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Advanced remote sensing methods for monitoring of peat bog vegetation in the Krkonoše Mountains
Kulich, Adam ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
Advanced remote sensing methods for monitoring of peat bog vegetation in the Krkonoše Mountains Abstract The goal of the thesis was to create maps of vegetation cover for three peat bogs in Krkonoše National Park (KRNAP, Krkonoše NP) and to propose a method for further efficient mapping of peat bogs in the Krkonoše Mountains in collaboration with Krkonoše NP. The research utilized UAV image data and field botanical data measured by GPS. UAV images were preprocessed using Pix4D Mapper software and features such as canopy height and textures derived from GLCM were added to the resulting orthomosaics. Testing confirmed their usefulness in increasing classification accuracy. A separability analysis was performed, and an algorithm was designed to detect errors in the field data. During the analysis, two classification methods, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were compared. The SVM method achieved the most precise results at Kyselé kouty, where average F-1 score reached 0.957, while the F-1 scores for Hraniční louka and Pančavská louka reached only 0.899 and 0.832 respectively. The overlay analysis demonstrated that the results of the individual methods are consistent, and for Pančavská louka, combining classifiers yielded better accuracy than the individual models. The methods which led to the...
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Forest die-off influence on soil water and temperature regime at experimental plot in the Rašelinový brook catchment (NP Krkonoše)
Vesecká, Martina ; Šípek, Václav (advisor) ; Ouředníček, Petr (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of forest die-off on the soil water and temperature regime at an experimental site in the Krkonoše National Park. The research focuses on a specific site affected by a bark beetle outbreak and compares it to a healthy reference site. Field measurements were conducted from May 16, 2022, to December 31, 2023, including soil moisture, soil temperature, LAI (Leaf Area Index), and hydraulic soil properties. The data were then analyzed and used to create a HYDRUS-1D hydropedological model, which provided estimates for unmeasured variables such as evaporation, transpiration, and water runoff into the subsoil. Based on the modeled data, a comprehensive water balance was constructed for both the die-off site and the healthy forest. The results of this study provide insight into how forest die-off affects the soil water balance and temperature dynamics. The findings highlight the complex interaction between the physiological state of the vegetation, soil conditions, and climatic factors. Key words: soil moisture, soil temperature, bark beetle, Krkonoše, HYDRUS-1D
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Mountain hotel
Vlček, Jan ; Pilný, Ondřej (referee) ; Berková, Petra (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to design a mountain hotel in the village Rokytnice nad Jizernou. The object is placed on a sloping plot located in an attractive touristic and skiing area of mountain range Krkonoše. The mountain hotel has 4 floors and a basement. In the First floor there is a restaurant with a terrace, kitchen and administrative facilities of hotel. In the second and third floor we can find guest rooms and room for the hotel staff. In the basement there is wellness, technical facilities and garage compound. Construction of building is made of the reinforced concrete monolithic transverse frames with beam filling of ceramic block.
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Detection of anthropogenic terrain features in the summit area of the Luční and Studniční hora mountains (Krkonoše) with use of airborne laser scanning data
Krusová, Anna ; Lysák, Jakub (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
The thesis focuses on detection of micrographic features using airborne laser scanning data. The aim of the thesis is to propose a novel method for detecting terrain features and to identify and describe terrain objects corresponding to anthropogenic interventions in the arctic-alpine tundra region in the summit area of the Luční and Studniční hora mountains in the Krkonoše Mountains. Based on existing studies, a new detection method of specific micrographic features was proposed by combining two types of data, i.e. point cloud and its raster representation. Initially, polygon approximations of terrain objects were derived from a digital terrain model, and their spatial delineation was further refined locally using point clouds. The output provides the most complete and accurate polygon delineation of the terrain features to date, considering the available data, the specific characteristics of the area, and in comparison to previously conducted studies. The proposed algorithm has identified hundreds of additional terrain features compared to the reference data. However, this number includes false positive features, which need to be manually eliminated. Key words: airborne laser scanning, micrographic features detection, archaeological prospection, digital terrain model, local relief model, Krkonoše...
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Geometric Aspects of Detecting Grassland Mowing in Krkonoše Mountains Based on Sentinel-1 Coherence
Dvořák, Jakub ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mouratidis, Antonios (referee)
Grassland mowing is a common management practice used in European grasslands for livestock fodder production and to enhance biodiversity. To support a less intensive use of grasslands, public agencies look for a reliable way to monitor the management performed on the grasslands. Satellite remote sensing is a key tool for monitoring over large areas, with SAR remote sensing being especially useful in areas with high cloud cover. However, grassland monitoring using SAR in complex terrain is not fully understood and may come with challenges related to topography and sensor geometry. To explore these potential challenges, this thesis detected mowing events using a high-resolution DEM for precise coregistration and terrain correction of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. Effect of local incidence angle on detection accuracy from interferometric coherence was also explored. The hypotheses were tested on 61 grassland plots in Krkonoše mountains, Czechia. Detection accuracies in this thesis were higher than in previous studies when only considering SAR detections. The improvement was most likely caused by counting detections from individual orbits to assess the certainty of each detection. A deeper analysis showed that using a high-resolution DEM led to a horizontal shift in computed coherence, but the shift had no...
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Changes in residential tourism in Spain, Finland and Czechia
Breza, Marián ; Fialová, Dana (advisor) ; Štolcová, Kristýna (referee)
Recreational apartment houses are considered a new trend of second homes, which started to fully develop in Czechia in the 1990s. The first houses appeared at the end of the 20th century in mountain resorts, such as in the Krkonoše Mountains or Šumava. Compared to traditional chalets and cottages, apartment houses are better furnished and offer greater comfort to the users. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the development of residential tourism in Spain, Finland and Czechia (with a primary focus on recreational apartment houses). The question of the consequences of the global economic crisis (in the case of Spain and Czechia) and the covid-19 pandemic (in the case of Finland and Czechia) for residential tourism is discussed. The importance of apartment dwellings as one of the integral parts of unoccupied dwellings is discussed on the basis of graphical outputs. KEY WORDS residential tourism, recreational apartment house, new trends in second homes, economic crisis, pandemic covid-19, Krkonoše
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Testing possibilities to extract selected landscape characteristics for description of indication-relevant bird species habitats in the Krkonoše Mts. from remote sensing data
Polák, Mojmír ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis uses remote sensing data from two spatial scales (Sentinel-2 with a 10 x 10 m pixel and PlanetScope 3 x 3 m. It explores the possibilities of extracting selected landscape characteristics (spectral indices, land cover type, landscape metrics). In order to evaluate which characteristics and at what scale are statistically significant for the occurrence of 23 selected bird species, species richness in quadrats and the number of species of the order Passeriformes in the Krkonoše Mountains. Data on species occurrence were mapped in the year 2012-2014 The strength of the relationship between characteristics and abundance was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. It could not be confirmed that data with higher spatial resolution would be more beneficial for extracting landscape characteristics. Overall, the landscape characteristics did not prove functional relationships for all selected species, but for some species, species richness, and order of Passeriformes, the assumption of elevation and land cover as important factors was confirmed. Land cover was analysed using the Random Forest supervised classification method in Google Earth Engine with an overall accuracy of 78 % for Sentinel-2 data, both in tundra and in the rest of the area, and 77 % for PlanetScoce data in tundra, 66...
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Relationship between leaf biochemistry, physiology and specie's competitiveness in selected grasses of relict tundra in Krkonoše Mts.
Mamula, Petr Martin ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
The Krkonoše (Giant Mountains) Arcto-Alpine Tundra is an area that is part of the Krkonoše National Park with a unique ecosystem and biodiversity. In history, this area was very fundamentally influenced by the intervention of man, who farmed here and thus caused the creation of today's rare matgrass (Nardus stricta L.) meadow ecosystem. Thanks to the low growth and sparse foliage of the matgrass, many other plant species grow in these matgrass meadows, which are often endemic and protected by the law. In recent years, however, the matgrass has been overgrown by other grasses, such as the hairy reed grass (Calamagrostis villosa J.F. Gmelin), which, due to its taller growth and dense canopy covering the surface, does not allow the growth of rare species such as matgrass. Therefore, the aim of this work was for matgrass (N. stricta) and three other selected species of grasses - tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.), moor grass (Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench) and hairy reed grass (C. villosa), to identify, based on biochemical, structural and physiological foliar parameters, a parameter or a combination of parameters that could give competing fennel grasses a competitive advantage. Field research and collection of foliage samples, for subsequent laboratory processing, took place in...
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