|
|
Study of bioactive compounds of fennel
Mierna, Jana ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
The master´s thesis is focused on the study of biologically active compounds of fennel. The theoretical part describes basic characteristics of fennel and its chemical composition, further specifies plant´s biological active substances and antioxidants, also describes extraction techniques for obtaining these bioactive compounds, methods of their determination and verification of antimicrobial effect. In the experimental part were spectrophotometrically determined contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the prepared extracts of fennel tea, whole and crush spice. On the basis of extraction curves, antioxidant activity and potential antimicrobial activity against the selected microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens a Micrococcus luteus was determined in the samples with the highest values of the given bioactive substances. Among the all monitored extracts, the inhibitory effect was showed only by an aqueous extract of the fennel tea against the bacterial strain of Micrococcus luteus.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Functions of secondary metabolites of lichens
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Bouda, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of available literature about lichen secondary metabolites and their functions. Lichens produce a great variety of these compounds; most of them are unique to the lichen symbiosis and are not found in higher plants. Besides the role of these compounds in chemotaxonomy and systematics, lichen secondary metabolites exhibit various biological functions and can affect biotic and abiotic interactions of lichens with their environment. Well-known and often described functions of lichen substances include especially antimicrobial, antiherbivory and antioxidant activity, allelopathy, metal homeostasis and photoprotection. This thesis is focused on these functions and summarizes current knowledge in this area. Key words: lichen, secondary metabolites, allelopathy, antimicrobial activity, herbivory, antioxidant activity, photoprotection, metal homeostasis, pollution tolerance, literary review
|
|
|
Characterization of antioxidative and antimicrobially active substances in some types of wood
Ďatko, Tomáš ; Hlaváček, Viliam (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze antioxidant and antimicrobial active substances in woody plants. The theoretical part deals with characterization of these biologically active substances, the overview of selected types of woody plants and dividing of extraction techniques. Moreover, methods for determination antimicrobial activity were described. The experimental part is focused on preparation of bark extracts of birch, oak and willow using different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, DMSO) at various parameters (time, temperature). The concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity was set by using spectrophotometrical method. Subsequently antimicrobial activity of extracts was tested against the three microorganisms: Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens and Candida glabrata. The results show that the most antioxidant active substances are found in the willow bark and antimicrobial activity was showed very weakly in selected bark extracts.
|
|
|
Study of rose hip bioactive compounds
Konderla, Patrik ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
Purpose of this thesis was research the content of biologically active substances in herbal rosehip extracts and also determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of these extracts. Teoretical part describes informations about Rosa canina L., detailed specification of biologically active substances, specification of antioxidation and overview of methods determine antioxidant compound and antimicrobial activity. In the practical part was by combination of different solvents, procedures and herbal materials, made 21 extracts of Rosa canina L.. From measuring of these extracts, was made extraction curves and also was determined antimicrobial efficiency against bacterial strains Serratia marcescesns, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Results shows, that also all extracts has some antimicrobial activity, but only against microorganisms Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. Also was found that bud extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in ethanol, meanwhile rose hip extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in water.
|
|
|
Isolation of proteins from bovine oviductal fluid by affinity chromatography on DNA cellulose
Litváková, Rozálie ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
Oviductal fluid was collected from cow oviducts. Obtained material was lyophilized and separated by affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose. Proteins in non-binding and eluted fractions were identified electrophoretically, while those in the eluted fraction were further determined through application of the MALDI-TOF MS method. The complete oviductal fluid demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, glycosidase activity of proteins isolated from oviductal fluid was also tested. A column has been designed and prepared in order to avoid the possibility of glycosidase activity leading to degradation. In czech.
|
|
|
Isolation of proteins from sow oviductal fluid by affinity chromatography on DNA cellulose
Černá, Tereza ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
Oviductal fluid was isolated from sow oviduct and then frozen and lyophilized. The obtained material was separated by affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose and used as well for determination of antimicrobial and glycosidases activity. Two fractions - non-binding and bound - were obtained by affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose. Four protein zones were detected on the SDS-electrophoreogram in the binding fraction of chromatographic separation - three zones with relative molecular weight 15 000 - 21 000. These zones correspond by their relative molecular weights to relative molecular weight of histones. The last zone was corresponding to ~ 34 000. All of these zones were sent for identification using MALDI-TOF analysis. The antimicrobial activity was detected in the non-binding fraction and in oviductal fluid. Contrary to this, the antimicrobial activity was not present in the bound fraction, due to the fact that in this case only an insignificant amount of proteins was found in the bound fraction. The presence of the glycosidases activity was shown in oviductal fluid. (In Czech)
|
|
|
Isolation and characterisation of oviductal proteins involved in formation of sperm oviductal reservoir in cow
Kračmerová, Jana ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Postlerová, Pavla (referee)
The oviduct plays an important role in the complex process of fertilization and in the early phase of embryo development. Isolation and characterization of some components of bovine oviduct participating in the formation of oviductal sperm reservoir was a subject of the present study. Two affinity sorbents containing immobilized components of bull seminal plasma (non-separated proteins of bull seminal plasma and their phosphorylcholine binding fraction) were prepared and used for the study of interaction of immobilized ligands with components of oviductal epithelium. Two types of preparation of oviductal membrane proteins of the isthmus region were isolated: complete membrane proteins and the apical fraction of membrane proteins. These preparations were separated using prepared affinity matrices. in both cases only an insignificant amount of proteins was found in the adsorbed fractions. Further attention has been paid to the identification of four protein zones detected after electrophoretic separation in the presence of SDS (rel. mol. wt. 15 500 - 18 500) in the fraction of apical membrane proteins. These proteins were identified after the electrophoretic separation and tryptic digestion using MS analysis as bovine histones H4, H2A typ 2-C, H2B typ 1-K a H3.3. Proteins identified as bovine...
|
|
|
Antimicrobial activity of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) aminoderivatives
Kvasničková, E. ; Masák, J. ; Šícha, Václav
We carried out experiments focused on the determination of the antimicrobial acitivity of selected representatives of cobalt bis{dicarbollide) aminoderivates. lt was proved, that studied yeast strain C. parapsilosis DBM 2165 is not sensitive to the cobalt bis{dicarbollide) or its aminoderivatives. Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa B-59188 is weakly susceptive to cobalt bis(dicarbollide), but no significant inhibition of growth by cobalt bis(dicarbollide) aminoderivatives was observed. The highest effect on inhibition of microbial growth was confirmed in the case of gram-positive bacteria 5. aureus. This observation demonstrates the real possibility of using these substances in the treatment of infection caused by gram-positive bacterial strains.
|
guest ::
