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Screening for hypermobility and shortened muscles in professional soldiers
Veselouš, Tomáš ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Bc. Tomáš Veselouš Supervisor: PhDr. Tereza Nováková, Ph.D. Title: Screening of hypermobility, shortened muscle groups and trunk stability in professional soldiers Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to determine and verify the condition of the musculoskeletal system, especially hypermobility according to Beighton, shortened muscle groups according to Janda and trunk stability according to Kolář in a specific group, namely in soldiers of the 13th Artillery Regiment of the Army of the Czech Republic. Other objectives were to verify the relationship between hypermobility and trunk stability, between hamstrings and trunk stability, and finally between shortened muscle groups and stretching before and after training. Methods: The research involved 171 soldiers of the 13th Artillery Regiment of the Army of the Czech Republic. Participants were subjected to three tests: testing of hypermobility according to Beighton, examination of shortened muscle groups according to Janda and examination of trunk stability according to Kolář. The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Out of the total number of 171 participants, 24.6% were hypermobile. When examining shortened muscles groups test, the largest proportion of shortening occurred in the...
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The most common injuries in tennis and their prevention
Kotova, Klara ; Kočíb, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pravečková, Petra (referee)
Tennis is one of the most popular sports around the world. Due to the dynamics of movement and unpredictable shots and strikes, it ranks among the sports with a high percentage of injuries. This thesis dealt with the analysis of the most common types of injuries in this sport, both in professional players and recreational players. The aim was to find out what these injuries are, in which areas of the body and what their possible prevention is. According to the analysis of many studies and researches, it was found that the most frequent injuries occur in the upper limbs, and more so in professional players. For recreational players, it is more likely to be the lower extremities, although some studies contradict each other. In order to prevent these injuries, it is advisable, in addition to appropriate training, strength training, stretching, warm-ups and other preventive physical activities, to also address the issue of appropriate equipment, adaptation to the playing field, selection of appropriate footwear and a healthy lifestyle. By means of a descriptive analysis, the main and available studies in this area were presented, which introduce the latest trends and challenges for the future. Key words: tennis, injury, prevention, stretching, exercise, rehabilitation.
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The analysis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the pre-match warm-up at the elite football teams.
Novotný, Petr ; Malý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Pre-match Warm- up in Elite Football Teams. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze pre-match warm-ups in elite football teams from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Methods: The research sample consisted of top European football teams, namely Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, Inter Milan, and Manchester City. Data was collected and retrospectively evaluated through video analysis. A total of four pre-match warm-ups were recorded during UEFA Champions League matches. The individual recordings were processed and categorized based on predetermined evaluation criteria. The selected categories were activation exercises, preparatory exercises, game-related exercises, small-sided games, and speed exercises. Evaluation criteria were established for each category, including total exercise time, number of exercises, and average number of repetitions per player. The criteria were compared among the different football teams. Results: The obtained results revealed both common qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Activation exercises emerged as the most numerous and complex category. Based on the recorded durations of the warm-ups, it was evident that the most time was devoted to this category compared to...
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The effect of compensatory exercise and stretching on posture and recovery of ice-hockey players
SPILKOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of compensatory exercise and stretching on postural stability and recovery of ice hockey players. It was designed as a mixed form of research. There were two objectives of the research - the first objective was to describe the effect of compensatory exercise on the posture of ice hockey players. The second aim was to describe the effect of stretching on the recovery of ice hockey players. Ice hockey players often have muscle imbalances and poor posture. Since ice hockey is a unilateral sport, this lateral preference negatively affects the posture of the player. During the game, high demands are made both mentally and physically, which affects the ability to recover. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the knowledge related to the characteristics of ice hockey, basic human anatomy, compensatory exercises and their types, as well as the posture, the distribution of stretching and recovery and its types. The theoretical part served as a literary and theoretical basis for the practical part. In the practical part of the thesis, a mixed research was developed. This research was carried out with probands for 3 months in the premises of the Sedlčany Winter Stadium and in the players' home environment. In the practical part, a kinesiological analysis (entry, control, exit) and six compensatory exercise therapy sessions were carried out, exercise units of dynamic and static stretching was developed, questionnaires on players' stretching and questionnaires on Borg scale of subjective effort targeted on exercise units of stretching were collected. From the results of the research, it was found that compensatory exercise positively affects the posture of ice hockey players and stretching has a positive effect on the recovery of ice hockey players within their performance. From the Borg scale questionnaires, a decreasing trend of expended effort was found for most of the exercises of the dynamic and static stretching exercise units. This thesis can also serve physiotherapists, ice hockey coaches or the general public interested in similar issues.
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Effect of strength training in improving range of movement.
Hradcová, Veronika ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Effect of strength training in improving range of movement - a systematic review Objective: The aim of this diploma thesis is to find answers to research questions in a form of systematic review and to evaluate if strength training has effects on improving range of movement, or if it restricts it or if it doesn't affect it at all. This systematic review also aims to find out how many researchers are inclined to these individual influences of strength training. Method: The Google scholar, PubMed and Web of Science databases were selected for the study search, in which 140 studies were found on basis of established criteria, which were complemented by 4 studies from other sources, from which 128 were subsequently obtained after removing duplicates. An abstract of these studies was studied, of which 95 studies were unsuitable and were therefore excluded. The remaining 33 studies were further studied and, if they met the criteria of at least one research question, were subseqently included in present review. A total of 18 studies were included in present review, which were further classified into research questions according to additional criteria. For each research question, the studies were evaluated separately and the results of the studies were clearly recorded in a table for subseqent...
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Frozen shoulder sy - effective physiotherapeutic approaches: systematic review
Drhlík, Michal ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: Frozen shoulder syndrome - effective physiotherapeutic approaches: systematic review Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine from studies concerning the treatment of the primary form of frozen shoulder syndrome using physiotherapeutic methods and published in the last 10 years, which brings the best results in reducing pain, increasing range of motion and improving affected shoulder function. Methods: Randomized controlled studies (double and single-blind) dealing with the physiotherapeutic intervention of frozen shoulder treatment with a data range of publications from September 1, 2011 to August 31, 2021 were searched. 3 databases were selected for this purpose: Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science. Articles could be written in English, Czech, German, Slovak or Spanish. Different names of the studied disease were chosen as key words: adhesive capsulitis, contracted shoulder, frozen shoulder and periarthritis. Only articles with most probands between the ages of 30 and 70 were included. Persons with associated shoulder joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (excluding diabetes mellitus) were excluded. The analysis of selected articles was performed from clearly compiled tables for individual studies and from 3 summary tables of associated individual physiotherapeutic...
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Evaluation of the short-term effect of physiotherapeutic techniques on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury
Špačková, Anežka ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The subject of this thesis is spasticity in individuals with spinal lesions. The aim is to evaluate and compare a short-term effect of selected physio-therapeutic methods on spasticity of lower limbs in spinal patients. Two methods of comparison were chosen - passive stretching and the Vojta's reflex therapy. The work consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes the problems of spinal lesions, central motoneuron syndrome and spasticity, including its pathophysiology and investigation and therapeutic approaches. The practical part contains an attempt to verify and subsequently compare the immediate antispastic effect of the chosen methods, which is an important prerequisite for the following active exercises as an inseparable part of a physiotherapeutic exercise unit. Clinical evaluation scales are used to evaluate spasticity, namely Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Muscle Excitability Scale (MES). The results are then compared with other studies and literature. Keywords spinal lesions, quadriplegia, Modified Ashworth Scale, Muscle Excitability Scale, Vojta's method, stretching
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Influence of acute stretching on strength predispositions in snowboardcross
Hanko, Michal ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Suchý, Jiří (referee)
Title: Influence of acute stretching on strength predispositions in snowboardcross Objectives: The aim of the work is to evaluate two effects of stretching - static and dynamic on the strength assumptions of the lower extremities by modifying the Bosco test in a group of 3 athletes in the snowboardcross discipline. Methods: Power Measurement in Bosco's Test Modification (3 series jumps of 20 seconds with a 20-second pause) after 5 minutes of warm-up on the bike ergometer (1.5W/kg) and application of a predetermined static or dynamic stretch (approximately 14 minutes). The probands are 3 male athletes in the snowboardcross discipline, aged from 16 to 23 years. Their fitness training consists of a gym 3 times a week (60-90min), gymnastics twice a week (90 min) and an individual evening stretching to develop flexibility at least 3 times a week (30 min). In the off-season, athletic training once a week (60 min). Measured values are - jump count, flight phase time in seconds, contact phase time in seconds, average power expressed in watts, and power drop in percent. Results: We found that two types of stretching - dynamic and static - have different effects on performance in the Bosco test modification. Significantly better results were achieved after application of dynamic stretching. In average...
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Stretching and the Maximal Muscle Strength
Šádek, Petr ; Konopková, Renata (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Title: The effect of stretching on maximal muscle performance Objectives: Due to the number of studies, concerning the effect of the muscle stretch on sport performance and their heterogeneity in the term of used parameters, tests and even performing the stretch exercises themselves, it would be desirable, thanks to the importance of this subject, to consolide and evaluate up-to-date knowledge. The goal of this diploma thesis is to compare and assess available literature concerning the effect of muscle stretch during warmup on the sport performance and, ideally, to define the best type of the stretching itself. Method: The diploma thesis is composed as a literature review - an integrative review with exactly defined criteria for the use of available studies. Result : Even with the nonuniformity of parameters used in available studies there is a consensus in most of the used sources, which met the criteria of inclusion in this research, which (the consensus) determinates the dynamic stretching as the form most appropriate for enhancing the following sport performance. Although studies, proving this result, are in their findings quite unanimous, a precise definition of prefered exercises for peforming the dynamic stretching and of its parameters is still missing. Key words: stretching, dynamic,...
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