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School Uniform with a view to Adolescent
Presová, Karolína ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
Clothing is a very important part of an individual's identity. It helps a person highlight one's individuality and at the same time it connects one with other members of a certain social group. One of the clothing types is a uniform. It is psychologically very interesting in what way adolescents cope with, think about and deal with a situation when they have to wear a uniform, because at this time they feel a very strong need to differentiate and determine their personality also through the choice of their clothing. Thanks to the current public discussions and my study field, I decided to investigate this area of interest from a psychological point of view. I established four basic aims: a) identification of a historical development of uniforms, particularly school ones b) analysis of a function of school uniforms mentioned in discussions by adolescents c) investigation of identity aspects which appear during the group discussions of the school uniform topic d) determination of the differences among these aspects in monitored groups. I fulfilled the first aim in the theoretical part of this diploma thesis. History of uniforms has its roots in antiquity - monastic and military uniforms belong among the oldest ones. Uniforms started to appear at universities in middle ages. Their largest expansion came in the...
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Adaptation of children to the role of schooler
Vísnerová, Tereza ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The subject of my thesis is the analysis of data from observation of the first class of primary school. A child is confronted with many requirements at the beginning of school. In my work I am trying to detect school adjustment process in terms of the fresh scholar. First, I try to define the core areas to which must adapt the child entering school. This core area is here called contexts,. Then I focus on subelements of these areas of school adjustment, which result requirements for the psyche of the pupil. On the basis of observation, I identified three main areas, contexts: 1. the physical context, 2. social context and 3. school-task context. The physical context relates on such elements of the school adaptation, which are inanimated - spaces and objects. It is the need to learn how to orientate oneself in the new environment and to organize school equipments and tools. The social context is related to adaptation to new social relationships of child at school (other pupils, teacher etc.). And the scholl-task context is aimed specifically at school demands, work. An important regulator of school pupils to adapt to the first class is the clasp teacher, which manages the process. According to the demandingness of the process of adaptation to school, is my next major effort of identifying such expressions of...
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Themes of children's drawings in the second task of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking in 1991 and 2006
Koštová, Kateřina ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This work deals with the theme of childern's drawing and focuses in particular on subjects of drawing by preschool childern. The point is to set up the essential themes of subjects drawn by preschool childern The technique used is one where the initial shape is given to the child. There are two groups of tested childern - one in the year 1991 and the second in the year 2006. The used method is TTCT - Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking - 2. part. Analysis and interpretation of obtained data is used to indentify possible advances in the subjects between the two groups. It will be possible to use this data and analysis the childern's work as part of the collected data for the possible standardization of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking for the childern at preschool age in the Czech Republic.
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Solving Problems with Primary School Pupils (with a View to the Strategy "Guessing the Answers")
Říhová, Miroslava ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor)
The goal of this diplima thesis is deseription and analysis of guessing stratégy at school during teaching. It is focused on the reasons of using this stratégy and its influence by a teacher. The text has two passages - the theoretical one and the empirie one. The theoretical part is done in context with the empirie data. We are mostly interested in the research, but the theory is important for understanding the context. The guessing stratégy here is compared with "Trial and error" stratégy, heuristic of "Generate and try" and "Heuristic exploration" and Bruneťs stratégy of "Focus gambling". The result of comparison these strategies with the guessing stratégy is our own defenition - producing some answers in problém situation involving schoolwork. The problém situation is construed as a necessity of making some performance. Empirie research is divided into three parts. Experimental data are from the elementary school. All these parts are particularly based on observetion of a contexts where the guessing stratégy was used. Some data were obtained by a quasiexperiment and by a short questinoary for teachers.
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Pupil's assignation of causef of success and failure
Saitlová, Barbora ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee) ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor)
The attribution process is connected with searching for the causes of the behaviour of the other people or our own behaviour. The effort to interpret and understand the causes of manners of the other people is the human natural tendency, which enables not only to understand the world, but also find its meaning. The attribution process proceeds mostly quite unwittingly and it is not simple. It is influenced, in particular, by lots of information and their veracity, by human ability to process information adequately, by individual's needs and interests and, of course, by individual's emotions. As we have lack of information in the given moment and we need to make decision how to behave, we have to not only search for the causes of the events but also atribute them. Thus cognitive information elaboration vicariously influence our behaviour and our motivation, too. However, a man attributes causes not only to the behaviour of the other people, but also to his own behaviour. It is a process, which precedes own behaviour outcome expectance and it is one of substantial components of cognitive motivation. The attribution process follows outcome (achievement or failure) and it is a part of evaluation. In the first part of my dissertation I deal with theoretical questions of causal attributions - Weiner's attribution...
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Creation of the Metaphors by Pupils, 8th Grade
Kurincová, Taťána ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor)
The scope of this thesis was to track the metaphorical creativity of the 8th grade students. The research took place in three classes: in regular elementary school class, in language elementary school class and in eight years high school class. The main issues I was dealing with were following: Are the 8th grade students able to create metaphoras and if so than what are the main characteristics of their creation. Which factors can help and which can hinder such their ability. Can we already notice at the age of such students major differences in their language creativity? The structure of my thesis derives from my previous experience connected to the research on knowledge of the metaphoras of elementary school students at first and from a deep analysis of the scientific literature on the creativity at second. I have decided after a detailed study to give two materials to different students which are focused on the affirmation of their verbal expression and on their ability to understand metaphoras and hence the ability to create them. The research itself took place in the following way: first the students were given the material on the orientative affirmation of their verbal expression and after a one-week break material on their ability to understand and to create metaphoras. One school lesson during...
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Images of Preschool-age Children about School
Voříšková, Daniela ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The work deals with the expectation of children before their entrance into the school. What do they know about school? What are the sources of their information? How are they prepared for the school? This work includes two parts. The first part is theoretical. It deals with imagination and imagery from the point of view of general psychology and developmental psychology. The second part includes the analysis (qualitative and quantitative) of interviews with preschol - age children and their drawings.
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Issues of Gifted Education in the Teacher Training for Primary School
Krčmářová, Tereza ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with issues related to implementation of the topic of gifted education into teacher training for primary schools. In the theoretical part of this thesis are prepared on the basis of scientific literature the most important findings concerning the theory and the concept of talent. Main attention is paid to personality of gifted child in preschool and primary school age, their identification, specific forms of behavior and potential problems. Following are summarized basic organizational forms, strategies and models of gifted education. Given the current trend of integration of pupils with special educational needs, the thesis focus on education of gifted students in regular classrooms. In the next section are described the specifics of development and state of the system of care for gifted pupils in the Czech Republic. The final chapter is devoted to issues of personality and teacher education. The aim of the research part of this thesis is in the action research based on the planning, re-implementation and evaluation of actual teaching to create unique design of course focused on issues of highly able pupils as part of teacher training for primary schools at the Faculty of Education, Charles University.
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Adaptation of Children to a Foreign-Language Environment of a Nursery School and Learning a Foreign Language
Medová, Šárka ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Valentová, Lidmila (referee)
Současný globalizovaný svět přináší sebou další, u nás zatím neprozkoumaný fenomén, a tím je cizí jazyk jako součást programu mateřských škol. Ačkoli odborná veřejnost upozorňuje, že předškolní systém vzdělávání na zapojení výuky jazyka není dosud připraven, představy veřejnosti jsou odlišné. Silně individualistická společnost jejímž znakem je vybírat z nepřeberného množství možností, si přeje uspokojit své potřeby tady a teď. Cizí jazyk se dnes stává samozřejmou součástí vzdělanosti, rozšiřuje další možnosti vzdělávání, cestování i pracovních příležitostí. Smíšená manželství už nejsou výjimkou. Veřejnost si proto žádá začít s výukou jazyka co nejdříve. Všeobecně je rozšířen názor, že malé dítě se učí jazyku podstatně snáze než dospělý. Už méně rodiče řeší fakt, že v současnosti v našem systému vzdělávání není v otázce výuky jazyka návaznost. I když si dítě částečně jazyk osvojí už ve školce, s dalším pokračováním výuky bude muset počkat až do třetí třídy. Dovednosti které získalo se ale po určité době vytratí, nebude li je používat. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Spirituality and life attitudes of human during the pre finem period
Pavelková, Monika ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is a close examination of spirituality and view of life among people who find themselves in the pre finem period. Spirituality is understood as a relation to sanctity of either religious or irreligious, intrinsic or extrinsic nature. Spirituality turns out to be of significance as a coping strategy, the means by which people come to terms with their illness and proximity to death. In this sense, we focus on the participants' search for the meaning of life, illness and death during the pre finem period. The basis of this thesis stems partly from the H. G. Koenig and K. L. Pargament's theory of religious coping. The belief in life after death, be it literal or symbolic, is understood as a coping strategy as well, with reference to Terror Management Theory or Meaning Management Theory. To evaluate the attitude towards illness and death we use the concept of five stages of grief developed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross based on her clinical experience, and the theory of Wong, Reker and Gesser, the authors of Death Attitude Profile Revised questionnaire (DAP-R). Eleven patiens from Dobrý Pastýř in Čerčany and Svatý Štepán in Litoměřice hospices participated in the research in April - October 2012. The data of the study were collected using semi-structured interviews and a further...
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