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Autocratization outbreaks: the Polish and Hungarian responses to the Covid-19 pandemic and their early effects on democracy in comparison to Italy
Nunes Vidal, Igor ; Orzechowska-Wacławska, Joanna (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic demanded a strong and firm state response in order to curb the unprecedented, multilevel crisis caused by the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The arrival of the virus in the EU in early 2020, including the terrible Italian first-wave outbreak, incited the primacy of health and life over any other right or freedom. Although understandable, this scenario raised concerns over the possibility of instrumentalization of the pandemic by the populist governments, given the affinity between the rise of populism discourse and practices in the event, or narrative, of crisis. With consideration of the conditions of the rule of law in the European Union, the quasi-autocracies of Poland and Hungary become interesting research objects. The present work describes these countries' measures and analyses their legality and compliance to the rule of law, together with considerations to the impact of said measures upon these countries' democratic institutions. Furthermore, the same operation will be performed for the Italian scenario, which leads to a comparison to be made between the three countries' pandemic managements, and, ultimately, a comparison between the Central-Eastern European populism and Western European populism. Due to the novelty of the subject, there is a lack of work on the...
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The European Commission as an actor during the crises solutions
Čermák, Miroslav ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
More than ten years after the largest economic crisis, which stroke the European Union in 2008 and thoroughly tested its readiness and ability to act, Europe was hit by a global pandemic of COVID-19. Because of this crisis, the European Union and its institutions faced a number of challenges, stemming from unprecedented measures imposed to tackle it. In contrast with the economic crisis, it was not only the European industrial and financial sectors but also more segments, essential to the functioning of the European Union itself, which were affected by the recent crisis. The aim of this thesis is to point out the differences of impacts of the two crisis and to find out the role played by the European Commission during the process of dealing with them.
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Hybrid governance in Latin America : A case study of the response of Mexican criminal syndicates to the COVID-19 pandemic
Natale, Maria Fabiana ; Berg, Julie (advisor) ; Dowd, Caitriona (referee)
Hybrid governance in Latin America A case study of the response of Mexican criminal syndicates to the COVID-19 pandemic Wordcount: 20282 International Master in Security Intelligence and Strategic Studies 2409572N 29/07/2021 Abstract In the academia, long dominated by a Western state-centric approach, the idea of the coexistence of different orders of social domination emerged in the nineties. It set the premises for the academic literature on hybrid governance. This research area is very recent and still developing. Hence, the fields of application of this concept in the academic literature are diverse but still too limited. Therefore, this dissertation arises from the consideration that it would be interesting to further investigate the applicability of this under-exploited notion. In particular, it looks at criminal organizations in Latin America through the case study of Mexican drug cartels amid the pandemic. This case presents the key characteristics of hybridity, hence making it a relevant tool to analyze it. The finding of the possibility of the applicability of hybrid governance as an analytical lens to understand Mexican drug cartels during the pandemic suggests the possibility to expand the field of application of this concept. It leads to a broader reflection on hybrid governance schemes with...
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Substance use by clients of the outreach program NO BIOHAZARD during the COVID 19 pandemic
Nováková, Tereza ; Chomynová, Pavla (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to map the patterns of substance abuse among clients of the outreach program No biohazard. The work aims to find out how and whether these patterns of use changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit the Czech Republic in early March 2020. Due to the global breadth of the pandemic, impacts and restrictions have affected almost all areas of human functioning. One of these areas was also the drug market. This study addresses how the restrictions associated with the pandemic affected the availability, price and quality of substances used among clients and whether during the pandemic the interest of outreach program clients in professional assistance such as treatment or counseling or substitution treatment increased. Research questions also ask about the availability of clean injection material and outreach programs during a pandemic. The study results serve as feedback on the functioning of the field program during the pandemic. I collected data for the purposes of the bachelor's thesis in a questionnaire survey among clients of the outreach program from March to June 2021. For the purposes of the survey, I created a questionnaire containing 23 questions focusing on current patterns of substance use and drug market changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. I...
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Populism and the Covid-19 Pandemic in Latin America: A Case study of Brazil
Ernst, Luna Antonella ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Institute of Political Science Department of Geopolitical Studies Master's Thesis Populism and the Covid-19 Pandemic in Latin America: A Case Study of Brazil Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic confronted the world with a global health crisis like never before. Unlike some countries which were able to manage the crisis with little loss, some countries failed. This thesis offers an extensive analyses Brazil's Covid-19 response with a primary focus on President Bolsonaro's populist nature. It aims to discover a correlation between the political leadership style of populism and poor Covid-19 management in Brazil. In order to accomplish that, the two concepts of medical populism and the performance of crisis have been applied to the case study, by investigating Bolsonaro's social media presence and public statements. The results displayed that Bolsonaro attempted to perform a crisis by simplifying the crisis and propagating his performance, but untimely failed to successfully perform the crisis. In addition, the results also indicate that Bolsonaro exercised medical populism by attempting to pit the people against the establishment and creating a dramatic and spectacular depiction of a public health crisis. Ultimately, the research will conclude that Bolsonaro's...
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The role of video app Zoom and its influence on users during the COVID-19
Pavlíková, Eliška ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on early beginnings of a video conferencing platform Zoom, its development and enormous rise during the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease, and on its influence on users. It focuses particularly on millennials who are already familiar with this kind of technology. The aim of this work is primarily to determine the effects of Zoom, as a video conferencing platform, on user's activities because they were used to perform them in a physical contact with other people. However, due to restrictions resulting from epidemiological measures, participants were forced to move their activities to the online environment. The thesis focuses on answering these research questions: How do people's behaviour, perception of the situation and their self-presentation change when using Zoom in comparison to a face-to-face meeting? How have the activities of users changed while using Zoom, due to COVID-19, namely March to December 2020? How and for what reasons do users use Zoom? How do users perceive Zoom's affordances? In order to answer these questions, qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews. These were attended by ten respondents who regularly use Zoom for a certain activity that was carried out in personal before the pandemic. Respondents were millennials,...
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Changes in communication strategies among people with hearing disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kamienová, Barbora ; Hradilová, Tereza (advisor) ; Hádková, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on individuals with hearing impairment and changes in their communication since the COVID-19 pandemic arrived and consequential safety measures were imposed. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the terminology and areas, which are necessary in order to understand the given issue, are defined. The first chapter is mostly concerned with defining hearing, hearing impairment and various approaches to people with hearing impairment. The second chapter introduces a general view on interpersonal communication, particular communication characteristics of people with hearing impairment and choices they have which can help them communicating with the rest of the society. The third chapter describes a situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and the safety measures which may have had an adverse impact on individuals with hearing impairment. The main goal of the practical part is to find out whether the communication of people with hearing impairment changed in regard to the pandemic and in what circumstances it may have been so. Other research inquiries are focused on usability and reliability of services providing support for people with HI. These are attempting to find out whether the services are more necessary than...
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