|
|
The Cyber Social Phenomenon of Doxing: An Examination of Hong Kong's Anti-doxing Law
Ung, Siev Thean ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Erkomaishvili, David (oponent)
1 Abstract Doxing is a relatively new practice and phenomenon that emerged within the cyberspace, and there have been limited studies providing insights into this practice, especially concerning the legal measures available to address this practice. Hong Kong has recently experienced a widespread doxing phenomenon in light of social unrests stemming from the 2019 protest movement, and as a response, has introduced a legislative amendment to address this issue. This research paper aims to investigate and examine doxing and its effects in Hong Kong, as well as to investigate and understand how doxing is legally addressed in Hong Kong. It specifically examines the legislative text of the 2021 Amendment as well as other governmental publications in order to answer to three research questions: 1) What are the challenges that doxing posed to law enforcement?; 2) How has doxing in Hong Kong been addressed by the 2021 Amendment?; and 3) What are law enforcement's response to doxing after legal measures were introduced to address doxing? This research study observed the challenges that law enforcement faced before the 2021 Amendment, legal measures that were introduced, and how law enforcement responded to doxing after the 2021 Amendment. These points serve as a basis for discussion on the literature on doxing and...
|
|
|
The UN, peacekeeping, and the troubled concept of intelligence: A comparative case study on the UN understandings of intelligence
Freriks, Jelle ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Kilroy, Walt (oponent)
When then UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld expressed his desire to ensure the UN would refrain from any intelligence, few questioned his words. Having been founded upon the wishes to make something right in a world haunted by the millions that perished in conflict not long before, the idea of the UN engaging in intelligence was not acceptable to an organisation that stood for the rights of all people instead of the interests of the few. But the world is changing and conflicts are becoming ever more complex. The UN cannot afford to ignore the concept, something the organisation realised after the horrors of the 90s. The genocides and famine of the early post-Cold War era have opened the floor for a strong discussion on intelligence. Using a generic peacekeeping missions of each of the three different peacekeeping generations - UNPROFOR, MINUSTAH, and MINUSMA - this thesis examines how the understanding of intelligence as a concept has transformed at the UN. It examines key policy documents on conflicting state and UN interests; looks at differences between the strategic and operational level; and researches the key methods used by the UN during peacekeeping missions. This research argues that the UN has developed its own understanding of intelligence in a parallel way to that of intelligence...
|
|
|
Contemporary conceptualisations of anti-drug efforts in Central Asia
Supueva, Zarina ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Connolly, Catherine (oponent) ; Aslan, Emil (oponent)
Since the end of the Cold War, the security agenda has shifted from a strictly state-centric focus to one focusing on protecting individuals and the international community. The nature of the new security threats has challenged national security, thus encouraging joint regional and international cooperation. One of the significant risks posed to security is the rapid proliferation of organised crime, which entails a variety of different activities that pose a danger humankind. With illicit trafficking being a substantial financial resource for organised crime groups, along with the significant societal and health risks of illegal drugs, this paper focuses on one of the main trafficking routes from Afghanistan, the world's leading opium producer, to Central Asia. While the number of known trafficking routes is always changing, there are several general routes that are used to smuggle Afghan drugs, the Balkan, Northern, and Southern routes. Since becoming independent in the 1990s, the Central Asian countries are still in the development stages of both establishing their legal systems and exercising effective policies, while at the same time being challenged by chronic economic underdevelopment, high levels of corruption, and transnational threats. Thus, this research will study anti-drug efforts in...
|
|
|
Civilian Nuclear Energy Adoption in Sub Saharan Africa: A Human Security-Based Thematic Analysis of the Discourse on Nuclear Power Production adoption in Ghana
Mwenda, Lewis Kimathi ; Střítecký, Vít (vedoucí práce) ; Schlotti, Jivanta (oponent) ; Berg, Julie (oponent)
[Civilian Nuclear Energy Adoption in Sub Saharan Africa: A Human Security-based Thematic Analysis of the Discourse on Nuclear Power Production adoption in Ghana] ABSTRACT This research paper will explore the different theoretical frameworks gathered from different academic backgrounds that guide and explain the role, function and impact of technological advancement, energy security and nuclear power production. It will note the significance of the 'public sphere' and discourse therein which signifies an energy transition. Further, it will propose a security based theoretical framework as an a priori basis for a thematic analysis of the discourse of nuclear power production adoption in Ghana. It addresses the general question of technological innovation and its relation to society beginning with a traditional view of technological determinism, social determinism and a more complex understanding of socio-energy systems. The paper takes a nod to the complex relational aspects in the technology lifecycle from inception to implementation. It contends that energy transitions therefore require apt participation from all corners of society and ought not to be treated as policy 'black-box, but a process that can be opened up for scrutiny by the public. Moreover, the presentation of these ideas proposes that civilian...
|
|
|
Police Militarisation and its Implications for Policing and Crime Prevention in South Africa
Rains, Coleman Dunham ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Ludvík, Jan (oponent) ; Biagini, Erika (oponent)
The purpose of this study is to explore police militarisation, specifically in South Africa and its South African Police Service (SAPS) since their remilitarisation in 2010. The study utilises Peter Kraska's militarisation continuum as the framework to assess how the SAPS have, or have not, militarised since 2010. To conduct this research, this study is designed as an exploratory approach that utilises a case study, document and literature analysis, and secondary data set analysis as its methodologies. The findings reveal evidence of further militarisation of the SAPS according to the operational, organisational, and cultural indicators of Kraska's militarisation continuum. The findings of further militarisation, according to these indicators, include incongruity between South African government documents and what is put in practice regarding police militarisation and community policing; new and re-established paramilitary units; a weakened stance on the SAPS' use of lethal force and of the capabilities of independent oversight bodies; and an evolving strategy towards repeated, national-scale high-density militarised operations by the SAPS. These findings of further militarisation are accompanied by evidence of less militarisation according to the fourth metric of Kraska's continuum, the material...
|
|
|
Hybrid Governance in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Voloskyi, Glib Artemovich ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (oponent) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
The hybrid governance theory has facilitated the shift beyond the state-centric perspective on security governance. Yet the theory has never been tested under the conditions absent from an active or recent military conflict. It tends to neglect the relations between the state and non- state security actors and superfluously praises non-state and hybrid security orders. The paper elaborates on these academic gaps. Based on secondary data, it investigates hybrid security governance in South Africa. The paper demonstrates that hybrid security governance can exist in a non-conflict setting. It discusses the patterns of the emergence of non-state security actors, their relations with the population and the state. The findings are found to be consistent with the hybrid governance theory, though there are a number of peculiar features. Additional studies on hybrid governance in a non-conflict setting will help to distinguish the features of South African hybrid security from the general logic of hybrid security governance in a non-conflict setting.
|
|
|
Western arms transfers, the tension between an ethical foreign policy and national interests
Michelot, Anne-Lise ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Murphy, Karl (oponent) ; Hynek, Nikola (oponent)
The post-Cold War era has been marked by a surge of conventional arms regulation initiatives, driven by logics of Human Security and the will for global improvement of human rights and the human condition worldwide. Western states, carried by new ethical foreign policies, but also internal pressures from civil society, greatly contributed to the inclusion of humanitarian considerations in world politics. These have spread to enter the real of arms exportations, until then part of every states' sovereign right. In addition to treaties banning the use and exportation of certain inhumane weapons, the most remarkable innovation was the creation of an Arms Trade Treaty in 2013, with the aim to regulate the trade of all conventional weapons. Under this regime, states are expected to apply caution and restraint when engaging in this business. In particular, risk assessment regarding the conflict and humanitarian condition in the receiving state must be conducted before exportations can be authorised. These developments of arms regulations correspond with the policy discourse adopted by Western states during the same period, which would imply that they would be the first to join, apply and promote them. However, there is a gap between discourse and practice, highlighted particularly by NGOs, which are...
|
|
|
Hybrid governance in Latin America : A case study of the response of Mexican criminal syndicates to the COVID-19 pandemic
Natale, Maria Fabiana ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
Hybrid governance in Latin America A case study of the response of Mexican criminal syndicates to the COVID-19 pandemic Wordcount: 20282 International Master in Security Intelligence and Strategic Studies 2409572N 29/07/2021 Abstract In the academia, long dominated by a Western state-centric approach, the idea of the coexistence of different orders of social domination emerged in the nineties. It set the premises for the academic literature on hybrid governance. This research area is very recent and still developing. Hence, the fields of application of this concept in the academic literature are diverse but still too limited. Therefore, this dissertation arises from the consideration that it would be interesting to further investigate the applicability of this under-exploited notion. In particular, it looks at criminal organizations in Latin America through the case study of Mexican drug cartels amid the pandemic. This case presents the key characteristics of hybridity, hence making it a relevant tool to analyze it. The finding of the possibility of the applicability of hybrid governance as an analytical lens to understand Mexican drug cartels during the pandemic suggests the possibility to expand the field of application of this concept. It leads to a broader reflection on hybrid governance schemes with...
|
|
|
Friends, rivals, foes: The private sector and online vigilantism impact on police cyber capabilities
McDonald, Chloe Ann ; Bureš, Oldřich (vedoucí práce) ; Berg, Julie (oponent)
Friends, Rivals, Foes: The Private Sector and Online Vigilantism Impact on Police Cyber Capabilities August 2021 University of Glasgow #: 2468006m Dublin City University #: 19108682 Charles Prague University #: 75713277 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 21,997 Supervisor: Prof. Oldrich Bureš Date of Submission: August 2nd , 2021 Abstract Cybercrimes and the evolution of new technologies have brought with them an expansion and change within the policing structures that govern cyberspace. Thus, the different nodes of governance in the virtual environment were broken down and identified; as per the scope of this research the key categories explored were law enforcement agencies, private industries, and online vigilantes. Questions pertaining to the regulatory scope and capabilities of these groups in cyberspace where then analysed, focusing on some clear links and connections that have previously been largely ignored by scholars, policy makers and other researching bodies. The purpose of this research study was to demonstrate how the different nodes of governance work to achieve the deterrence what are considered of lower-tier cybercrimes. Different case studied were critically analysed to...
|
|
|
Corporate social responsibility: The case of extractive and energy multinationals in sites of contested governance
Couchellou, Alexis ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Biagini, Erika (oponent)
[Corporate Social Responsibility: The case of extractive and energy multinationals in sites of contested governance] [July 2021] [2486710C] [19108419] [99409106] Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 21,869 (Total: 23,905) Supervisor: Dr. Julie Berg Date of Submission: 25th , July 2021 Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept that has been constantly evolving since the 1950s. The notion of CSR has been the subject of various and varied studies allowing for new approaches and definitions. The concept appeared late in the literature related to the extractive industry. This emergence of the term has allowed the development of CSR policies by multinational companies operating in the extractive industry. This paper provides a lexicometric analysis of Total Energies' 2018 CSR report. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that the French Group, through its CSR reports, attempts to legitimise its actions and projects. These results allowed us to propose recommendations focused on a new approach to stakeholders.
|
host ::
RSS.