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Roma Agents of the "Gypsy Question". Belonging, Mobility, and Resettlement Policy in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s.
Ort, Jan ; Sadílková, Helena (advisor) ; Yasar, Abu Ghosh (referee) ; Baloun, Pavel (referee)
The thesis focuses on the practice of resettlement policy in the 1960s in Czechoslovakia, which targeted the population referred to as 'gypsies'. This policy, also known as the policy of 'dispersal', has often been described in historical and Romani studies literature as one of the symbols of the communist regime's violence against the Roma, which was to lead to the disruption of their cultural identity and the disruption of established socio-economic structures. Paradoxically, the practice of this policy has been described very marginally. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap, to take the monitoring of this policy out of a strongly evaluative interpretive framework, and at the same time to shift the emphasis from the perspective of the state and its authorities to the agency of the Roma themselves. In the introduction of my thesis, I provide a basic characterization and contextualization of resettlement policy while summarizing the existing literature related to it. In the first chapter, I present the theoretical and methodological background of the whole thesis. Here I acknowledge the microhistorical approach and the inspiration in the discipline of anthropology in general. In doing so, I specifically discuss these approaches in relation to the possibilities of studying 'Romani histories'....
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Romani Literature in the 1920s and 1930s in the USSR
Kokyová, Iveta ; Červenka, Jan (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I am mapping Romani literature in the period of the turbulent, but time- limited development in the 1920s and 1930s in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In order to understand the period, I briefly describe the previous history of Russia and the USSR with regard to national politics and the history of Russian Roma, both from the 18th century. One of the goals is to examine the political circumstances for the boom of the Roma literature from the 1920s to the 1930s and its termination. Another goal is to focus on specific Roma literary works. The thesis thus explores also the reflection of political circumstances in the Roma literature of that period, both directly in the chosen subjects ("politically commisioned" works) and in a broadly grasped structure of specific works. The analysis of the thematic and formal plan of literary works of that time reveals influences of political and historical contexts as well as structural elements independent of these circumstances. Keywords Roma, literature, national politics, USSR
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The Union of Gypsies-Roma (1969-1973). Possible approaches to the research of the history of the Union of Gypsies-Roma using a sample analysis of the activities of the regional board of the union in the West Bohemian Region.
Turková, Kateřina ; Červenka, Jan (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee)
In the years 1969 - 1973 the Roma organization called The Union of Gypsies-Roma formed a part of the National Front and Roma could partly contribute through this organization to the execution of the policy targeted against themselves. This study surveys the activities of The Union of Gypsies-Roma in the West Bohemian Region and reconstructs the work of its regional board and the affiliated economic facility Névodrom seated in Pilsen. It describes the operations of this organization in the residential and social-medical sphere as well as schooling, education, culture and sport, informs about its cooperation with state authorities and organizations united in the National Front. Based on the analysis of the documents relating to the activities of the Union in the West Bohemian Region the study unveils also some internal mechanisms of the organization as a whole (methods of the formation of the organizational structure, recruitment of the members). The concluding part of the work contributes to the knowledge concerning the dissolution of the Union and its consequences, provides a reflection of the significance of The Union of Gypsies - Roma by some of its representatives and it also briefly investigates the analogies of the activities of the Union and activities of Roma activists in the political and...
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The poetry of Vlado Oláh (in the context of Slovakian Romany poets)
Vyskočilová, Iva ; Červenka, Jan (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with themes in the poetry of Vlado Oláh, one of the foremost Gypsy/Romany poets. The main themes of Oláh's oeuvre can be found in Khamori luluďi - Slunečnice (The sunflower), his poetry debut. They are further elaborated on in his next poetry books Khamutno kamiben - Žár lásky (The fire of love) and Amaro drom pal o udut - Naše cesta za světlem (Our path towards the light). A part of the thesis is also dedicated to poetry forms of Oláh's writings. In his poetry, Oláh mainly deals with love, nature and Romany community life seen as a Romany life-style ideal. The author also puts great emphasis on links with the Mother- Earth and the need of revitalization of these links which are to bring a resurrection of the human spirit. Appeals for human brotherhood and revitalization of human kind are ubiquitous features of Oláh's poetry. An active Christian, he is professing his faith and glorifies the Christian religion. For Oláh, Christianity provides the blueprint for a pure life and a sense of human existence. His poetry also touches Romany rights, the idea of tolerance between people, racism and the reconstruction and development of romipen, principles of traditional Romany life. Another part of the thesis focuses on poetry of some other Romany poets with a special emphasis on topics and poetry...
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Roma in Stříbro (history and sociolinguistic situation on the case of Absolon clan)
Houdek, Lukáš ; Sadílková, Helena (advisor) ; Červenka, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesi s deals with the population of Roma in the western Bohemian town Stříbro. This paper i s divided into four main parts. After explanation of the methods which were used during the research are described particular Roma communities in Stříbro and their relations. This relations are influenced by several factors that are further discussed and put in context. Further the text above all deals with the Roma clan of Absolons', which moved from Slovakia to Stříbro in the early 50th and became this way the first inhabitants of this border town. The part engaged in history should picture the reasons that made settlors of this clan to leave Slovakia. The thesis concems with the way of acceptance of the new Roma by the majority and it draw further development of the clan in the town. This historical facts lead to the last part of the paper, which deals with the contemporary situation of Romany in Stříbro (frequence of usage and reflection ofthe language by speakers). The whole paper should draw compact picture about on of the Roma communities in Stříbro and should point out the role of history, relations between the Roma communities and the acceptance of Roma by majority in the contemporary situation of Romany in the described locality. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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"The Gypsy Scourge!" Creation and Implementation of Anti-Gypsy Measures in interwar Czechoslovakia and After, 1918-1941
Baloun, Pavel ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee) ; Zimmermann, Volker (referee)
On December 22, 1926, an opening ceremony of the so-called Gypsy school was held in Uzhhorod, the capital of the Czechoslovak administration in Carpathian Ruthenia. Czech officials who gave talks pointed out pedagogical significance of the established institution which they described as unique and exceptional "experiment". The creation of a special school for children of those inhabitants who were labelled as "Gypsies" on the territory which was annexed by Czechoslovakia only later after the First World War and which in the contemporary imagination represented specific, "backward" region of the newly established state, served to consolidate the legitimacy of the First Republic as a democratic, progressive, modern, liberal state which belonged to the developed and civilized West. More than a half year later, on July 14, 1927, representatives in the Czechoslovak Parliament in Prague passed the Act No. 117/1927 on Wandering Gypsies. The development of this law was related to an immense interest of the contemporary media in "Gypsies" which was encouraged by the arrest of approximately twenty "Gypsies" from a village located in East Slovakia. They were charged of numerous robberies and murders. In contrast to the situation shortly after the First World War when the central Czechoslovak authorities...
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Survivors from the so-called Gypsy camp in Lety u Písku in the context of compensation claims according to the Czechoslovak law no. 255/1946
Berkyová, Renata ; Sadílková, Helena (advisor) ; Závodská, Milada (referee)
Abstract
An archive of applica/ons for cer/ficates under 255/1946, where are since 1946 un/l now almost 150,000 applica/ons, includs requests from survivors from Jewish and Roma families or their descendants. The aim of the work is to observe several levels reflec/ng comensa/on of survivors, difficult accep/on, respec/vely ignorance of the process of the Roma Holocaust in the Protectorate and, at the same /me, the gradual shaping of awareness of it as a part of the post-war rela/onship of the non-Roma and Roma of Czechoslovak society to this war genocide.The key to the selec/on of applica/ons by Roma applicants for in-depth analysis and linking with other sources rela/ng to their pre-war, war and post-war life is the list of prisoners of the so-called Gypsy Camp at Lety u Písku by C/bor Nečas Key words: Holocaust of the Roma, the so-called Gypsy camp in Lety u Písku, survivors, compensa/on
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Slovak Roma/Romani in the 1930s and the 1940s (1927 - 1950)
Stachová, Monika ; Spurný, Matěj (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee)
The master thesis addresses the alteration of Roma discourse and changes of relational patterns between Roma and the wider society during the 1930s and 1940s (more precisely 1927-1950). It focuses on the features attributed to the notion of "a Gypsy" by majority group members. Subsequently, it also attempts to reconstruct, using various levels of discursive practice, the position of Roma in the Slovak society. The main emphasis was laid on the wartime period, which was framed by the interwar and postwar context. In close connection with this anchoring, it tries to trace possible roots of wartime discursive and physical violence. It inquires various continuities and discontinuities of particular policies observing the individuals fulfilling these features attributed to the notion of a "Gypsy" or "an antisocial person" and their limits of agency. Apart from that it scrutinizes different means of categorization and their influence on attitude towards Roma.
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Mobility of Roms in the context of local relations. Case study from eastern Slovakia, Svidník region.
Ort, Jan ; Sadílková, Helena (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis is based on a long term ethnographic field research, that has been conducted by this work's author in one of the villages within the district of Svidník, Eastern- Slovakia. The work's fundamental frame of topic are the relations between the Roms and non-Roms in the observed village, with main focus put on the actor's perspective of the local Roms. The nature of such relations is observed both synchronuously and diachronously, and foremost in respect of two types of an areal mobility, that at the same time has the potential of a social-economic mobility. The first observed type is the flow of the Roms from the romani village to a non-Roms part of the village, or the surrounding villages; the second is the cross-border migration. At the same time the thesis addresses the relations within the observed Romani community whose internal social diferentiation is partially influenced by the very - successfully or unsuccessfully - implemented mobility. To hold a wider grip of the local relations, the author uses the texts of the Romani-studies expert, Milena Hübschmannová, other related case studies coming from the region of eastern Slovakia, and, paralelly, also the concepts of the postcolonial thinking with emphasis to Frantz Fanon's work. It is his very work that has provided the frame to...
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