy ve vztahu k německému právnímu řádu, byly připraveny: Zákon pozměňující Základní zákon, který má vstoupí v účinnost spolu s Lisabonskou smlouvou a Zákon provázející Lisabonskou smlouvu (tzv. Begleitgesetz). Tento zákon nakonec nebyl schválen, protože podle judikatury Spolkového ústavního soudu by měl prováděcí zákon vstoupit v platnost až po vstupu v účinnost zákona, který je jím prováděn. Zákon pozměňující základní zákon se týká jen tří záležitostí. Nový odstavec čl. 23 upravuje žalobu k ESD. Obě komory mají právo samostatně podat žalobu kvůli porušení subsidiarity a proporcionality, Spolkový sněm je povinen podat žalobu dokonce na návrh jen ¼ všech svých členů. Dále odstavec upravil možnost připuštění hlasování ve Spolkovém sněmu odlišnými většinami od většin běžných stanovených v Základním zákoně. To znamená, že v případech aplikace práv komor parlamentu ze smlouvy EU může zákon stanovit, že komory budou o těchto záležitostech rozhodovat jinými většinami, než obecně stanoví Základní zákon. Dále byla přidána práva výboru pro záležitosti EU Spolkového sněmu – zákon může výbor zmocnit, aby vykonával práva, která jsou dána Spolkovému sněmu smluvním základem EU. (Dále bylo změněno jedno ústavní ustanovení, které se netýká práva EU.)
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Institutions of the EU - development, transformation, difficulty
Pavlík, Jaroslav ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Tunkrová, Věra (referee)
This diploma thesis seeks to summarize the institutional development taken by the European Union so far (with a particular view to the changes brought about by the Treaty of Lisbon), and, based on this, to provide an assessment of the direction into which the European Union is headed at the beginning of this decade. Within this context, my thesis attempts to outline the various alternative scenarios for the future development of the EU's institutional framework; the likely candidates, to put it simply, are, on the one hand, even deeper integration in the form of a fiscal and political union, or, conversely, the abandonment of the idea of closer cooperation. Since the beginnings of the 1950s, the European Communities and, later, the European Union have been developing towards ever-increasing integration. Even today, one observes obvious tendencies towards intensifying this integration. However, this does not allow for the unambiguous conclusion that the European Union must result in the creation of a fiscal and political union. It is perfectly conceivable that the elected political representatives of individual member states may assume the opposite view, and that tendencies will prevail within the European Union towards a more informal collaboration among separate countries. The present work also attempts a comparison of the views held by politicians, political scientists, analysts, and intellectuals. One finds that even these authors do not arrive at clear-cut conclusions, nor should one expect them to be able to make such conclusions. This thesis draws attention to a number of contradictory aspects - chiefly among them the violation of the Maastricht criteria, and the obvious breach of Article 125 of the Treaty of Lisbon, which prohibits mutual financial assistance.
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Communication of the Treaty of Lisbon before its ratification
Kroulík, Josef ; Postler, Milan (advisor) ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (referee)
This work deals with communication of the Treaty of Lisbon to the Czech public before its ratification. Its aim is on the basis of the theoretical background of marketing communications and promotion to analyse the communication strategy used to inform the Czech public about the Treaty of Lisbon and to provide a proposal for its improvement. Findings made on the basis of this particular case may serve as a guide for improving communication of other European affairs and for finding ways to achieve increased awareness of the Czech public on European issues.
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The roles of the Council and the European Parliament in the decision-making process of the European Union
Gajdošová, Radka ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Pluskalová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the roles of the Council and the European Parliament in the decision-making process of the European Union. It includes the description of this relationship right from the beginning of the modern European integration until the last revision of the founding treaties. At first there was nearly no connection of these two institutions and the power of Parliament in the decision-making process was insignificant. Through the long process of development starting in the 60', the Parliament gained more and more competence and it led to the balance between the two institutions. The first two chapters are concerned with the historical development of the relationship between the Council and the Parliament and the last chapter provides the current point of view as it deals with the changes implemented after the Treaty of Lisbon.
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