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The repatriation of Czechs and Slovakians into Czechoslovakia after the First World War
Lacko, Miroslav ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
The topic of my work was The Repatriation of Czechs and Slovaks into Czechoslovakia after the First World War. I describe the years 1918 - 1923 in Central Europe, specifically in Czechoslovakia and in other new succession states after Austria-Hungary. My work is divided into 4 different chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter describes the First World War and its consequences for Central European region. It also describes economic problems in succession states, the changes of territory, situation in Czechoslovakia after 1918 and it characterizes population in key countries (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria and Poland) for my topic. The second chapter is focused on Czechoslovakia. It shortly explains reasons of emigration and immigration of Czechs and Slovaks before and also after the First World War. It describes factors which have big influence on repatriation in Czechoslovakia (for example land reform). The third and fourth chapters analyze materials from archives. They present a lot of very concrete examples of repatriation process (lack of housing, problems with citizenship, unemployment). It points at importance of state executive institutions for repatriation process. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry Social Security and...
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Youth press in 1945-1948
Neradová, Alžběta ; Cebe, Jan (advisor) ; Köpplová, Barbara (referee)
The diploma thesis "Youth press in 1945 - 1948" focuses on the historical context of the time period after the WWII, the political parties of the National front and a brief description of press focusing on the youth organizations within political parties and the SČM (Union of Czech youth) titles. After the WWII young people have spontaneously created SČM, which was meant to be non-partisan base for all young people, regardless of political or religious beliefs. But SČM was often the cause of conflicts between the political parties of the National front. Young people were an important group of voters for all parties and thus, with the exception of the Communists, who liked the idea of a one united association, sooner or later all the political parties started to fight for their own youth unions. An important role in this struggle played their youth press: Mladý socialista (social democratic youth), Mladé proudy (national socialistic youth), Vývoj (Christian democratic youth) and as the opposite Mladá fronta (journal of the Union of Czech youth). In the individual titles can be watched ideological struggle and escalating rivalry not only between parties, but especially between the parties and the SČM, which was slowly becoming the organization in the hands of the Communists.
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Karel Kramář, Roman Dmowski and Russia
Eidrnová, Markéta ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Švec, Luboš (referee)
The thesis introduces the comparison of political approaches of Karel Kramář and Roman Dmowski towards Russia or rather towards the Russian factor. At the beginning of the 20th century these two politicians from the national-democratic circles decided independently of each other to look for a help in order to achieve independence of their nations within Russia. They were not lead only by objective reasons because Russia seemed to be the most acceptable and the most appropriate variant but also by subjective feelings, like for example their antagonism towards Germans and Germany itself or in case of Karel Kramář his affection for anything Russian. The Russian factor did not disappear from their conceptions even after the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia and Poland and it continued to be a permanent part of these conceptions. Kramář was faithful to his idea of future democratic Russia and the Slavic federation headed by this new Russia and even the Bolshevik Revolution could change his mind. Kramář assumed that Czechoslovakia could only be permanently safe by the union with democratic Russia. Although Kramář laid more emphasis on the Russian factor than Dmowski, Russia did not lose its importance for Dmowski. However, the importance gradually declined after the creation of independent...
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Art magazine Kvart: Collection of poetry and science in the 1930s and 1940s of the 20th century
Šeda, Petr ; Pech, Milan (advisor) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee)
Art magazine Kvart: Collection of poetry and science in the 1930s and 1940s of the 20th century The Abstract of my Bachelor thesis is thorough both formal and content analysis of Kvart periodical, which used to be published in the period of 30s and 40s in Czechoslovakia. Yet there hasn't been any art historical study devoted to it, although it is probably one of the highest-quality periodical publication of that focus in its time in Czechoslovakia. With its contents Kvart used to offer to its readers such topics like Surrealism, Architecture of Functionalism or Modernist Abstract art combined together with high-quality poetry and literature selection. However no forgetting values of the past decades it was connecting them with contemporary texts and reviewed the past for its actual time. On its pages there were progressively shaped ideas of Vít Obrtel's architectual Neo- constuctivism or "absolut art" theories promoted especially by Václav Navrátil's philosophical essays. The highlight of his work in 30s was an arrangement of the exhibition, in which, among other things, he presented one of the first abstract painting group of artists in Czechoslovakia. After pause forced by War times Kvart was restored in 1945. It again attempted to be independent, open minded modern periodical, which didn't want to be...
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Landscape motive in the work of Alfred Justitz
Stárková, Anna ; Pech, Milan (advisor) ; Bendová, Eva (referee)
Landscape motive in the work of Alfred Justitz The object of observation of the thesis Landscape motive in the work of Alfred Justitz is the landscape motive in Alfred Justitz's paintings and drawings. It introduces the personality of Alfred Justitz (1879˗1934), a member of the former generation of the Czechoslovakian modern art. Through the motive of landscape, which is present in almost all periods of his creative life, it brings out his artistic ideals regarding life and art in a broad historical and cultural context. Based on sources and textbooks it chronologically divides Justitz's work in four stages, that feature some common things and sources of inspiration. The purpose of the thesis is to introduce Alfred Justitz as an important landscape painter within Czech avantgarde circle.
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The Position of the Czechoslovakia Senate in the Political System in the First Republic
Kouřimský, Jan ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to show the life and functioning of the Senate of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia. The upper house of the Czechoslovak Parliament functioned between 1920 and 1939 after which it was officially dissolved during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In the concerned period, the chamber was gradually saw 444 lawmakers of seven different nationalities. The biggest number consisted of Czechs and Germans. The functioning of the Senate is analyzed from multiple angles. First the debate accompanying the establishment of a second chamber before the adoption of the new Constitution in 1920 is analyzed. Attention is also paid to the period debates and unrealized proposals for a Senate reform at the end the 1920's, linked to the proposed creation of the Economic Parliament. Also shown is the proportional representation electoral system used for elections to the Senate. The results were reflected in a large number of political parties with low electoral gains, which in turn hindered the creation of a stable political environment. The thesis considers the party, ethnic, social, intellectual and oratory activities of individual senators. The lives of some of the lawmakers who held seats in the upper chamber in the First Republic and were negatively affected by the German...
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Comparison of the Czechoslovak 1st and 2nd republic from the point of view of the theory of authoritarian regimes by Juan J. Linz
Svoboda, Ladislav ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kubát, Michal (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with pair of domestic regimes known as the second and third | Czechoslovakian republic. The choice of these periods of the national history was conditioned by a relative absence of comparative political scientific works on these periods and by timelessness and topicality of the studying of domestic regimes, that refused the idea of a liberal democracy twice in ten years. The goal of the diploma thesis is to analyze, compare and categorize the second and the third Czechoslovakian republic in the framework provided by the theory of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes by Juan J. Linz. In the first part the thesis describes the theoretical framework of the theory of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes with stress on the theory of authoritarian regimes, as it is the assumption of the thesis, that both the second and the third republic were cases of authoritarian regimes. The other parts of theory which deal with totalitarian and sultanistic regimes are only briefly mentioned. In the second part of the thesis there is an analysis and comparison of both regimes based on three research questions. In this part the thesis deals with the relationship of both studied regimes with the first republic and their relationship with a liberal democracy, then it deals with the very analysis in...
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Women before the Extraordinary people's court in Most and Plzeň in 1945-1947
Přibík, Adam ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Kvaček, Robert (referee)
This diploma thesis is about the post-war retribution on all its levels, from international military tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo to work of two extraordinary people's courts in Plzeň and Most, of whose activity the text applies. The text aims on women, because previous theses were mostly focused on men, which hold the more important position in the Nazi regime. On account of different roles of both sexes there is a diverse structure of committed crimes - the most frequented type of crimes for men were crimes against the state, while in a women's case it was denunciation. This fact could be partly explained by lesser possibilities of women for direct using of a repressive apparatus of the regime. The aim of the thesis is to bring in a comparison of activity of both mentioned courts against women. Main difference between those two regions is that the most of the Plzeň region was in Czech inland, but the Most area was located in the borderlands with a German majority. We could say that the result for this fact was higher rigidity of the Extraordinary People's Court in Plzeň that exceeded the second court in both percentage of sentences and rigidity of punishments. The thesis describes activity of these two courts simultaneously, with regard to all types of crimes that were committed during the...
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