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Sculptural Decoration of First Czechoslovak Republic's Administrative Buildings
Červený, Marek ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Wittlich, Petr (referee)
We can consider the sculptural decoration of first Czechoslovak Republic's administrative buildings to be one of the typical manifestations of its time. In its iconography it translated to its contemporaries, as well as to the future generations, the basic ideological motives which the representative, artists and major part of the society considered to be the most important for the existence of the young democratic state. Their message is so clear that even today it can be understood. This thesis discusses in the first chapter the roots of basic iconographical circles (labor, working people) in the Czech art of the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Afterwards it focuses on the wider conditions of European art leading to the growing interests in realistic, neo-classical art and new objectivity. Following parts are aimed on arrival of civilism into the Czech interwar art scene and discuss the terms social art, social realism and social civilism and its possible use in the scope of sculptural decoration of administrative buildings. Then continues the overview of the most important iconographical motives which penetrated into the field of the sculptural decoration with special focus on the Czechoslovak pavilion at the International exhibition of decorative arts in Paris 1925. The following...
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The colour theories of the Enlightenment and their influence on avant-garde art
Bareš, David ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my thesis on colour theories of the Enlightenment and their influence on avant-garde art, was to show the different approaches of modernist artists to the tradition of colour research at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The starting point of the text is the critical analysis of Newton's colour theory, which was conducted by Goethe. The emphasis on empirical experience, which laid the basis of this new science, had a big influence on the work of painter and friend Philipp Otto Runge. The synesthetic theory of George Field also shows an interesting connection to the work of the fin de siècle. The symbolist colour theories are discussed because of their importance to the artists who opened the path to abstract painting, for example Frantisek Kupka, Pieter Mondrian and Vasilij Kandinskij. A chapter was also dedicated to Robert Delaunay, who developed a very sophisticated explanation of how to represent movement in colour contrasts. The American synchronists, who were very proud of their specific artistic movement, were also inspired by Orphism. An important part of the thesis is the focus on Bauhaus artists. Some of them were influenced by the painter Adolf Hölzel, a native of Olmütz in Moravia, who was very interested in Goethe's Farbenlehre. Johannes Itten, a student of Goethe's, was the...
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Vladimír Fultner in the labyrinth of Czech architecture up to 1914
Pencák, Marcel ; Švácha, Rostislav (advisor) ; Wittlich, Petr (referee) ; Vybíral, Jindřich (referee)
The paper focuses on the monographic encompassing of the life and work of Vladimír Fultner (1887-1918), whose name is often neglected or forgotten in Czech architectural history. However, careful research reveals that his creation was founded upon extraordinary talent. These works achieved refined artistic sophistication and indisputable originality on the backdrop of contemporary architectural development. He thus deserves reassessment of his importance in forming a domestic modernistic tradition, though it is concentrated in a short period (1908-1914) and limited space for realization (Hradec Králové, Jaroměř, Prague, Kutná Hora, and Brno). Fultner began studying in the autumn of 1904 at Czech Technical University in Prague, but its building construction program led by Josef Schulz and Jan Koula was considered backwards by modern creators. Influenced by agile schoolmates (P. Janák, J. Chochol, V. Hofman, E. Králík, O. Novotný ad.), he became involved in the activity of the revived Association of Students of Architecture (Spolek posluchačů architektury). He ceased proper studies at this school in 1906, and apparently got his education within the circle of pupils and studio employees of Jan Kotěra. Like his contemporaries, Fultner gained the opportunity to work on small jobs for an exhibition by the Chamber...
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Art Symposia in the 1960s
Fišer, Marcel ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Klimešová, Marie (referee) ; Šetlík, Jiří (referee)
The Dissertation Abstract The dissertation deals with the tradition of holding art symposia (with a special focus on sculpture symposia) since their origins until the beginning of the 1970s. Both of them coming from German-speaking regions, so far only two works have been dedicated to the topic. However, they both focus on sculpture symposia and totally neglect other disciplines. The fact that they - for perfectly understandable reasons - mostly deal with art from Eastern Europe and overseas is their second weakness. Thus East-European art symposia are commented on scarcely and without knowledge of the local context. The text of the dissertation is therefore for the fist time fully based on an extensive research of the wide spectrum of symposia with respect to their geographical and disciplinary aspects. Thanks to their heavy influence, sculpture symposia, nevertheless, tend to occupy most space. The text places symposia into the context of general development in visual arts and sculpture after World War 2, especially with respect to some on-going contemporary trends, such as the phenomenon of open-air exhibitions, foundation of sculpture parks, development of public art, emerging of abstract art or welded metal sculptures of the later period. The major part of the text includes data about all art symposia...
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Fine Art in the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
Pech, Milan ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Rousová, Hana (referee)
The thesis deals with fine arts in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It analyzes Czech fine art during the Nazi occupation of World War Two, concentrating on its official component that has not yet been deeply researched. The author surveyed archives, press and literature of the period. The aim was to identify key themes in the public discussion about artistic issues and to trace developments in the legal status of Czech fine art under the occupation. First, a brief portrait of the historical context of 1938 to 1945, accompanied by identifying several pathological phenomena that occupation and the war brought to Czech society. Those that crept into the fine arts are interpreted from a psychoanalytic point of view. Next the author focuses on the official cultural policy of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He notes the short and long-term objectives of Nazi policies and their impact on the workings of cultural life in Czech society. He speaks about radical conservative critiques of modern art, which accused the avant-garde of mercantilism, of politicizing art, of being foreign, and arbitrary. So-called "degenerate" art (Entartete Kunst) is also briefly mentioned. A term that was used to defame and denounce modern art. For the first time, an unknown list of Czech "degenerate" painters...
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The medieval architecture of the Mendicant orders in Silesia
Jarošová, Markéta ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Royt, Jan (referee) ; Kořán, Ivo (referee)
The subject of this dissertation thesis is medieval architecture of mendicant orders in Silesia and focuses on convent churches of the Minorites and Dominicans. The chosen subject has not been hitherto treated in detail in specialized literature neither in Polish, German or Czech art history. Mendicant orders in Silesia are studied especially by historians who research into medieval history of these orders and, above all, the formation and development of order provinces. The focal points of the thesis research concern preserved buildings of mendicants orders built in the period between the 13th and 14th centuries. Every individual building is presented as a monograph in the form of an extended catalogue entry. The catalogue of medieval buildings of mendicant orders is the crucial part of this dissertation thesis. In this list, individual buildings are divided according to orders. First, we mention history of individual medieval towns and history of particular convent complexes. Further, we focus on the location of mendicant buildings within medieval urbanism of towns. Next, the formal analysis of each building follows defining the most important phases in building the convents, especially the medieval stage of building. Each entry contains an evaluation of cultural and historical importance of a...
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Photographic prints and forming processes and their relations to another artistic media
Hrabina, Martin ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Rakušanová, Marie (referee)
This thesis is devided in two related fields. First of them observe photography in the 19th century in a broader context. Is focused on photography which borrow traditional art rules and aspects in aim to get an equal status between fine arts. This first part helped valuate technics of so-called photographic processes in the second part of the thesis. This domain of photography is concentrated not only on technology but also on problems of amateurism or a theory of artistic photography of the time. The last chapter presents the most important Bohemian representatives of this profession and demonstrates a broad scale of artistic posibilites on concrete samples.
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Jaroslav Špillar (1869-1917) and folklorism in Czech fine art
Fišerová, Hana ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to make a clear reflection of folklorism in the Czech Art Nouveau painting at the turn of 19th and 20th century. This era is characterized by the effort of artists to follow the development in western art as well as to find their own Czech way to the modern art. The establishment of new societies of art and the impact of art critics - leading personalities of cultural life - is another feature of this period. The last quarter of 19th century is the time connected with the national revival era, when the folk culture is seen as pure and original. The culmination of so called "ethnographic movement" is the Czech-Slavonic Ethnographical Exhibition which took place in Prague in 1895. This event was the main reason for the fact that many artist suddenly started to feel sympathies for the folk topics even though in the past they were interested in different themes. In the middle of these two tendencies: desire to follow the western development and the attempt to find an inspiration in folk culture, grew the work of so called "regional painters". This thesis aims to characterize this phenomenon and to exemplify it on the basis of artwork of selected regional artists. Main part of this thesis is dedicated to the life and work of Jaroslav Špillar who was the significant figure of...
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Painting and photography around 1900
Voháňková, Romana ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
This master thesis focuses on the influences of the new medium of photography on the czech painting around 1900. An important part of such a topic is the role of the photography as a sketch for a painter. Another important question is, how was the impact of the visual form of photography on painting, for instance the use of photographic illusion in painting or the influences of chronophotography and moment photography. An important issue is an essential difference between photography and painting in colour. Photography widely extended the visual experience around 1900, as it enabled to fix the images from the area of science and pseudoscience. The question also is, how these new images influenced the painting. This theses also describes, how painters commented on the new medium and how they perceived the attempt of photography to become a legitime subject of fine art. Key words: painting, photography, fine art around 1900
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