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Labour market in the European Union
Juříček, Tomáš ; Tichá, Milena (advisor) ; Stracený, Josef (referee)
The graduation thesis consists of two parts. The first part deals with the general operation of the labour market and the key principles and factors occurring in this area, such as the subsistence wage or the activities of trade unions. Special attention deserves the issue of unemployment and public employment policy. In the second part, the general information of the previous section is inserted into the framework of a particular economic situation and the evolution of unemployment in the European Union during the last decade. An important role is played by taking various forms of national employment policy and social policy which are dealt with separately. The same attention is paid to the main EU institutions and strategies that seek to eliminate negative phenomena occurring on the European market.
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Technological unemployment
Miňovský, Michael ; Vlček, Josef (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
(in English): Will robotisation lead to unemployment? What will be the society-wide impact of automation? Will it affect the economy? And what is the general macroeconomic and microeconomic context of such developments? These and many other questions are asked throughout this thesis. On the next 70 or so pages, a detailed overview of changes connected with robotics revolution is provided, while the primary topic is the issue of technological unemployment. Based on the study of historical evidence, there is a proposition pronounced on a qualitative difference between current technology and earlier technological milestones consisting in the ability of the machines to substitute not only routine manual work but the non-routine cognitive tasks as well. This hypothesis is then being developed and analysed through a more detailed examination of the fundamental differences of robotics and the current technological foundation of industry and services. The method employed is a critical analysis of other authors' works, thanks to which it was possible to present impressive results such as the list of probabilities of automating a wide spectrum of jobs in the course of the next few decades based on an extrapolation of the current level of progress in machine learning and data mining. In the end, a synthesis...
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Technological unemployment
Miňovský, Michael ; Vlček, Josef (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
Will robotization lead to unemployment? What will be the society-wide impact of automation? Will it affect the economy? And what is the general macroeconomic and microeconomic context of such developments? These and many other questions are asked throughout this thesis. On the next 60 or so pages, a detailed overview of changes connected with robotics revolution is provided, while the primary topic is the issue of technological unemployment. Based on the study of historical evidence, there is a proposition pronounced on a qualitative difference between current technology and earlier technological milestones consiting in the ability of the machines to substitute not only routine manual work but the non-routine cognitive tasks as well. This hypothesis is then being developed and analyzed through a more detailed examination of the fundamental differences of robotics and the current technological foundation of industry and services. Viewpoint of other authors is also included as the objective of this thesis's author is not to be rediscovering well-known facts but to enrich the stint of knowledge in general. Thanks to this, it is possible to present some impressive results such as a list of probabilities of computerization of a wide spectrum of jobs for the next decades based on an extrapolation of the current...
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The significance of gender audit by asserting equal opportunities for women and men: the Česká spořitelna, a.s. company case study
Čechová, Miroslava ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Šprincová, Veronika (referee)
This dissertation is a case study of Česká spořitelna, a. s. It shows the significance of gender audit by asserting equal opportunities for women and men. The theoretical part introduces how gender equality could be asserted and also summarizes how the concept has (not) been practically fulfilled (particularly in the area of labour market). It emphasizes the gender audit as one of the possible tools of change when asserting the gender equality. The empirical part of this dissertation is investigating the significance of gender audit for asserting the equal opportunities in Česká spořitelna, a. s. Therefore it analyzes a final report of the first gender audit and compares its design with another final report that came out of the second implemented gender audit. It also analyzes the processes the company adopted after the first gender audit to promote the equal opportunities for women and men. The impacts and the efficiency of the measures (either proposed or implemented) are analyzed critically with regard to their influence on the gender equality.
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Roma on the Czech countryside: Determinants of exclusion, potentials for inclusion
Hurrle, Jakob ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Bernard, Josef (referee) ; Sidiropulu Janků, Kateřina (referee)
The dissertation project Roma on the Czech countryside: Determinants of exclusion, potentials for inclusion deals with the situation of Roma in Czech rural municipalities. The starting motivation for the author's exploration of this topic has been information about the growing number of segregated localities in rural areas. In the local public discourses within the peripheral areas, this phenomenon has often been explained as the consequence of poverty-driven urban-rural migration. However, as the migration of socially excluded populations into disadvantaged areas stirs a lot of fears and negative emotions that provide a fertile ground for the spread of rumours, the author's preparatory research soon revealed that it is necessary to carefully distinguish between myths and reality. The author's desire to understand the complex processes behind the emergence of new Roma localities in rural areas required a combination of working methods: The author analysed the national policy and regulatory framework and realized empirical research in five micro-regions in different parts of the Czech Republic. In addition to this, data were gained through the realization of a country-wide survey with two different sets of questionnaires, which targeted rural municipalities with socially excluded localities and urban social...
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Development of a Competency Model for the Assessment of Scientific Thinking of Science Graduates
Pyskatá Rathouská, Lubomíra ; Janoušková, Svatava (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee) ; Kričfaluši, Dana (referee)
Our society is currently facing significant changes in the labor market. The changes are brought by the trends from Industry 4.0. The assumption is that higher-skilled positions will gradually come to the forefront of interest: employees who hold specialized positions requiring deeper knowledge and skills, staff with the ability to solve complex problems. The system including knowledge, skills and also to some context values and attitudes is called 21st Century Skills. These skills must be also incorporated and reflected in education, including science education. Science education needs to take into account the above-mentioned as this has direct impact and implications not only on scientific knowledge but also on skills such as critical and analytical thinking, the ability to do research, problem solving or decision-making processes. The system of such key knowledge, abilities and skills is included in the concept of scientific thinking and reasoning. For this reason, the curriculum of schools, including universities, requires development of thinking and reasoning, which would enable them to find a good job on the labor market. Furthermore, relationships between universities and employers are gradually being built, which catalyzes the adoption of universities' curriculum according to the needs of...
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The Labour Market in Traditional and Light Industry in Pre-modern and Modern Japan
Klička, Petr ; Labus, David (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I focus on the Japanese labour market in agriculture, traditional, semi-traditional and modern light industry between the 1730s and 1950s. In the first chapter I introduce institutional theory and path dependance theory which serve as my conceptual frame. In the second chapter I present a broad definition of the modern period based on Kito's demographical periodization of Japanese history. In the third and fourth chapter I analyze the institutional structure of agriculture and by-employments that dominated the modern labour market. In conclusion I discuss the connection of this structure to heavy industry and its implications for the current dual labour market.
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Development of a Competency Model for the Assessment of Scientific Thinking of Science Graduates
Pyskatá Rathouská, Lubomíra
Our society is currently facing significant changes in the labor market. The changes are brought by the trends from Industry 4.0. The assumption is that higher-skilled positions will gradually come to the forefront of interest: employees who hold specialized positions requiring deeper knowledge and skills, staff with the ability to solve complex problems. The system including knowledge, skills and also to some context values and attitudes is called 21st Century Skills. These skills must be also incorporated and reflected in education, including science education. Science education needs to take into account the above-mentioned as this has direct impact and implications not only on scientific knowledge but also on skills such as critical and analytical thinking, the ability to do research, problem solving or decision-making processes. The system of such key knowledge, abilities and skills is included in the concept of scientific thinking and reasoning. For this reason, the curriculum of schools, including universities, requires development of thinking and reasoning, which would enable them to find a good job on the labor market. Furthermore, relationships between universities and employers are gradually being built, which catalyzes the adoption of universities' curriculum according to the needs of...
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