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The Relation between Neuropsychological Characteristics and Clinical Status of Anorexia Nervosa Patients
Žuchová, Světlana ; Papežová, Hana (advisor) ; Preiss, Marek (referee) ; Heretik, Anton (referee)
1) to examine the repeatability of the quantitative scoring system for the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) developed by Taylor, as well as of the scoring system developed by Booth to measure central coherence; 2) to examine the effects of hospital treatment on visuo-spatial memory, central coherence, and clinical status in a sample of anorexia nervosa (AN) inpatients; 3) to examine the relationship between neuropsychological characteristics, as assessed by the RCFT, and the clinical status of AN patients, as assessed by BMI and self-reporting measures (CR-EAT and EDE-Q); 4) to explore any possible correlation between the observed neuropsychological characteristics and the outcome of hospital treatment. We examined a sample of 31 AN inpatients, 29 women and 2 men. All patients completed the RCFT upon admission, and 21 patients were re-tested at the discharge, the test consisting of both a copy and recall trial. They also completed self-reporting measures (CR-EAT and EDE-Q) and their BMI was measured at both baseline and discharge. (...) This is suggested both by the correlations between this EDE-Q scale and the accuracy of the recall (p<0.05) and the central coherence of the recall (p=0.063) at the baseline, as well as by the correlations between the accuracy of the recall (p<0.05) and the central coherence...
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Validation of Stroop color and word test on Czech population
Krivá, Ľuba ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Due to the fact that attention is a central issue in cognitive sciences, there is a growing need for robust tools for assessing attentional functioning in individuals from clinical, as well as non-clinical populations: the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is one of the standard measures. The thesis provides material intended for construction of the Czech version of the SCWT manual. In addition to discussion of theoretical issues of the Stroop eect, the thesis includes review of studies on psychometric characteristics of the test and discusses the in uence of demographic characteristics on the performance in the SCWT. Furthermore, administration and scoring procedures, as well as possibilities of clinical interpretation of the test scores are described. In the second part of the thesis, we present results of research project aimed at collecting Czech normative data for the SCWT. The in uence of sex, age and education on the performance in the test was examined in a non-clinical sample aged 20 to 79 years (N = 420; 166 M, 254 F; M = 46:7 yrs, SD = 16:8 yrs). Norms for the test scores were developed separately for subjects from three age subgroups and two education subgroups. Correlational analysis of the Stroop test with two other measures of attentional and executive functioning (Verbal uency and Trail...
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Wechsler memory scale - third edition, abbreviated
Jenčová, Adéla ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
This thesis is about Wechsler Memory Scale-III Abbreviated (WMS-IIIa). WMS-IIIa is a screening test for measuring memory functioning. It contains measures of visual and verbal memory, immediate and delayed memory. Theoretical part of the thesis is an attempt of a Czech version of the test manual. It summarizes information about its original development, structure, purpose, administration, scoring and possibilities of interpretation. The empirical part is a research targeted on acquisition of Czech norms on representative sample of nonclinical population at the age of 20 to 39 years. Statistical analysis was computed from data of 154 individuals. Demografic characteristics of research group was compared with characteristics of Czech population at the age of 20 to 39 years as described by Czech Statistical Institute.
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Quality of attention in borderline patients
Patlichová, Klára ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
This thesis exammes attention among individuals with borderline personality disorder. The theoretical part illustrates the aspects ofborderline personality disorder and attention in general. For detailed description of borderline personality disorder, it uses particularly Millon's diagnostic instrument. In relation to attention, it concentrates mainly on cognitive aspects of this topic with emphasis on the theoretical concept of attention according to M. I. Posner. Furthermore, it points out the potential interconnection of these, apparently only negligibly related topics, i.e. of borderline personality disorder and attention. An essential part consists in the attention network test (ANT). The empirie part then partly follows Posner's research. Similar to his approach, it uses the ANT test and an IPDE semi-structured interview- the borderline module- to verify the potential relationship of borderline disorder and attention deficiency. Testing of attention also includes Stroop color test. The IPDE interview, which is aimed at diagnos ti es of borderline personality disorder, is supplemented by questionnaire methods monitoring particularly mood and the potential proband cognitive deficit. The research mentioned in this part of the paper monitors attention amongst fifteen individuals with borderline...
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Boston Naming Test in preoperative examination in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Libertínová, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Theoretical part of this thesis concems Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Epilepsy surgery as an important option of the treatment of these patients. lt introduces respective methods used in complex preoperative diagnostics stressing the neuropsychological preoperative examination. Majority of basic cognitive functions - memory, speech and IQ - are lateralised. Functionality of temporallobe is reflected by ability of naming. We introduce the Boston Naming Test (BNT) used in preoperative diagnostics of pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients to locate the epileptogenic region. Empirical part concems Czech adaptation and standardisation of BNT and describes pivotal study with 38 healthy persons and 38 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Main objective was to check criterial validity ofBNT" Statistical analysis shows highly significant differencies between scores of healthy controls and epilepsy patients. (p < 0,000). Test shows 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.
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The influence of depression on cognitive functions in the remission period. What changes can be observed in cognitive functions during the course of mood improvement until the remission period?
Dušánková, Erika ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this study is to summarize a research on cognitive functions and depressive disorder with focus on the remission period and to map, on this background, using a longitudinal design, changes in cognitive performance of the depressive patients during the course of mood improvement until the remission period. We set together a test battery consisting of two cognitive functions measures (AVLT, Letter-number sequencing), two mood rating instruments (BDI, MADRS) and two additional questionnaires (Unfavourable-events questionnaire and Social support Survey - MOS). We included an interview, as well. The research took place in Prague psychiatric centre. The sample consisted of 10 inpatients with unipolar depressive disorder according to ICD-10. 4 of the patients were excluded - 2 of them for deeper mood impairment and other 2 for early discharge from the clinic. Only 2 of the remaining 6 patients achieved remission. We present their case studies in this thesis. The conclusion of this study is that the image of cognitive performance in depressed patients can be various. All patients experienced subjective cognitive performance impairment and work ability impairment. We didn't observe, in some of the patients, cognitive performance impairment in the neuropsychological measures used. When cognitive impairment...
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The effect of cognitive training for schizofrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Nondek, Michal ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
The dissertation deals with effects of cognitive training on a group of 41 probands suffering with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The twelve months research has covered several psychiatric facilities, where the cognitive training is carried out regularly. Trial method has been based upon a set of three questionnaires filled in by probands: DEX - (Dysexecutive Questionnaire), CFQ - (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), EMQ - (Everyday Memory Questionnaire) and variant DEX and CFQ questionnaires, which has been filled in via phone interviews with family members or other significant persons. Experimental design test-retest has been applied. Subsequent statistical analysis of the data collected reveals a significant improvement after the training. This statistically significant positive effect has been shown by four of the five questionnaires used. As for the demographic characteristics, only the age of proband at the manifestation of illness correlates significantly with the positive effect of training (the latter age, the greater effect). Age, sex or education has no relationship with the effect of training for a given group of probands.
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Social cognition and schizophrenia
Mrlíková, Kristína ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Dysfunctions in social interactions and social isolation are common characteristics of mental illness and schizophrenia is not an exception. This is the reason for recent growing intercst in new theoretical approaches to schizophrenia and social cognition is one of those approaches. Also social cognition has been identified as one of the areas of MATRICS neurocognititive battery developed to be used for testing new drugs for therapy of schizophrenia. Theoretical part of this study is a brief overview of some of the approaches and areas oť social cognition relative to schizophrenia. Practical part is an attempt to create a method to measure social cognition. The biggest contribution of social cognition to the concept of schizophrenia is the fact that it perceives complex difficulties seen in schizophreoia as manifestations of several simple deficits in different areas, which can be good targets of both therapeutic procedures and empirical research. The attempt to create a psychological test was based on a "group game'' which we have transformed into a "pencil-paper" method. Tbc method was then examined in both clinical aod non-clinical settings and some valuable characteristics of the test have been obtained. These seem to be promising for the test to become a possible method of measuring social cognition....
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