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Solidarity Surcharge in Germany
Le, Le Phuong ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šmidrkal, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the solidarity surcharge in Germany. The surcharge was first introduced in 1991 in order to finance the costs of the German reunification and to bridge the gap between states of western and eastern Germany. The surcharge was originally intended to be temporary for one year only, however, due to higher fiscal costs the solidarity surcharge was reintroduced in 1995. It was compulsory for all taxpayers until the end of 2020. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain why the solidarity surcharge was abolished right at the beginning of 2021. To answer this question, two initial hypotheses have been defined. First, the states of eastern Germany have reached the same economic level as the western ones. In this part of the research, the thesis discusses mainly the financial strength of the states, which is demonstrated by the example of the equalisation payments. Second, the national economic situation of the Federal Republic of Germany made it possible to abolish the solidarity surcharge without negatively affecting public finances. To verify this theory, the German state budgets are examined and then confronted with the revenue from the solidarity surcharge. Furthermore, the thesis also covers the public debate on the introduction and subsequent abolition of the...
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"Die Wende" as milestone in the German literature. Analysis and comparison of chosen works
Zieris, Martin ; Bučková, Tamara (advisor) ; Markvartová, Eva (referee)
This thesis introduces chosen works of contemporary German literature, which connects the historical milestone "Wende". The analysed authors and works are Claudia Rusch - Aufbau Ost, Ingo Schulze - Simple Storys, Yadé Kara - Selam Berlin and Wladimir Kaminer - Russendisko. It is an interdisciplinary literary-historical thesis, which compares the literary fiction (use of single literary tools) with the historical reality and its adaptation in technical publications. The historical insight and the inclusion of chosen works to the contemporary developmental trends of literature represent the theoretical introduction of thesis. The actual analysis of two pairs of writers and their works (Rusch - Schulze and Kara - Kaminer) takes the authors origin into consideration, mentions shortly their biography and relation to the work. The structural analysis of works follows, with the focus on literary interpretation of social and political events of the year 1989. The goal of the thesis was to point out the historical context, which determines understanding of analysed literary works. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The German Hauptstadtfrage Bonn versus Berlin : The Decision about the Government and Parliament Seat of the Re-United Germany
Báčová, Tereza ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mynaříková, Romana (referee)
The conflicted question of German political capital has been discussed on numerous times. Its most dramatic time came when it got bound by the ideological and territorial turmoils during the Cold War era of the 20th century. Nevertheless, it was the end of iron-separated country and its reunification in 1990 which reignited the topic and forced Germany to make this essential decision about its metropolis and soon to be the seat of the government for good. Presented thesis "Die deutsche Hauptstadtfrage Bonn versus Berlin; Der Beschluss über den Regierungs- und Parlamentssitz des vereinten Deutschlands" deals with this German inner political debate about the political capital in its so far the last stage, where two candidates Bonn and Berlin had a run for it. The perspective of gradual evolution of the debate from its beginning in year 1989 is used to clarify the final decision and a vote to make Berlin the capital city as well as the seat of the united government and the parliament. Thesis concludes, that there was a number of crucial factors which played their part even prior to the vote for Berlin (Unification Agreement, political power of some prominent politicians, compromise bill of the Berlin Party etc.) as well as it was the very strong rhetorical, argumentative and emotional power shown by Berlin's...
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Concept of Privatization and Restructuring by the Treuhandanstalt, discourse about Mr. Rohwedder and Mrs. Breuel
Myslivcová, Michaela ; Mlsna, Petr (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis "Concept of Privatization and Restructuring by the Treuhandanstalt, discourse about Mr. Rohwedder and Mrs. Breuel" deals with the creation of the Eastern German privatization agency (THA). Further, the two major tasks of the institute, privatization and reorganization of the national wealth of the GDR, are being analyzed. After the "Treuhandgesetz" (privatization law) had been enforced, the THA soon started to sell companies out of their portfolio. Other companies needed to be shut down and people started to lose their employment. This course of action was heavily criticized by the political opposition as well as the Eastern German people, who were longing for increased wealth. In consequence, the THA started to shift its focus from privatization to reorganization. The controversy surrounding the THA in the middle of the reunification process of Germany is shown by the assassination of Mr. Rohwedder by the terrorist organization RAF. The net financial outcome after four years of management by the THA is a deficit of 200 billion DM.
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"Die Wende" as milestone in the German literature. Analysis and comparison of chosen works
Zieris, Martin ; Bučková, Tamara (advisor) ; Markvartová, Eva (referee)
This thesis introduces chosen works of contemporary German literature, which connects the historical milestone "Wende". The analysed authors and works are Claudia Rusch - Aufbau Ost, Ingo Schulze - Simple Storys, Yadé Kara - Selam Berlin and Wladimir Kaminer - Russendisko. It is an interdisciplinary literary-historical thesis, which compares the literary fiction (use of single literary tools) with the historical reality and its adaptation in technical publications. The historical insight and the inclusion of chosen works to the contemporary developmental trends of literature represent the theoretical introduction of thesis. The actual analysis of two pairs of writers and their works (Rusch - Schulze and Kara - Kaminer) takes the authors origin into consideration, mentions shortly their biography and relation to the work. The structural analysis of works follows, with the focus on literary interpretation of social and political events of the year 1989. The goal of the thesis was to point out the historical context, which determines understanding of analysed literary works. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The German Hauptstadtfrage Bonn versus Berlin : The Decision about the Government and Parliament Seat of the Re-United Germany
Báčová, Tereza ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mynaříková, Romana (referee)
The conflicted question of German political capital has been discussed on numerous times. Its most dramatic time came when it got bound by the ideological and territorial turmoils during the Cold War era of the 20th century. Nevertheless, it was the end of iron-separated country and its reunification in 1990 which reignited the topic and forced Germany to make this essential decision about its metropolis and soon to be the seat of the government for good. Presented thesis "Die deutsche Hauptstadtfrage Bonn versus Berlin; Der Beschluss über den Regierungs- und Parlamentssitz des vereinten Deutschlands" deals with this German inner political debate about the political capital in its so far the last stage, where two candidates Bonn and Berlin had a run for it. The perspective of gradual evolution of the debate from its beginning in year 1989 is used to clarify the final decision and a vote to make Berlin the capital city as well as the seat of the united government and the parliament. Thesis concludes, that there was a number of crucial factors which played their part even prior to the vote for Berlin (Unification Agreement, political power of some prominent politicians, compromise bill of the Berlin Party etc.) as well as it was the very strong rhetorical, argumentative and emotional power shown by Berlin's...
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Internal Westward Migration in Germany: 1989-1994
Hubbard, Amy ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dimitrov, Michal (referee)
Internal Westward Migration in Germany: 1989-1994 Amy Hubbard Abstract: Contemporary German history has been beleaguered with political, social, and economic upheaval, the consequences of which have led to its modern day composition. One such consequence of Germany's past is the problem of internal westward migration between 1989 and 1994. This analysis looks at the political, social, and economic factors that have led to the increase of internal westward migration from the states of the former German Democratic Republic to the states of the former Federal Republic of Germany. The political, social, and economic developments of the German Democratic Republic combined with the reunification process have led to a feeling of insecurity in the east. People with a strong sense of political, social, or economic insecurity will have a stronger propensity to migration to a stable environment. A variety of governmental programs have been developed to quell the problem but they have been widely unsuccessful. Additionally, there have been a series of negative consequences caused by the existence of internal westward migration on such a scale, such as, the rise of extremist parties in the eastern states of German
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Fiscal Equalization in Germany.
Mynaříková, Romana ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
The thesis "Financial Equalization of German Federal States - a Key German Domestic Political Issue of the Turn of the Millennium" describes one of the most important elements of the German financial system, which has been in place since 1950s. It has its constitutional justification in the principle that citizens cannot be treated differently by the government simply because they live in different parts of the federation (article 107 of the German Constitution). The fiscal equalization exists in the form of redistribution of tax revenue (individual and corporate income tax and turnover tax) primarily according to the size of the population in each German state (Bundesland). It takes place vertically between the federation and individual states and simultaneously horizontally among states themselves. The "Länderfinanzausgleich", interstate horizontal fiscal equalization among the Länder, is certainly the main factor of interregional solidarity in Germany. Without central government's intervention, it organizes the horizontal redistribution of fiscal revenues among the Länder, including the five new Länder since 1995. The operating mechanisms are quite complex. Since the amount of money, which the rich states have to pass on to the poorer states, is enormous, the financial equalization became one of...
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Position of the reunited Germany in the EU budget
Kurečková, Anna ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Machytka, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explain the position of Germany and its federal states in the European Union budget. The thesis analyses the macroeconomic conditions of the reunited Germany. Simultaneously, it also describes the current competitiveness of Germany by analysing the Global Competitiveness Index, measured by the World Economic Forum. The resulting analysis is applied to the budget of the European Union, its revenues and expenditures from the perspective of Germany and its federal states. Great emphasis is placed on the persisting differences between the old and the new federal states.
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Evaluation of the convergence of the economic level of Western and Eastern Germany
Urbařová, Veronika ; Taušer, Josef (advisor) ; Černá, Iveta (referee)
The aim of this work is the determination of the causes why the Eastern German economy is, in comparison with the Western Germany, on the lower level in spite of milliard grants, what are the causes of mass unemployment and whether the contemporary condition follows the resolutions of the year 1990. The first part of my work deals with the negotiations about creation of the united Germany and about consequent results, primarily those of economic, social and financial union. I mention briefly the role of the EG in the whole process. In the second chapter I describe the state of economy of the former DDR and the after-unification measures that where drawn to improve the situation. Then I deal with the phenomenon of ostalgy and with detailed economic development from the 1990s until today. In the final part of this part I introduce the reader with the German way of privatization helped by the Treuhandanstalt privatization agency. In the third chapter I deal individually with the areas where the East is behind the West -- structural insufficiencies, questionable innovative industry, low intensity of establishing of new companies and low inflow of investments, demographic progression, unemployment, salary conditions and indebtedness. In the fourth chapter I compare the New Länder with other problematic regions in Europe and with the countries of CEE. In the fifth chapter the differences among individual Länder are introduced by the macro-economic data. The sixth chapter deals with the questions about transfer payments that flow from the West to the East, and finally the seventh chapter which introduces the perspectives to the future and suggests the alternatives for improvement of contemporary condition and for establishing a new direction.
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