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Algae and cyanobacteria in the context of sustainable development
Shevchuk, Anastasiya ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Šturma, Jan (referee)
The subject of the thesis is the potential of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria and its research at the ALGATECH Center, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the potential uses of algae and cyanobacteria, including situating the potential within the context of sustainable development. Furthermore, concepts such as science and research, normal and post-normal science, basic and applied research are defined. To understand the issues, key factors influencing science in the Czech environment are also illuminated. The aim of this qualitative research is to gain insight into the research and cultivation of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. To thoroughly understand the complexity of the issue, the thesis poses additional research questions concerning factors influencing the cultivation and research of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. These questions are answered through data collection via semi-structured interviews and documents. The collected data are sorted and analyzed using framework analysis. Keywords: microscopic algae, cyanobacteria, science, research, basic research, applied research, sustainable development, fluid science.
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Eutrophication of water reservoirs
Kukol, Jan ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The first part of this thesis is focused on general explanation of eutrophication, its causes and consequences. The possible solutions of eutrophication are discussed briefly and a few examples of eutrophic reservoirs in the Czech Republic are added. The second part of this thesis is focused on ongoing modifications of water reservoir Brno and finally the effectiveness of measures are being compared.
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Controlled production of lipids and lipidic substances by selected yeasts and microalgae
Szotkowski, Martin ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Huelva, Ines Garbayo Nores, University (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Karotenoidy jsou přírodní pigmenty vyskytující se v mikroorganismech jako jsou řasy, kvasinky a sinice. Představují nejrozšířenější skupinu antioxidantů s významným biologickým účinkem. V současnosti vzrůstá zájem o karotenoidy vzhledem k jejich příznivým vlivům na lidské zdraví. Chlorofyly jsou zelená fotosyntetická barviva, která nacházejí uplatnění v potravinářství jako intenzivní zelená barviva. Koenzym Q je znám svým pozitivním vlivem pro správnou funkci řady orgánů v lidském těle. Ergosterol je nedílnou součástí membrán kvasinek a hub. Je to provitamin D2, který je důležitou součástí imunitního systému. Mikrobiální lipidy, nebo také ‚‚Single cell oils‘‘ jsou charakteristické vysokým obsahem zdraví prospěšných nenasycených mastných kyselin, které lze využít ve farmacii či kosmetice. Mikrobiální lipidy jsou dále studovány jako alternativa pro výrobu biopaliv. Dizertační práce byla zaměřena na studium a možnosti optimalizace produkce lipidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek, mikrořas a sinic. V rámci práce byly testované kvasinky rodu Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium a Sporidiobolus podrobené kultivacím na sérií médií s různými C/N poměry v rozsahu 13 až 100, obsahujících upravené odpadní substráty z potravinářského průmyslu. Vybrané kmeny byly poté kultivovány v bioreaktorech v médiu obsahujícím kombinaci odpadních substrátů. Kultivace mikrořas rodu Desmodesmus, Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Coccomyxa, Chlamydomonas, Botryococcus se zabývaly optimalizací jednotlivých komponent média a aplikací různých stresů s cílem navýšení produkce studovaných metabolitů. V rámci experimentů s extrémofilní mikrořasou Coccomyxa byly provedeny pilotní velkoobjemové kultivace v otevřených nádržích. V závěrečné části byl provedeny pilotní screeningové a velkoobjemové bioreaktorové experimenty zaměřené na možnosti kokultivace karotenogenních kvasinek a mikrořas. Testované kmeny kvasinek byly s rozdílnou úspěšností schopny utilizovat média obsahující hydrolyzované odpadní substráty. Nejlepším kmenem byl Sporidiobolus pararoseus, který na médiích dosahoval nejvyšších produkcí biomasy i sledovaných metabolitů. Z testovaných odpadních substrátů byla nejlepší kombinace odpadního fritovacího oleje a hydrolyzátu kávové sedliny. Úspěšná optimalizace složení hlavních komponent minerálního média vedla k zvýšené produkci studovaných metabolitů. Největší vliv měl optimální poměr P/N a aplikace oxidačního stresu. Nejlepších výsledků dosáhly mikrořasy rodu Desmodesmus a Scenedesmus. Velkoobjemové kultivace Coccomyxy onubensis potvrdily rezistenci kultury proti kontaminaci vnějšími vlivy a schopnost růstu za vysoké teploty a intenzity světelného záření. Kokultivační experimenty potvrdily schopnost symbiotického růstu kvasinek a mikrořas. Nejlepších výsledků dosahovaly všechny testované kvasinky s mikrořasami rodu Demsodesmus a Scenedesmus a v menší míře i rodu Coccomyxa.
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Metabolic adaptation of selected microalgal strains on various nitrogen sources
Kodajek, Matěj ; Šimanský, Samuel (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that, together with other microorganisms (yeast, bacteria), are used in industry, because they produce a wide range of interesting organic substances. This thesis deals with the metabolic adaptation of microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coccomyxa sp. and cyanobacteria Synechococcus nidulans, Arthrospira maxima, Limnospira maxima, Anabaena torulosa, which were cultivated on various nitrogen sources. These strains are descibed in the theoretical part including the metabolites and their applications in industry. The experimental part describes all chemicals, aids, devices and methods used for cutivation and analysis of microorganisms. The aim of the study was to compare and find out which nitrogen source in the BBM and SPIRULINA medium is the most suitable for a particular strain in terms of production of total biomass and composition of individual metabolites. Sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, glycine, urea and whey protein were used as nitrogen sources. The content and composition of lipids in the biomass was determined by gas chromatography. The content of ubiquinone, carotenoids and chlorophylls was determined by liquid chromatography.
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Application of physical and chemical stress factors in different stages of growth to autotrophic microorganisms
Sniegoňová, Pavlína ; Byrtusová, Dana (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
Nowadays, the demand for metabolites produced by microalgae and cyanobacteria is still growing, due to their positive effects on the human body and health. These metabolites include mainly carotenoid pigments, that have antioxidant properties, which very attractive to consumers. These substances are mainly used in food supplements; however they are also used in the pharmaceutical industry. These substances include, for example, -carotene, but also chlorophylls, which are significantly involved in the photosynthesis process. Other important metabolites are lipids, which are part of cellular structures and serve a number of other functions. The theoretical part focuses on the description of algae and cyanobacteria and their cultivation. Furthermore, the influence of stress factors on the production of biomass and metabolites. Metabolites are then characterized in terms of properties and biochemical pathways leading to their production. Subsequently, there are mentioned evaluation techniques used to characterize the cultivated biomass. In the result part, the production properties are compared depending on the selected stress factors.
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Destratification of Reservoirs
Sluše, Jan ; Kozubková, Milada (referee) ; Šulc, Jan (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
This doctoral thesis is focused on design of new equipment for aeration of water surface with low depth of water column. Aeration is one of ecological preventive methods to prevent growth of cyanobacteria. Increase of dissolved oxygen content in water mass leads to support of the growth of organisms which are disadvantaged by impossibility of movement in water mass and thus also to support biodiversity. Given biodiversity has a positive effect on water quality because it avoids the outbreak of one species of aquatic organism, in particular of cyanobacteria. Designed aeration equipment uses membrane formed by hollow fibre to transport oxygen into the water. When aeration dissolution of oxygen occurs directly on the membrane surface which prevents air leak in the form of bubbles. This type of aeration has low operating costs and high efficiency of input of the oxygen into the water. Distribution in the aquatic environment is ensured by special boat. This boat is moving on the water surface and the technology is installed on the upper deck. The aeration is carried out by an aeration module situated in the water. The movement of the boat is partially ensured by autonomous control.
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Production of selected metabolites by yeasts and algae cultivated under stress conditions
Mariničová, Veronika ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented work was focused on the comparison between the production of selected metabolites by carotenogenic yeasts and microalgae cultivated under conditions of external stress. The main metabolites of interest were carotenoids, further lipophilic substances and lipids. Biotechnological overproduction of these metabolites could serve as a source of potentially beneficial substances not only for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, but also for the production of third generation biofuels. Recently, there has been a growing interest in biofuels primarily from microalgae, which have a high potential in biofuel production and seem to be a promising source. The theoretical part deals with the description of individual genera of carotenogenic yeasts, microalgae, cyanobacteria, chemical composition of produced metabolites and brief biosynthesis. In addition, individual methods for analyzing the production of the metabolites of interest were described. The experimental part is focused on the comparison of production of carotenoids, coenzyme Q, ergosterols (phytosterols) and lipids by yeasts, microalgae and cyanobacteria. As a source of external stress, temperature, salt and light stress were chosen. The strains of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporidiobolus pararoseus and Cystofilobasidium macerans were studied from the yeast strains. Microalgae and cyanobacteria were Scenedesmus obliqus, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella saccharophila, Botryococcus brauni, Synechococcus nidulans and Arthrospira maxima. The yeast and algal strains were optimized for growth, carotenoid and lipid production. Applied salt stress showed a significant liquidation effect on algal and cyanobacterial strains. The thesis also monitored the biological stress, so-called co-cultivation of microalgae and yeasts. Further experiments will be the subject of future work.
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Determination of phosphates in waters and characterization of their negtive effects on water ecosystem
Novotný, Radek ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the negative effects of phosphates in natural waters and their methods of determination. The first part is characterized by a negative impact on natural water and there are characterized the problems associated with eutrophication, development of cyanobacteria and algae and the resulting potential health risks. The second section describes the methods by which phosphates can be determined. The work highlights the particular spectrophotometric methods such as molybdophosphoric acid, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, wolframophosphoric acid, phosphomolybdenum blue and methods with some basic dyes such as rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, malachite green and crystal violet. There are also mentioned methods, which are used less frequently, but they are relatively sensitive, such as AAS, AES, LC-ICP-MS and next such as chromatographic, electrochemical and enzymatic methods. Finally, work mentions the possibility of using automatic techniques such as FIA or CFA, which are suitable for routine and frequent determination, often using the spectrophotometric methods, but not only these.
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Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní cyanobakterií, vystavených hyper a hyposmotickým stresům. Na základě literární rešerše byly navžené vhodné analytické metody určené ke studiu dvou modelových organismu - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 a Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Celkem čtyři metody byly použité k charakterizaci osmoticky zatížených bakterií. Průtoková cytometrie byla použita k vyhodnocení viability. Fluorescenční sonda SYTOX Blue poskytla důvěryhodnou informaci ohledně viability bakterií. Propidium jodid naopak poskytl nezřetelnou informaci. Optické vlastnosti cyanobakterií byly prozkoumané pomoci UV-VIS absorpčních a turbidimetrických měření. Termogravimetrická analýza byla použita pro mapování změn obsahu vody v osmoticky stresovaných buňkách. Tato metoda ukazala. že PHB-positivní Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 jsou pravděpodobně vice odolné vůči hyperosmotickým stresům než PHB-negativní. Plynová chromatografie byla použita ke kvantifikaci vnitrobuněčného PHB, který činil přibližně 1-2 % suché hmoty PHB-positivních buněk.
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