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Conservatism as a political ideology in Czech left-wing parties
Novotný, Jáchym ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This master thesis focuses on conservatism as a political ideology in Czech left-wing parties. The aim of the thesis is to answer several research questions. The most important one is whether elements of conservative ideology appear in the programs and other materials of selected Czech left-wing political parties. Subsequent questions build on the first one, aiming to determine in which periods conservatism appears in the programs and other materials of the examined parties and whether these parties deliberately seek to overcome the differences between conservatism and socialism, or whether they simply accept elements of conservatism that are not in conflict with left-wing ideologies. These questions are answered through content analysis of the programs and other materials of three political parties: the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM), and the Left. In addition to the analysis of programs and other materials, the thesis also includes a theoretically oriented chapter that deals with the individual political ideologies under study and their directions or branches. In conclusion, it is stated that elements of conservatism appear in the programs of all three analyzed parties, with clearly the fewest identified in the programs and other materials...
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The Right and the Left
Toman, Jonáš ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Chmel, Jan (referee)
1 Right and left Abstract This work is standing on two main pillars, consisting of two parts. The first part describes the left right spectrum, showing possible alternatives, examining whether there is superiority to this concept of classification of the political spectrum and where does it lie. The second part is a look into the history of the left right dualism, its origin and changes through time from its beginning up to the year of 1989, showing the changeability of political conflict, mainly through time but also through space. First part focuses on left right dualism itself, explaining how we understand it, mentioning some competitive concepts and presenting chosen ones. The outcome of this part is an attempt at synthesis of two to three concepts into a final scheme, that is not letting go of the left right division, while trying to include a level of predictive value. The historical second part begins with two critically influential revolutions, which shook the western world, but which ended with formation of democracies comparable to ones we see today. The work opens up the question of coincidence regarding the origin of the terminology of right and left. Showing that the terms were dictated by the seating of the representatives of certain political ideologies. The amount to which this mechanism was...
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Old and new left in Czech Republic
Blažeková, Radka ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is a comparison of the old and new left in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis focuses on a comparison of the selected relevant left-wing political groups operating in the Czech Republic. The thesis examines differences and similarities between the KSČM, the socialist wing of ČSSD on one side and the Green Party and the left-liberal tendencies and offshoots of the ČSSD (such Idealists) on the other hand. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part of the thesis is theoretical. The theoretical part defines main terms such as a political party, political movement, left-right axis of the political spectrum, the old left, the new left etc. The explanation of the terms is very important for understanding the thesis. In the second part of this thesis, I analyze single significant and relevant political parties. I focus on the origin and development of political parties and their electoral program, their attitude to selected issues, electorate, potential cooperation between themselves and so on. The third part is comparative. The goal of this thesis is to find out whether the analyzed political parties fulfill leftist characteristic. Next goal of this thesis is to find out whether the classification on left-right axis of the political spectrum is still...
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Transformation of the KSČ/M since 1989
Roleček, Hynek ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Transformation and Splitting of the KSČ/M since 1989 The process of transformation of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSČ) and its successor the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) since November 1989 is a unique example of incomplete transformation of the communist party into the non- communist party. The core of this process was the development of the KSČ and the KSČM in 1989-1996. The party following a change in the political system saves in the first free elections in 1990. The party searches possibilities of changes, which culminates into internal referendum in 1991- 1992, when the majority decides to keep the original labelling. The decisive point of the whole process is Congress in Prostějov in June 1993 when the winning faction prevents the radical change and preserves the party. Despite the strong party splitting, which creates a lot of non-communist parties, the KSČM may rely on the solid core of voters in the elections of 1996. It is a signal for the party that the trend starting by KSČM consolidates positions, even offers other options for strengthening. I study the consequences of the transformation of the KSČ/M in my work from several perspectives. We can read an effort for transformation into the party of the democratic type, democratic centralism was rejected. KSČM crystallizes...
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Brazilian Left at the beginning of the 21st Century. From Political Alternative to Cartel of Power?
Němec, Jan ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee) ; Kouba, Karel (referee) ; Fiala, Vlastimil (referee)
The thesis deals with the transformation of the Brazilian Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT). Its aim is to identify reasons for more than a decade interval between the renewal of direct presidential election under the universal suffrage and the victory of the left in a society that is marked by extreme inequality of wealth distribution. The second issue which is covered is how the party managed to consolidate power and keep it for three consecutive terms. Using modified concepts of mass, catch-all and cartel party the author tests the hypothesis that the electoral victory of the left was conditioned by the domination of the leftist side of political spectrum by the PT, as a result of building a mass (program-oriented) party, which subsequently tailored its campaign to focus on centrist voters (shift to the catch-all format, or votes-oriented party). The maintenance of power is based on crafting oversized coalitions with parties across the political spectrum, i.e. including the right-wing parties. However, these coalitions are created only to support government; the Workers' Party never forms electoral coalitions with prominent rightest parties. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the functioning of the so-called coalitional presidentialism, the typologies of current leftist governments in Latin America and also presents the basic elements of the Brazilian political system.
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Left shift in present Latin America
Hájek, Ondřej ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Jeníčková, Martina (referee)
There is a term, the left shift, as a result of election year 2006 in Latin America. Furthermore, Media supported shortly this theory by publishing several articles about restrictions of democracy in some of the countries with new government. The aim of this thesis is to chart the current situation in most of the countries and then to analyze the contemporary political situation in entire Latin America with close-up look at possible restrictions of democracy and civil rights and freedoms. The key question preserves, if this is a whole region tendency or just a matter of few countries.
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