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The impact of working memory training on fluid intelligence in young-old adults
Štěpánková, Hana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
Description and explanation of a natural decline of cognitive functions during ontogenetic aging laid in a century of its history grounds for various experiments trying to find wals to slow down or revoke theis process of decline. One of the cognitive domains that has been gaining ever stronger attention among neuroscientists is working memory, which is interconnected with other functions, especially with attention, executive function and fluid intelligence. So far, there has not been reached a consensus regarding a model of working memory. Nevertheless, there are many efforts to describe it, to explain its role within cognitive processes, and to enhance performance. They resulted in various complex and also specialized interventions that are used also in studies focused on older persons. This study adds to the body of literature on transfer effects of working memory training in young-old persons (age 65-75 years; N=65). It is a randomized controlled study with 2 intervened and 1 passive control groups. The goal was to find about an effect of different numbers of training lessons (10 or 20 in 5 weeks) with a computer-based adaptive visually presented verbal n-back, on latent variables of working memory and fluid intelligence. The results showed an ability of older people to significantly improve their...
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Clinical research etics informed consent in clinical trial
Peterová, Marie ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee)
For several decades Clinical trials are a "back-bone" of new drug development. Even if Ethical codices and following legislation have been actualized many times professionals are still critical to it. There is no better way than to respect valid legislation. I am interested if valid legislation that applies to informed consent of the subject participating in the clinical trial is being followed in common practice. Methodology of World Health Organization which is called Rapid Assessment and Response was applied. It has been shown by this research that deviations from the law of informed consent process are numerous. Deviations from the law of informed consent process were found in case of investigators with very rich clinical trial experience. It has been shown that errors and oversights of Investigators are not only factual nature but also ethical nature. Ethical aspects of Investigator's errors and oversights are very often overshadowed. That is why the effort was made to detailed detection of these ethical aspects in the context of informed consent. Due to the importance of informed consent process and on the basis of this research sponsors and regulatory authorities should ensure improvement of current situation. It is important to monitor current situation by organizing of similar research to...
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Respect for human rights of mentally ill. Ethical aspects of involuntary hospitalization.
Petr, Tomáš ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the issue of involuntary hospitalization in the field of psychiatry. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is accompanied by a wide range of ethical issues and practical problems. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the involuntary hospitalization from several different points of view. I pay attention to international conventions and documents relating to the issue, reveal the historical roots of involuntary hospitalization, compare the situation in different European countries and mention some important judicial decisions concerning the involuntary admission of a person. Using a comprehensive approach I map all the important aspects of this sensitive area in health care provision. In the research part, using both - the quantitative and the qualitative approach, I offer a more detailed look at two selected aspects surrounding the involuntary hospitalization. The first part of the research is focused on the subjective experiences of involuntarily admitted patients. 88 patients participated in the research. These patients described their perception of coercion, the possibility or impossibility of influencing decisions about hospitalization and subsequent treatment, the level of autonomy and emotional experience. The second part of the research is aimed at...
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Alzheimer's Disease and Family Caregiver Burden. Impact of Alzheimer's Disease on Family Caregiver Psychosocial Health.
Zvěřová, Martina ; Jirák, Roman (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Zvolský, Petr (referee)
Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative illness and the most common of the dementing disorders. Only few diseases disrupt patients and their relatives so completely or for so long a period of time as Alzheimer 's. Caring is held to be very demanding and emotionally involving. Caregiver burden has been defined as a multidimensional response to emotional, social, physical, psychological, and financial stressors associated with the caregiving experience. The objective of the 1st study was to assess the degree of burden and its possible change in family caregivers of the long-term sick family member with progressive Alzheimer's disease during eight-month monitoring. In addition to the common psychiatric examination the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered in patients to indicate the severity of the dementia and the Zarit Burden Interview was administered in caregivers to assessed degree of burden. The total of 60 people have been examined - 30 patients with AD and 30 their caregivers (24 females, 6 males) were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague. At the beginning of the study there were 18 patients with mild stage of AD (60%), 11 patients suffered...
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Effectiveness of intensive care for the elderly
Flégrová, Veronika ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Jurašková, Božena (referee)
Title: Efficiency of Intensive Care of Seniors Senior patient is very fragile being, that often faces different illnesses and outgoing complications. In advanced age is senior's body already losing some defensive and compensational functions, which works good in adult age. Sometimes even clinical picture of current condition is not typical, in comparison with adult patient in productive age. Senior patients are troubled with hardly recognizable illnesses, hidden symptoms or more illnesses simultaneously. Beside this, there is complex impact on senior as a individuality, especially on his mental condition. Therefore is important to start recovery including rehabilitation, self-attendance training and optimization of social environment, in which will senior live after returning from hospital. In moment, when senior's basic living functions are seriously endangered, hospitalization on intensive care unit is required. Mostly it's intern care unit. In Czech Republic there is only one geriatric intensive care unit, which is situated in the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, on Gerontology and Metabolism Clinic. The main objective of this diploma paper is to describe this unit's activities and approach. Other goals are to compare data and work achievements with other units of similar care, respectively...
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The Application of Ethical Principles in the Development of the Health Care System
Válková, Monika ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Jurašková, Božena (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií Název oboru Filozofie Disertační práce (obor Aplikovaná etika) Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému The Application of Ethical Principles in the Development of the Health System Mgr. Monika Válková Vedoucí práce: Doc. prim. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, Ph.D. Praha 2013 2 Anotace Disertační práce na téma Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému je zaměřena na etické principy, které se promítaly ve vývoji zdravotnického systému v České republice. Solidarita, spravedlnost , rovnost a právo na zdraví jsou základní etické principy uplatňované ve zdravotnických systémech Z historického hlediska je solidarita nejstarším etickým principem , která měla vliv na utváření jednotlivých typů sociálních států v Evropě. Solidarita je zkoumána z pohledu vývoje sociálního zabezpečení v době nemoci a chudoby. Zdravotnický systém v České republice je hodnocen z hlediska uplatňování etických principů v různých etapách společenského uspořádání země od Rakouska Uherska a ž do současnosti. V praktické části disertační práce byly srovnávány s Českou republikou zdravotnické systémy Švédska a Francie dle etických principů solidarita, spravedlnost, rovnost a právo na zdraví Hlavním cílem disertační práce bylo prokázat na základě vybraných...
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The implementation of social services quality standards in residential facilities for elderly people - Ethical aspects
Štegmannová, Ingrid ; Havrdová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Janečková, Hana (referee)
1 Name of paper / Name of work The implementation of social services quality standards in residential facilities for elderly people - Ethical aspects Abstract The changes in the approach to the clients and adjustments of the run of the facility to their needs are one of the biggest long-term challenges for the service providers. The basis for the correct setting of all the parameters of service (process, personnel and operating) are standards in the quality of social services which involve certain principles and ethical values altogether. One of the essential tools in the changes in approach to clients is the principle of individualization of care, which can be achieved by setting the services to each client individually so that the service provided reflects their real need as much as possible. This dissertation focuses on the individualization of care as a significant indicator in the changes of approach to clients. We tried to figure how the individualization of care reflects in the attitudes of organizations to implement quality standards and how it affects the worker's personality and chosen organizational aspects. An interim goal of this paper was also to identify the ethical aspects which can accompany the introduction of quality standards into practice. We have chosen a method of quantitative...
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Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction in the Healthcare Workplace
Vránová, Lucie ; Kožená, Ludmila (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee)
The theme of the work is to identify and understand factors that contribute to overall employee satisfaction in the healthcare workplace. The theoretical part of the work is focused specifically on the main aspects of job satisfaction and covers important areas with an emphasis on psychosocial environment. The research section contains a comparison of anonymous testimony of the workers from two different wards on health, subjective perception of workload, the feeling of life satisfaction and well-being, working conditions and job satisfaction. The results should serve to develop a general guide, how to prevent staff stress and how the employer could help.
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