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Basic attunements in the fundamental ontology of Martin Heidegger
Rut, Filip ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Tato diplomová práce předkládá podrobnou interpretaci koncepce základních nálad v Heideggerově fundamentální ontologii. Postup napříč klíčovými texty (Bytí a čas, Co je Metafyzika? a Základní pojmy metafyziky) sleduje vývoj této koncepce a zachycuje ji v její často přehlížené členitosti. Důraz je proto kladen na odlišné role různých základních nálad a na exkluzivní postavení úzkosti jako "nejzákladnější" základní nálady. Centrální tezí práce je, že úzkost představuje klíč k Heideggerově celkovému pojetí naladěnosti i k výkladu ostatních základních nálad, zejména hluboké nudy. Předvedení úzkosti jako exkluzivní základní nálady zároveň nabízí cestu k samotnému jádru Heideggerova myšlení - k problému bytí. Klíčová slova Martin Heidegger, rozpoložení, základní nálady, Grundstimmungen, latentní úzkost, explicitní úzkost, hluboká nuda, rozumění bytí, bytí jako možnost, nic, každodennost, autenticita, neautenticita Abstract This master thesis offers a detailed interpretation of the concept of fundamental attunements in Heidegger' s fundamental ontology. Progression through the key texts (Being and Time, What is Metaphysics? and The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics) retraces the evolution of this concept and captures its often overlooked complex structure. This account emphasizes the different roles of...
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St. Augustine on Pride: Ilusion of Pride and Breaking Trough
Bezoušková, Alena ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
(in English) According to Augustine, to be proud means to aspire to a position which belongs to God. That is, to not admit one's dependence on God and to misunderstand one's relationships towards others. In my thesis I analyse the experience of one who becomes proud and stays in a sin of pride as well as someone who overcomes pride. Pride appears when a man starts to see himself as a source of his goodness. A sin of pride is accompanied by a false image of oneself and of the world and also by an inability to reflect on one's poverty. Only when pride manifests itself in an act is it possible for a sinner to admit and overcome it. This is because the acts of the proud have different results than he expects. They lead to his humiliation. I devote the most space in my thesis to the manifestation of pride in actions and their consequences. To better understand this process, I present an analysis of Augustine's interpretation of three biblical stories, in which, according to Augustine, pride manifests. This analysis also shows that the manifestation of pride in an action doesn't necessarily have to lead to overcoming pride in the proud.
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Design of Irrigation System for Home
Němec, Václav ; Hůlka, Tomáš (referee) ; Šoustek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design and implement an Arduino-based home irrigation system with the ability to view and control the system through a graphical user interface. Individual components, communication were selected and control programs were created. The design was adjusted to a particular object. The solution was developed using the Arduino IDE development environment, where controlling programs for individual modules were created. A web server was created to view, control and collect data using the Flask framework in the Python programming language with the PostgreSQL database. This system was tested on a test system and demonstrated the desired and correct behavior.
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Johannes Climacus: Truth between lunacy and sanity
Melzmuf, Jiří ; Matějčková, Tereza (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is an analysis of the concept of subjective and objective truth in the works of Søren Kierkegaard published under the pseudonym Johannes Climacus. In the course of the analysis, the author shows that an appropriate understanding of the concept of truth is conditioned on the explanation of the structure of existence as a contrasting synthesis. Further, the authors focuses in his analysis on the manner in which this concept of existence eliminates the possibility of the system of being. As to this, Kierkegaard finds an objective inquiry incapable of providing resolutions of essential human problems; thus he turns his focus toward a subjective approach. Subjectivity pertains to human existence and in the form of belief is capable of overcoming doubt rooted in infinite objective reflection. In conclusion, the author investigates Kierkegaardʼs emphasis on the importance of subjective truth which he contrasts with the absence of subjectivity, relating this absence to inhumanity and lunacy.
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Two Conceptions of Thinking in H. Arendt's Writings
Koloskov, Daniil ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
Ve své diplomové se zaměřím na pojetí myšlení u Hannah Arendtové. Zejména se pokusím ukázat, že v díle Arendtové jsou přítomny dvě odlišné koncepce myšlení. První koncepce se opírá o komunikaci a svět. Podle této koncepce myšlení vychází ze společného světa a má sloužit k vybudování politických vztahů mezi lidmi. Druhá koncepce myšlení na rozdíl od první tvrdí, že myšlení je podle své definice mimosvětskou činností a nemůže sloužit k politickým účelům s výjimkou mimořádných případů. Porovnání těchto různých koncepcí myšlení bude uskutečněno na základě analýzy další mentální schopnosti člověka - soudů. Budu hájit tezi, myšlení ztratí možnost a schopnost pronikat do společného světa, protože schopnost soudů přebírá řadu funkcí, které dříve vykonávalo myšlení.
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Jesus or Caesar? The Concept of the Democracy in the Light of the Reflection of T. G. Masaryk's and C. Schmitt's Political Thought
Bergmann, Dominik ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Keywords: democracy, humanity, violence, absolutism, discussion, decision Thomas G. Masaryk was a supporter of humanism and humanist democracy. Carl Schmitt criticized such conceptions. In this thesis I would like to show that their different attitudes are an effect of different foundational concepts in their political thought. Masaryk believed that political philosophy wasn't nothing else than zoology, if it hadn't morality in her foundations. Schmitt saw the starting point of every true political theory in violent characteristic of human being. For Masaryk the democracy is in the end a moral ideal, the humanity, by which human beings abandon all the violence and they resolve all their potential conflicts by the discussion. I will show in this thesis, that moral equality of human beings cannot be proper foundation of democracy and that Masaryk demands too much to make possible to realize his democratic vision. The democracy in Schmitt's view is an authoritative violent regime where the individuality should be totally suppressed and a political relevance of the morality too.
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The Relation of Instrumental Form of the World and Labour
Kreisinger, Jonáš ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This paper deals with how the instrumental form of the world is conditioned by the specific form of labor in capitalism. The discussion of a historian and a philosopher Moishe Postone and a Frankfurt School representative Max Horkheimer was used for this analysis. Postone criticizes Horkheimer because of his use of a transhistorical concept of labor, which is unable to explain why the world in capitalism (modernity) is being rapidly instrumentalized. However, Horkheimer's analysis is able to explain the reason why the instrumental form of the world is changing in course of capitalism, which is a perspective Postone's theory lacks. The paper shows that labor in capitalism is a source of instrumental form of the world. However instrumentalisation itself is more of the form of the world appearance. The appearance of the world is in a marxist philosophy conceptualized as an ideology, or in the case of Marx himself by the concept of commodity fetishism. The integration function of an ideology is in the conflict with disintegration function of instrumentalisation on this level of reality.
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Maimonides on Attributes of God
Raboch, Filip ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This thesis is devoted primarily to two subjects: an analysis of Maimonides' proof of God's existence, his unity and incorporeality, and the question of which attributes one can predicate about God. Related to this is also the question of what the content of God's essence is, and if His essence is cognisable. The problem lies with statements in the Scripture where the reader can get the impression that God and humanity are alike and that He has a physical body of flesh and blood. Such a belief has dangerous consequences for Judaism as a whole and thus it is necessary to examine these passages and eliminate possible misconceptions and doubts. It is Maimonides' intention to support the religion using philosophy and to take away all doubts resulting from the incorrect interpretation of the Scripture. However, he reveals by his explanation another threat to Judaism and that is the dual conception of God. The question is, whether the two conceptions are compatible with each other or whether they are entirely different. The argumentation starts with a proof of God's existence, over a semantic explanation of attributes and negative theology, to interpretation of specific questionable passages from the Scripture.
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Concept of the Human World in the Thinking of Hannah Arendt
Kettner, Marek ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The thesis main focus is the conception of the human world in Hannah Arendt's thinking. We will base our analysis on the difference of the human existence in nature and in the human world. The latter can be thought of as artificial, because for Arendt man is the creator of his world. This results in a difference in possibilities that man has in the world contrary to those he has in nature. The goal of this thesis will be analysing the foundation of the relation of man to the world in the ancient era and its constant changing in history. We will try to make clear, why is Arendt turning back to the ancient era as a basis for her thoughts and we will ask what is the connection of this looking back into the past with the phenomenon of world-allienation.
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Metodika uchovávání předmětů kulturní povahy
Selucká, Alena ; Mrázek, Martin ; Štěpánek, Ivo ; Mazík, Michal ; Grossmannová, Hana ; Jirásek, Pavel ; Holman, Pavel ; Jakubec, Petr ; Fricová, Jana ; Vácha, Zdeněk ; Červenák, Jan ; Dvořák, Martin ; Němec, Václav ; Dušková, Markéta ; Fogaš, Igor ; Bačovský, Jiří
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