|
|
NGOs' perceptions of Japan's role in the nuclear disarmament regime
Naumov, Danila ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This Master's thesis analyses the perceptions international disarmament NGOs have on Japan's role in the nuclear disarmament regime. The research aims to examine the positions of the leading nuclear disarmament NGOs on various points in their relationship to Japan, but also to the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which serves as the framework of interaction for between NGOs and Japan. For the purpose of drafting conclusions based on comparison and analysis of it, several variables are operationalised - such as strategies NGOs employ in their advocacy efforts, their expectations of Japan's ratification of the TPNW or the factors they believe prevent Japan from ratifying the treaty - and elaborated upon through scholarly literature on the topic of international norms and NGOs in general. Interviews and official documents, such as annual reports or proclamations of the NGOs, are used as the main source of data for analysis. In the conclusion, the author outlines the findings and how they contradict original expectations or confirm them. He drafts a few possible scenarios for the further development of NGOs strategies within the TPNW, based on the study of Japan's case.
|
|
|
The Question of Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons in the Context of the War in Ukraine
Vetýšková, Eliška ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
1 The Question of Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons in the Context of the War in Ukraine Abstract This thesis aims to examine the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons by applying sources of the international public law. This is achieved by means of using analytical and comparative methods. The key sources analysed in this thesis are general principles related to the law of international security, permissible use of force (ius ad bellum), and the principle of the law of armed conflicts (ius in bello). The main document opining on the legality of nuclear weapons is the "Advisory Opinion of the ICJ on the Legality of the Use of Nuclear Weapons". The legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons is inextricably linked to the general prohibition of the use or threat of force against the territorial integrity and/or political independence of states, established in the UN Charter. Taking the UN Charter into consideration, the use and even the threat of use of nuclear weapons may potentially be considered as a violation of the public international law. From the in ius ad bellum perspective, there is no common rule that prohibits the use of nuclear weapons. The possibility of any such rule being established is directly eliminated by the principle of nuclear deterrence. From the ius in...
|
|
|
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and the metaphysics of security communities: perspectives from Tlatelolco and Bangkok
Canola, Vanessa ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
with Adler and Barnett's unorthodox approach based on s' institution and metaphysical factors, such as common identities, norms, transactions and ideas, bringing a fresh approach to the 'academic' table. Through six qualitative one America and Southeast Asia, the author aimed to answer the following research questions: "To what extent do these NWFZs constitute two distinct 'security communities', a concept forged ?", "Can these NWFZs fall under one of the following labels describing their development path: 'nascent', 'ascendant' or 'mature' security communities?", "What is the role of collective identities, shared ideas, and ternational behavior of the state parties?". As a result, after applying the 'three tier' model and analyzing the case studies' development paths, Latin America and Southeast Asia can thus be considered 'loosely tied security communities' in their 'mature'
|
|
|
The Status of Nuclear Weapons under International Law
Maier Tolic, Gabriela Maria ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
Bibliographic Note MAIER TOLIC, Gabriela Maria. The Status of Nuclear Weapons under International Law. Prague, 2023. 99 pages. Political Studies. Department of International Relations. Supervisor JUDr. Milan Lipovský, Ph.D. Abstract Both the complex system of international law and the disputed interpretation thereof in the realm of nuclear weapons create challenges when making a clear assessment of when and whether the possession, threat and use of nuclear weapons are legal. This research aims to provide clarity on these issues by completing an analysis on the current state of international law and by outlining which conditions need to be fulfilled by states for the legal possession, threat and use of nuclear weapons. The presented study finds that the system of international law is set out in such a manner which aims to eliminate nuclear weapons completely. The obligation for disarmament in the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons conditions the possession of nuclear weapons and places two requirements on nuclear weapon states: to pursue negotiations on disarmement in good faith and to bring them to a conclusion. This research finds that there is a strong argument that this twofold obligation is of customary nature and is therefore also binding upon states which are not party to the treaty....
|
|
|
The history and the present of nuclear weapons in the world and in The Czech Republic
TEJC, Michal
This bachelor thesis deals with the history and the present of nuclear weapons in the world and in the Czech Republic, from the first research in the area of the discovery of physical particles to the development and testing of nuclear weapons of individual states, the adoption of international treaties and agreements that reduce dangerous nuclear weapon abuses in the world. In the theoretical part, it contains historical references to discovering new elements, their research and practical use in nuclear weapons. The thesis also describes the clear history of the individual research programs of states that have now declared themselves or are expected to hold nuclear weapons or are currently developing nuclear weapons. The thesis continues with the analysis of international treaties and agreements on gradual banning of nuclear weapons testing, which resulted in the adoption of the Non-proliferation Treaty. The aim of this thesis was to: Analyze and compare the historical development and present of nuclear weapons in the world and in the Czech Republic. In order to meet this goal, it was necessary to address the persons who are oriented in the given issue and to use the processed questionnaires to characterize individual views of the respondents on the issue of nuclear weapons use or abuse, documenting accepted international treaties and possibilities of real nuclear weapons abuse by states that did not join international commitments. After responding people and analyzing their responses to nuclear weapons, materials that could be used to manufacture them, and controlling their non-proliferation, it was documented that all respondents agreed that international agreements led to lower international tensions and partial suspension of nuclear tests. In most countries, nuclear programs have either ended, or their nuclear program has been completely resolved beyond the guarantee system. By adopting current legal acts, the possibilities to illegally manufacture nuclear weapons have decreased. This does not apply to countries that support international terrorism and nuclear deterrence.
|
|
|
The Construction of Warfare Technology in Russian Military Thinking
Solovyeva, Anzhelika ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
The Construction of Warfare Technology in Russian Military Thinking Anzhelika Solovyeva Abstract This dissertation traces the dynamics of military-technological innovation in Russia over the last hundred and fifty years. The analysis relies extensively on primary data obtained from Russian archives, complemented by a series of expert interviews. The goal is to understand whether and to what extent Russia's respective discourses and practices constitute a distinct strategic cultural approach. The relationship between strategic culture and military- technological innovation is considered from two different, yet complementary, perspectives. From an empirical standpoint, the analysis is guided by six substantial arguments derived from the existing literature on Russian strategic culture, technology and military doctrine, interviews conducted by the author, and partially from the author's own knowledge of the problematic. In theoretical terms, this dissertation offers and graphically nuances a novel conceptual model, theorizing processes related to military-technological innovation and the role of strategic cultural frames. The last two arguments guiding the empirical focus of this dissertation are derived from the theoretical discussion. This model is subsequently applied to three case studies, with the key...
|
|
|
De-escalation nuclear strike in the military strategy of the Russian Federation
Karel, Karel ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concept of a de-escalation nuclear strike in the strategy of the Russian Federation. Unlike the United States of America, the Russian Federation has retained part of its non-strategic arsenal. Furthermore, the delivery systems have been modernized in the last decade. The essence of a de-escalation strike is based on the deployment of non-strategic, lower-yield nuclear weapons, even in the early phase of an armed conflict. This way, a conflict could be ended under more favourable conditions for Russia. The aim of this thesis is to answer a question whether a de-escalation strike is real part of the Russian military strategy. To answer this question, the de-escalation strike is framed within the theoretical framework of limited nuclear war and escalation. The research part of this thesis examines Russian strategic document and missiles capable of delivering lower yield nuclear weapons. Based on the examination of the strategic documents, I have concluded that although the documents do not mention a de-escalation strike, they contain aggressive nuclear signalling. Moreover, the documents show that the threshold for deployment of nuclear weapons by the Russian Federation is very low. The Russian Federation possesses a wide range of ballistic and cruise missiles...
|
|
| |
|
|
Economic Sanction as a substitute for war in nuclear age
Daňhel, Ondřej ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of economic sanctions as one of the options to replace conventional war between states that threaten each other with assured destruction. The thesis examines this issue through the case of events on the island of Cuba during the Cold War and the rivalry between the United States, the Soviet Union and the regime in Cuba. For the purpose of the thesis, data relevant to this case are collected in the empirical part. The grounded theory method is then used to establish that in order to confirm the main research question, three events must be found in the data, which must be chronologically consecutive for the relationship to hold. The first of these events is the conventional war, between the United States and Cuba. This event must be followed by a second event, the cessation of these hostilities by the United States for no other reason than the threat of nuclear war, in order to be confirmed. Finally, this second event must be followed by a third event, the use of economic sanctions as a new instrument of war. The thesis concludes that these three conditions occur chronologically in the data, so it is shown in this thesis that in this selected case the United States resorted to economic sanctions as a substitute for a conventional war with a state with which, because of...
|
|
|
Cuban Missile Crisis and its influence on JFK's and Chruscov's career
Kopková, Ivana ; Bříza, Vlastislav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the Caribbean Crisis and its impact on the political career of the US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. The case study examines the political careers of both representatives of the Great Powers and compares their development before and after the Caribbean crisis. The thesis is divided into eight chapters; at first outlines the issue of the Missile Crisis and then the personality of John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The crisis outcomes and impacts were reflected on different level of influence and public perception of its two main actors.
|
guest ::
