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The Policy of Pope Benedict XVI towards the Arab-Muslim Civilization
Šenkyřík, Jáchym ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor thesis The Policy of Pope Benedict XVI towards the Arab-Muslim Civilization focuses on how the pope Benedict XVI referred to Arab-Muslim civilization, how he cultivated the interreligious dialogue between Christianity and Islam, affecting to some extent the arrangement of relations within the international community, particularly between Europe and the Middle East. Although Muslims live on all continents (and thus they are rather diverse group in terms of nationality and ethnicity), the Arab region still belongs to the traditional cultural center of the Islamic religion. That is why the thesis examines pope's policy towards Arab-Muslim civilization, mainly presented through his speeches, interviews or symbolic gestures and rooted in Christian (particularly Catholic) understanding of the world and of a human destiny in it. The lecture of Benedict XVI delivered in September 2006 at the University of Regensburg that provoked some critical reactions towards the pope in the Muslim world, proved the necessity of deepening interreligious and intercultural dialogue with Islam. In the following years of Benedict's pontificate, Vatican actively participated in the development of mutual understanding, tolerance and respect. Benedict's relation and policy towards the Arab-Muslim civilization were...
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Food Supply of Düsseldorf Citizens and Supply Policy in the British Zone 1945-1948
Nigrin, Tomáš ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
Schon in den ersten Tagen nach dem Ausbruch des zweiten .Weltkrieges wurde das Rationierungssystem in Deutschland eingefuhrt. Eng verbunden mit der Kriegsentwicklung verschlechterte sich langsam auch die Situation der Zivilbevölkerung im Deutschen Reich. Die Menge der offiziell rationierten Nahrungsmittel sank im Zusammenhang mit wachsender Knappheit an Ressourcen und mit dem Verlust der besetzten Gebiete im Osten, die der brutalen nazistischen landwirtschaftlichen Exploitation unterstellt waren. Während des Krieges kam es aber nie zu einer steilen Senkung der Rationen. Erst im März 1945 kam es in Düsseldorf wegen der Annäherung der Front zum Zusammenbruch des Verwaltungs- und Versorgunssystems und zur Senkung der Rationen zum ersten Mal auf 1.000 Kalorien. Auch nach der Eroberung Düsseldorfs von der amerikanischen Armee verbesserte sich die Versorgungslage kaum. Der totale Zusammenbruch des Verkehrs- und Versorgungssystem verursachte langzeitige Mangel an rationierten Nahrungsmitteln. Bis Ende Sommer 1945 blieben die Rationen auf ungefähr 1.000 Kalorien und erst im Herbst kam es zu Verbesserung der Lage. Seit dem wiederholten sich periodisch bis zum Sommer 1948 periodisch die Winter- und Frühlingskrise und die Stabilisationsphase im Spätsommer und Herbst. Die Krise im Frühjahr 1947 war am längsten und am...
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Constitutional discourse of German reunification,1989-1994
Vančura, Matyáš ; Mlsna, Petr (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
This study deals with constitutional development of German reunification in the period from 1989-1994. The aim is to introduce constitutional discourse of German reunification as the decisive element of constitutional order of German federal republic. This discourse was very extensive and a large part of the general public got engaged in it. With its influence on individual decisions the discourse helped to anchor the legitimacy of the Basic Law, especially in the first years after reunification. For better orientation in the issue of German unification, the first chapter summaries the process of German separation and the emergence of the two German republics. The study then addresses the revolutionary developments in the DDR in 1989 that stood at the inception of the main part constitutional reunification discourse. The following chapter deals with the process of unification and focuses on individual agreements, which led to its realization. The penultimate chapter is dedicated to the search of a new constitutional order. The influence of discourse is confirmed particularly in the final section, which describes the activities of the Joint Constitutional Commission. The work of commission mirrored the discourse which had an influence on the commissions' final report that introduced the suggested...
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The German minority and the Prague Spring 1968
Kokošková, Petra ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
The proposed thesis The German Minority and Prague Spring 1968 focuses on changes in the life of the German population in the territory of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis deals with an influence of reviving process of the Prague Spring on the progress of status of the German minority in the Czechoslovakia, which was marginalized by that time. The author presented a detailed analysis of those events of year 1968, which related to the national minorities policy and led to reception of the constitutional law Nr. 144/1968 Sb., about the status of the national groups in the state. The law acknowledges, for the first time in the post-war history, the same rights for the German minority such as for the other national minorities living in the territory of the Czechoslovakia. The author studies activation of the members of the German minority for the purpose of formation of the cultural association. That was enabled just on the ground of the aforesaid constitutional law. The cultural association was founded and incorporated, among the other social organisations, into the National Front in spring 1969. On the account of an invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops in August 1968 and its consequences, such as background checks and personal changes in Kulturní...
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The year 1918 - a new beginning of the czech-german coexistence in Kašperské Hory?
Uhlich, Tereza ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the question of how did the coexistence between Czechs and Germans change after 28th October 1918 in Kašperské Hory, when the Czechoslovak republic was founded. This question is answered by giving historical context that goes up to 1908, the notional milestone of the local national conflicts. The paper presents in which position were the Germans in Kašperské Hory and how they perceived the new republic. It presents also the situation of the Czechs living as a minority in a German town after the republic establishment. Last but not least amicable moments will be outlined that came about thank to the mutual history.
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The Monastery and the City. The work of Broumov Benedictines in Rohr, Bavaria, after their relocation from Czechoslovakia
Šumníková, Kateřina ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šmidrkal, Václav (referee)
The relocation of the German Benedictines from Broumov as a part of the post-war transfer to Rohr in Niederbayern can be considered as a driver of renewal not only of the city itself, but also the entire region of Lower Bavaria. Due to the unflagging effort of the Benedictines from Broumov, the Monastery was renovated, the Monastery grammar school and the boarding school were built. Furthermore, their effort hugely contributed to the cultural and social development in the vicinity. This is followed by the events that preceded their arrival in Rohr and subsequent reactions of the Rohr inhabitants to their arrival are delineated. The objective of the main part of the Bachelor thesis is to map specific contributions of the Broumov Benedictines in Rohr in relation to education, culture, Church administration and the Czech- German dialogue. Special focus is paid on Anastáz Opasek, the Abbot of Břevnov. He played a crucial role in the improvement of the relationship between the Rohr Abbey and the Czech milieu. Finally, the thesis contemplates the possible fate of the Rohr Abbey in the future.
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The concept of "Schuldenbremse" as an instrument against indebtedness in the Federal Republic of Germany
Říhová, Dominika ; Mlsna, Petr (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
As a result of the rapidly rising debt in recent years, the Federal Republic of Germany has decided to stop this unfavourable trend. The approval and acceptance of the so-called debt brake (Schuldenbremse) into the Basic Law in 2009 was also supported by the fact that the amount of public debt significantly exceeded the defined limit by the convergence criteria. With the financial crisis and the associated debt crisis within the eurozone, it turned out that the rules set out in the Stability and Growth Pact are being handled by a few states, and therefore some states have, due to their irresponsible fiscal policy, faced serious problems which are characterized by the inability to repay their obligations. Consequently, austerity measures had to be taken and at the same time, other EU countries have been invited to adjust their public finances to contribute to the consolidation of Economic and Monetary Union. As a result, debt brakes or other measures were then embedded in national legislation to prevent further crises. The German debt brake is a set of seven constitutional laws, where the main assumption is the annual setting of balanced budgets, or balanced income and expenditure, both at federal and state level, in order to prevent new further indebtedness. It was stipulated that the state budget...
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The application of language law and language policy in the protection of minorities in Germany. Exemplified by the dispute of the Wendish municipalities Crostwitz and Radibor with the state of Saxony in the years 2001-2006
Hartmanová, Lenka ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
This master thesis deals with the apphcation of language law and language policy in the protection of minorities in Germany. In the conclusive case study the dispute of the Wendish Municipalities Crostwitz and Radibor with the State Saxony between 2001 - 2006 is analysed. The minority language protection in Germany cannot be understood properly without setting it in the broader intemational and European minority protection :framework. Intemational treaties and soft law of UNO, OSCE, Council of Europe and European Union create a complex system of protection. Particularly the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages by Council of Europe meant a breakthrough in minority protection. The Federal Republic of Germany recognises as minority languages on its territory Danish, Frisian, Romani, Sorbian, and Low German as a regional language. The thesis analyses the legal and institutional anchorage of the minority language rights in Germany. Essential for the vitality of a language is the socio - economic situation of its speakers. Many minority languages are used in economically weak regions and are threatened by a reflux of the speakers. The third pillar is the representation of the minority and regional languages in the culture and education, which enables and assures its transfer to future generations....
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Structural Policy of the town Duisburg in the years from 1994 untill 2004
Zajíc, Jan ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
6. Resümee Der Autor dieser Diplomarbeit hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt die Strukturpolitik der Stadt Duisburg in den Jahren 1994 bis 2004 darzustellen und zu analysieren. Es galt festzustellen, ob Duisburg auch weiterhin als graue, von der Industrie gezeichnete Stadt zu verstehen ist, oder auch Entwicklungen zu beobachten sind, welche zu einem Wandel der Industriestruktur, aber auch des Bildes der ganzen Stadt geführt haben. Die Ausgangslage ist als nicht leicht, ja sogar prekär einzuschätzen. Seit 1992 hat die Stadt Duisburg, wie die meisten kreisfreien Städte Nordrhein-Westfalens, keinen ausgeglichenen Haushalt mehr gehabt. Trotz enormer Konsolidierungsanstrengungen war der Anstieg der strukturellen Unterfinanzierung nicht aufzuhalten. Laut Art. 28 Abs. 2 GG steht den Gemeinden das Recht zu, "...alle Angelegenheiten der örtlichen Gemeinschaft im Rahmen der Gesetze in eigener Verantwortung zu regeln." Auf der anderen Seite aber befinden sich die Gemeinden in das mehrstufige Hoheitsgefüge des Staates eingebettet und beziehen als unterste Ebene von ihm abgeleitet ihre Hoheitsrechte. Sie sind in ihrem Handeln an die Gesetze und an ihre Treuepflicht gegenüber Bund und Land gebunden. Dies alles macht eine effektive Strukturpolitik komplizierter, da erstens die Mittel der Gemeinde nur http://www.dresdner-...
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The process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Case study: the relations between FRG and Poland during the rule of the first Law and Justice party (2005-2007)
Nováková, Tereza ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kochnowski, Roman (referee)
The thesis deals with the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945. Lily Gardner Feldman's invented a concept which defines the prerequisites for the reconciliation process. In her concept she defines four essential pillars of the reconciliation process - history, leadership, institutions and international context. Although Polish-German relations have undergone a long development and both sides have built up a stable and firm mutual relationship, it is possible to see changes within the four categories mentioned. The aim of this thesis is to outline the process of reconciliation in Polish-German relations after 1945 and capture the qualitative changes in mutual relations during the first rule of the Law and Justice party between 2005 and 2007, which represented a critical point in Polish-German relations and a change in the Polish foreign policy towards Germany since 1989. In the first part the thesis discusses the development of the Polish-German relations until the end of the 1990s, and in the second part of the thesis, the concept is applied to the Law and Justice party government's "critical" period (2005-2007), focusing on the four categories mentioned and on the most discussed topics. In the final part of the thesis there follows an evaluation of the validity of the used...
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