|
|
Women's experiences with prenatal loss in the first trimester of pregnancy
Lišková, Tereza ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The aim of the rigorous thesis was to describe and analyse the experiences of women with prenatal loss in the first trimester of pregnancy. The data for the empirical part of the qualitative design was obtained through an electronic document in which the informants answered open-ended questions by writing. The research sample consisted of 17 informants who had experienced spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of their wanted pregnancy and had not yet had any children. The data collected were analysed using qualitative methods and the women's experiences were described and interpreted using grounded theory. Women's experiences were explored in several areas: experiencing abortion, loss and grief, needs, sharing, social environment reactions, protective factors and coping with the loss. Women's experiences of spontaneous abortion included mainly shock, sadness, fear, anger, guilt and feelings of failure. Many women experienced miscarriage as the death of their baby and grieved for it. Women needed to be treated with empathy and respect by those close to them and by health professionals. In particular, they perceived reactions and advice downplaying the significance of their loss as negative. The opportunity to share their experience with the wider community was very important to some women,...
|
|
|
The effect of miscarriage on a women's psychological health
Bauerová, Alexandra ; Rusová, Monika (advisor) ; Mrázová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores the psychological and social effect of a miscarriage on women's mental health. The aim of this thesis is to provide a complex overview of the physiological impact of miscarriages on women and investigate various factors, which may influence their experience. This research paper is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, the description, etiology, symptoms, most common types, diagnostics and treatment of miscarriage are provided. Additionally, the discussion of treatment includes descriptions of instrument and medicament based methods for removal of the remains of a fetus, their course of action and possible risks. Furthermore, in the theoretical part the empotions women go through and their impact on social background. In the empirical part a detailed description of the quantitative research is presented. The research was completed using a questionnaire distributed among women, who experienced a miscarriage. The questionnaire was distributed online using social networks. The results indicate women's emotionally experience grief, fear, guilt and may influence the psychological well-being of every woman. The results show that more than half of women did not have relevant information about options of psychological help. Hence, this thesis...
|
|
|
Estimating willingness to pay for increasing probability to conceive
Kolářová, Natálie ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyze preferences for increasing the probability of conceiving. Willingness to pay for increasing the probability of conceiving is estimated using the private good scenario and a new complex of vitamins and minerals as the contingent product. Specifically, we use the discrete choice experiment with three attributes: the increase in the probability of conceiving, the number of months of trying to conceive from when this probability will be increased, and the cost to be paid for this product. Data are obtained through a stated preference survey conducted in 2014 in four European countries (the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands). We estimate a mixed logit model, allowing for unobserved preference heterogeneity. We find that people are willing to pay to increase a female's probability of conceiving, and their willingness to pay is higher after 12 months of trying to conceive when one is becoming infertile. Respondents are willing to pay for increasing the chance to conceive even during the period when they are not diagnosed as infertile, i.e., from 6 months of trying to conceive, except in the Netherlands. Italians are willing to pay the most, while Dutch are willing to pay the least. By controlling for the main characteristics of...
|
|
|
Women's experience with miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy
Lišková, Tereza ; Presslerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Dymešová, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to map the experiences of women with spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) in the first trimester of pregnancy. The data for the empirical part of the qualitative design was obtained through an electronic document in which the informants answered open- ended questions by writing. The research sample consisted of 17 informants who had experienced spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of their wanted pregnancy and had not yet had any children. The data collected were analysed using qualitative methods and the women's experiences were described and interpreted using grounded theory. Women's experiences were explored in several areas: experiencing abortion, loss and grief, needs, sharing, social environment reactions, and protective factors. Women's experiences of spontaneous abortion included mainly shock, sadness, fear, anger, guilt and feelings of failure. Many women experienced miscarriage as the death of their baby and grieved for it. Women needed to be treated with empathy and respect by those close to them and by health professionals. In particular, they perceived reactions and advice downplaying the significance of their loss as negative. The opportunity to share their experience with the wider community was very important to some women, while others shared their...
|
|
|
Chromosomal investigation in foetuses with developmental abnormalities
Štolfa, Miroslav ; Novotná, Drahuše (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Chromosomal aberrations are common causes of abnormal development of fetuses leading to the birth of malformed indvidual or to the intrauterine death. Half of miscarriages in the first trimester and a third in the second trimester are caused by fetal chromosomal abnormalities, mainly aneuploidies. If fetus is abnormally developed, invasive prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis should be recommended. Positive cytogenetic finding can be reason for induced abortion till the end of 24th week of gestation. We investigated 81 miscarriages, 46 fetuses from induced abortions and 80 fetuses with abnormal development from ongoing pregnancies. G-banding analysis was used as the main method for investigating miscarriages. Genomic DNA isolated from abnormally developed fetuses was screened by array CGH technique. We found 43,75 % chromosomal abnormal miscarried fetuses, majority of them with numerical aberrations (91,4 %). In group of induced abortions, 25,71 % fetuses carried chromosomal abnormality. The lowest rate 11,67 % of chromosoal aberrations was detected in group of prenatally diagnosed fetuses from ongoing pregnancies. Array CGH detected submicroscopic aberrations in 13,41 % fetuses with ultrasound findings. All together 25,74 % microscopic and causal submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities were found to be...
|
|
|
Prenatal and perinatal loss entangled in Czech institutions
Hintnausová, Marie ; Zandlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Klepal, Jaroslav (referee)
PRENATAL AND PERINATAL LOSS ENTANGLED IN CZECH INSTITUTIONS Marie Hintnausová ABSTRACT An ethnographic research among women who experienced a loss of child during pregnancy or postpartum aims to expose contexts and backgrounds in which prenatal and perinatal loss emerges in the Czech Republic. This life event is delineated not only by unique biographies of affected mothers, but also by the societal understanding of prenatal life and institutional definitions of human reproduction. This thesis highlights various notions and meanings entangled in the event of prenatal and perinatal death and shows which trajectories women follow in the terrain of societal expectations and governmental and biomedical institutions when they lose a promised assurance of raising a new child.
|
|
|
Folate and its role in early embryonic development of higher vertebrates.
Zahradníková, Hana ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Procházková, Michaela (referee)
Folate or vitamin B9 is an essential water-soluble nutrient that takes part in important cellular processes. These include amino acid metabolism, methylation, and nucleotide synthesis, the last two of which play a key role in early embryonic development. It was approximately 30 years ago when folic acid supplementation was confirmed to help prevent embryonic neural tube defects and since then an intake of 400 µg of folate a day has been recommended to all women of childbearing age. Despite this, folate deficiency is a relatively common phenomenon and during pregnancy can lead to congenital malformations and pregnancy complications. This bachelor thesis summarizes the latest findings on the association of neural tube defects and miscarriages with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding folate metabolism enzymes in humans, focusing mainly on the gene encoding the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Furthermore, this thesis deals with potential mechanisms of the folate's protective effect which could participate in the prevention of neural tube defects and are studied mainly on model organisms. Key words: folate, embryo, neural tube defects, MTHFR, homocysteine, miscarriage, single-nucleotide polymorphisms
|
|
|
Woman and miscarriage
GALLOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis deals with the midwifery care of a woman with miscarriage. The thesis specifically focuses on the care of women, who suffered spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy or artificial termination of pregnancy from the medical indication. The first goal of this thesis was to find out how midwives help to fulfil the needs of women, who suffered miscarriage, and the second goal was to find out the women's satisfaction with the midwifery care. This thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The definition of miscarriages and abortions according to Czech legislation is described in the theoretical part. The theoretical part further contains of detailed description of causes, clinical stages, diagnostics and therapy of spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. The methods and complications of artificial termination of pregnancy in the first and second trimester are also discussed there. A very important part of the theoretical part is created by the chapter that deals with psychosocial aspects of miscarriage. This chapter also covers the topics of experiencing miscarriage from a Man's point of view and the process of mourning, but this chapter is also dedicated directly to the topic of midwife care of a woman with miscarriage. Qualitative research was carried out in the practical part of this thesis and its goals were to find out how midwives help to fulfil the needs of women, who suffered miscarriage, and to find out the women's satisfaction with the midwifery care. The research data were gained with the help of semi-structured interviews and they were carried out with seven respondents, who at least once in a lifetime suffered miscarriage. The interviews were recorded with the consent of respondents, then transcribed, analyzed with the "pencil-paper" method and processed into six categories (Communication, Awareness, Needs, Midwifery care, Partner and Mourning). These categories were further subdivided into subcategories. Three main research questions were chosen for the research part of the thesis. The first question examined how midwives satisfy bio-psycho-socio-spiritual needs of women, who suffered miscarriage. The research showed that the midwifery care of biological needs is generally precise but the care of psycho-socio-spiritual needs is adequate only for women, who suffered miscarriage in the second trimester of pregnancy. For women, who suffered miscarriage in the first trimester, these needs were not in most cases sufficiently satisfied. The second research question sounded how women evaluate the midwifery care during the miscarriage. Research suggests that women were mostly satisfied with the care of their physical side and with the stuff expertise but some respondents were not satisfied with the care of the psychical side. The women mostly missed empathy in communication and the interest in women's experiencing of the miscarriage and they expressed the lack of information. The third research question examined how midwives help women to manage their situation. The answers of respondents showed that the biggest help for women is empathy, appropriate communication, sufficient information and interest in their experiencing of miscarriage and their psyche and also ensuring their privacy and intimacy. The women also appreciated when their partner could be present during miscarriage or at least during hospitalization after miscarriage. The research investigation showed that for women, miscarriage is really very challenging and traumatizing experience. It showed up that appropriate attitude of midwives can really help women to manage their situation. According to the research results, there was created an instructional leaflet for midwives dealing with the midwife care of women with miscarriage. The leaflet can serve midwives as help during the care of these women and it can help to improve their care.
|
|
|
Progesterone influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy
Škvorová, Anna ; Koucký, Michal (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy represents a major challenge to the maternal immune system. From an immunological point of view, a fetus is a semi-allograft. The mechanisms providing immunological paradox of fetal tolerance are still not well known and require further research. A complex network of immuno-endocrine interactions ensures fetal growth and development within the maternal uterus. The hormone playing an indispensable role in pregnancy is progesterone. The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of progesterone on the immune system in pregnancy and its mechanisms. Progesterone can affect target cells via the classical nuclear progesterone receptors, which act as transcription factors, or it can act using a variety of other ways, including non-genomic rapid signaling. Progesterone optimizes conditions for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, changes the amount, localization and characteristics of immune cells and production of cytokines. It reduces the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity, supports the proliferation of uterine NK and dendritic cells, affects B cells and induces the formation of T regulatory cells and their recruitment into the fetal-maternal interface. The wide range of...
|
|
|
Chromosomal investigation in foetuses with developmental abnormalities
Štolfa, Miroslav ; Novotná, Drahuše (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Chromosomal aberrations are common causes of abnormal development of fetuses leading to the birth of malformed indvidual or to the intrauterine death. Half of miscarriages in the first trimester and a third in the second trimester are caused by fetal chromosomal abnormalities, mainly aneuploidies. If fetus is abnormally developed, invasive prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis should be recommended. Positive cytogenetic finding can be reason for induced abortion till the end of 24th week of gestation. We investigated 81 miscarriages, 46 fetuses from induced abortions and 80 fetuses with abnormal development from ongoing pregnancies. G-banding analysis was used as the main method for investigating miscarriages. Genomic DNA isolated from abnormally developed fetuses was screened by array CGH technique. We found 43,75 % chromosomal abnormal miscarried fetuses, majority of them with numerical aberrations (91,4 %). In group of induced abortions, 25,71 % fetuses carried chromosomal abnormality. The lowest rate 11,67 % of chromosoal aberrations was detected in group of prenatally diagnosed fetuses from ongoing pregnancies. Array CGH detected submicroscopic aberrations in 13,41 % fetuses with ultrasound findings. All together 25,74 % microscopic and causal submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities were found to be...
|
guest ::
