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Protection of personality in scope of legal philosophy and applicable law
Němec, Ronald ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Harvánek, Jaromír (referee) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
PROTECTION OF PERSONALITY IN SCOPE OF LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND APPLICABLE LAW 1. Summary We can see law from two main perspectives. Law is either complex of written regulations, which are prepared by human beings based on some interests or it is a complex of rules, which altough are written, but its nature are originating from higher normative system. First is a present perspective. Current law science is prefering valid law as complex of regulations published in statute book. What is not banned by law, is allowed. Though this law philosophy is leading to instability in society. Every year legislator is making hundreds of amendements and create new laws to cover new circumstances which appear in the society. Despite legislator effort is society further unsatisfied with legal state. Society claims that law is enforceable for those who are able to hire big law firms, which can find neccesary grey areas. Immanuel Kant among the first draw a problem between legality and legitimacy. But it is not only matter of legislator whether he acts legitimately or legally, but as well as of receiver of law norm. Is every legal act of the recepient of the legal order of the Czech Republic legal as legitimate? Legal yes, if in conformity with legal order. But is it even legitimate? And is it moral? For juspositivism is...
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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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The Topic of the Death in Existential Philosophy and its Influence on the Theological Reflection
Kuntová, Karolína ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Topic of the Death in Existential Philosophy and its Influence on the Theological Reflection" deals with the Death in work of existential philosophers as Martin Heidegger, Jean - Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers and Albert Camus. Authors concentrate on human being, which is direct to the Death. They mention about concepts, which influence of this perception of the Death, for example a freedom, an anxiety, a fear or a quilt. These concepts are importance to accept of the Death as a part of a human life. We can't omit the existence of God, who authors, without Karl Jaspers, decline. Diploma thesis deals with importance of the Death and what the Death tells for human. Authors concentrate on moment of the Death and subjective of the Death not only, but meaning of the Death in future too.
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Conception of Milan Kundera's novel
Čápová, Markéta ; Hrbata, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kubíček, Tomáš (referee)
S U M M A R Y The Bachelor's thesis on the topic of The conception of Milan Kuderas's novel consists of two parts. The main aim of the first part is to demonstrate the novel as a literary genre, acquaints with Kudera's opinion of the novel ad clarifies the term "kitsch" in literature. The second part of the Bachelor's thesis is focused on the Kundera's novels. Reveals their themes and motives, which often shows up in the more novels. Letters, imperfection of interpersonal communication, crisis human identity etc. Kundera's novels are returning to the past, however the presence plays an important role. Every age has its pros and cons and Kundera shows through his characters' actions both poles. The Bachelor's thesis deals with not only Czech written novels, but also Kundera's novels written in French.
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Phenomenon of Anxiety in Beckett's Endgame
Horčicová, Zdeňka ; KOUBOVÁ, Alice (advisor) ; MUSILOVÁ, Martina (referee)
My master thesis inspects the phenomenon of anxiety in Samuel Beckett's Endgame. In this thesis, anxiety is seen from the phenomenological perspective . However, the explanation of anxiety by psychology and psychiatry is offered as well, so that more complex understanding is enabled. An analysis of Beckett's play is highly influenced by phenomenology, especially by Martin Heidegger, and also by the daseinsanalysis. In these connotations, we inspect Endgame, especially the situation of characters on the stage and the world of the play itself as a mirroring of the real world. We show that human existence is one of the most significant sources of anxiety, that it is innate to almost every human being from time to time, and that it has a remarkable dramatic potential. Although there is no final explication of Beckett's play, my thesis attempts to get closer to its understanding through the phenomenon of anxiety.
As a part of this thesis, the translation of one part of Stanley Cavell's essay called Ending the Waiting Game is included, which tries to explain the meaning of Endgame in a different way.
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Jean- Paul Sartre´s ontology, it´s consequences and criticism
PAŠEK, Ivo
This work deals with Jean- Paul Sartre´s philosophy. It´s ontological principles examined in Being an nothingness, consequences of this principles for practical philosophy described in Existencialims is humanism and finally selected critical response. First part of the work is focused on terms being in itself and being for itself. Second part tries to present Sartre´s thoughts in the way author presented it in lecture Existentialism is humanism. And the third part deals with critical response.
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