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The context of sleep deprivation in the lives of adolescents
Doležalová, Pavlína ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Panenková, Erika (referee)
Starting point is the concept of sleep deprivation. The thesis is mainly concerned in the impact on the life of adolescents. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses results of scientific studies that dealt with the relationship between sleep deprivation and various cognitive processes, such as thinking, memory, and decision making. Thesis also includes a brief outline of sleep as an objective physiological process, further defines the definition of sleep deprivation and shortly explains the importance of adolescence. The core of the thesis is consisted of impacts, risks and practical consequences of a lack of sleep in daily functioning that is not related just to juveniles. Finally, the thesis focuses on possible ways which minimize the effects of sleep deprivation. The empirical part involves a proposal of the research design that deals with individual problem arising from the general part of the work. Keywords: Sleep, deprivation, adolescents, cognitive function
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Perception of criminal activities by patients of Ordered protective treatment
Nichtová, Andrea ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
Mental disorder and criminal activity is always a current topic because of high promotion of offences in the media which enhances its stigmatization. The aim of the work was mapping of patient's view of his criminal activities. We described criminal proceedings with mentally ill offender and measures of protection. We addressed to chosen aspects of perceiving of criminal activities - motivation, attribution of guilt, self-image and punishment. We described mental disorders in psychiatric protective treatment and their forensic significance. We used the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interview, method called pie of guilt, medical records and forensic expert testimony. The sample consisted of 16 patients of psychiatric protective treatment in Psychiatric hospital Bohnice, Praha, Czech republic. Collected data are various and they account for the heterogenity of research group. The main work result is a support for opinion that not only mental disorder, but also many other factors such as personality, substance abuse or poor impulse control, are responsible for the origin of offence and that patients are conscious of it and they don't interpret it only within the frame of mental disorder. The work highlights on the using of many ego mechanisms of defense to cope with feelings of guilt and...
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Explicit and implicit self-esteem within a given range of clients with anxiety disorders: quantitative and qualitative analysis with emphasis on Rorschach method
Najbrtová, Kristina ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of self-esteem in clients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. While this condition belongs to the most common mental illnesses, the role of the patient's self-esteem has not been sufficiently researched. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the relation between anxiety and self-esteem, and to examine whether clients with so called Other Anxiety Disorder manifest specific differences in their level of self-esteem. In the theoretical part we summarize the key findings in the domain of anxiety disorder research; we further compare the different psychological approaches to the issue of self-esteem. There is a particular focus on authors who explore the possible causes and features of self-esteem deviations in patients with anxiety disorders, and who propose hypotheses regarding the nature and origins of this linkage. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the explicit and implicit self-esteem level in clients with anxiety disorder. For the purpose of measuring explicit self-esteem we have used foreign questionnaires, namely the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the SLSC-R. For implicit self-esteem evaluation we have used the Rorschach test. The research outcomes indicate that clients with anxiety disorders display...
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Verification of convergent and discriminant validity of Self-compassion Scale (Czech version).
Reichová, Anna ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis focuses on the concept of self-compassion - a healthy attitude toward oneself which could be more easily attainable than unconditional self-acceptance and have less downsides than self-esteem. The first part of the thesis offers the most widely used conceptualisation of self-compassion, a comparison between self-compassion, self-esteem and unconditional self-acceptance, a summary of application areas of self-compassion, a list of relevant psychometric tools and a description of the Czech translation of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-CZ). The second part of the thesis consists of a quantitative study designed to further assess the construct validity of the SCS-CZ using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI X2) and the Unconditional Positive Self-Regard Scale (UPSRS) and to explore the connection between self-compassion and unconditional positive self-regard. A battery of web-based inventories was administered to a non-clinical sample (n = 415). The SCS-CZ shows a strong negative correlation with the BDI-II and the STAI X2, and a strong positive correlation with the UPSRS. The SCS-CZ is a valid measure of self-compasssion, suitable for comparing groups and population samples. For drawing conclusions about individuals, it is...
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Editing, validation, standardization and preparation for publication of an updated projective method PFT (C-W) for adults
Čáp, David ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Obereignerů, Radko (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study for adults has never had any created norms in terms of Czech population. Since the time of creation its graphical stimulus material became old and nearly unusable. The purpose of this text is to show the method P-F Study to the readers and than to introduce new version for adults PFT (C-W) prepared for publication. There is also a version presented on separate cards, which is part of the new set. The validity and test-retest reliability was verified previously, but reliability was also examined by agreement of two independent evaluators. The standardisation was realized on the sample of 300 persons in age from 18 to 81 years. The new norms were created for factors, categories, S-E patterns and GCR. Also the scoring and compilation of the scoring blank was adapted. Key words: aggression, frustration, projective method, Rosenzweig P-F Study, user's manual
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Relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management style
Kučová, Hana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The objective of this thesis is the relationship between emotional intelligence and individual conflict styles. In the theoretical part of the thesis the construct of emotional intelligence is introduced, followed by description of the most significant theoretical conceptions and models of emotional intelligence and by description of various approaches to its measurement. Theoretical debate about the relevance and validity of the construct of emotional intelligence and the main arguments of its proponents as well as of its critics are summarized. In following chapters the theory of conflict styles and its typology as well as ways of its measurement are described. Also the main findings about the group differences in conflict styles are presented. After introduction of these two concepts, emotional intelligence and conflict styles, existing research findings on their relationships are described. In the empirical part of the thesis the relationships between two dimensions of the emotional intelligence, emotional understanding and emotional management, and conflict styles are tested. Obtained results are not unequivocal. While there was not found any significant relationship between emotional understanding and conflict styles, in the case of emotional management analysis revealed negative relationship with the...
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Stress coping strategies in relation to emotional intelligence by prison guards
Rychnovská, Simona ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Jiřička, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with the concept of stress and emotional intelligence. First, it discusses the major theories of stress, coping strategies and resilience. Furthermore, they are presented and described in more detail methods for identifying coping strategies. The next chapter describes the burnout syndrome and its causes. Chapter emotional intelligence deals with theoretical inputs of these issues and, as with stress are also presented in this chapter methods of detecting emotional intelligence. The last chapter focuses on the personality of the prison warden and qualification requirements for the profession. The empirical part deals with the research of emotional intelligence and coping strategies among prison guards. Subsequently outputs are evaluated quantitatively processed results of these two variables and the correlation between them.
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The use of psycho psychophysiological methods in objectivization of mental workload
Kloudová, Gabriela ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis is focused on possible methods of objectivization of mental workload that are on psychophysiological basis and can be used in area of military pilots. The theoretical part is based on definition of the term mental workload, its related theories, the strategies of coping with stressful situations and possible methods of objectivization of mental workload. This part also provides an overview of demanding tasks occuring during flight activity and specifics of the job of military pilots. The research is based on theoretical models and previous researches and the aim is to analyze possibilities of testing the mental workload using psychophysiological methods. This hypothesis was empirically verified by experimental study conducted in tactical flight simulator designed for a training on fighter planes. The mental workload was investigated by physiological data and psychological questionnaires. The results are showing significant difference between resting heart rate and a heart rate during flight situation so we can assume that physiological parameters are good indicator of mental workload. Further analysis refers to the most stressful and most difficult situations that appeared during tactical combat mission. There was a significant correlation between personality, resting heart rate and...
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Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotions
Zajícová, Markéta ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
Title: Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotions Author: Mgr. Markéta Zajícová Department: Department of Psychology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts Supervisor: Mgr. Ing. Martin Vraný Abstract: This work addresses the topic of emotion recognition from facial expressions. The theoretical part starts with general information about emotions; the most elaborated part, however, concerns basic emotions and their manifestation. One part of this work is also about the ability to recognize emotions, its deficits, and its methods of measurement. The theoretical part is closed by the topic of emotional intelligence, which is the overarching element. The empirical part focuses on the differences in the ability to recognize emotions. The results show that women are better in emotion recognition than men, similarly psychologists and coaches, unlike patients with a psychotic disorder whose results are sub- normal. The results also suggest the tendency of positive correlation between the level of education and the coveted ability - with increasing education the ability to recognize emotion expressions is improved. Subtle emotions are recognized with more difficulties in the test, but emotions displayed by out-group members are, against the expectations, better recognized. The results are unable to confirm...
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Emotional intelligence and its comparison among heterosexual and homosexual people
Jelínek, Jakub ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is emotional intelligence and the overview of changes in understanding this construct since its establishment. Furthermore, the thesis provides a summary of two significant models of emotional intelligence as well as a survey of existing means of its measurement and enumeration of studies focused on the connection between emotional intelligence and particular aspects of life. Finally, the theoretical part of the thesis explores the possibilities of developing emotional intelligence. The practical part uses quantitative research to analyse individual differences in emotional intelligence by comparing the levels of emotional intelligence between homosexual and heterosexual population. The findings revealed a significant difference between trait emotional intelligence of homosexual and heterosexual men. Moreover, the results also verify the difference in overall emotion regulation and emotion regulation strategy of emotion suppression between heterosexuals and homosexuals. The findings also support the claim that women have higher emotional intelligence than men and that the individuals who regard themselves as physically healthy have higher emotional intelligence than those who consider themselves as seriously ill. Keywords: Emotional intelligence,...
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