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Premature Newborns and Body Contact Issue
Dvořáčková, Lucie ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Houšťková, Hana (referee)
The thesis provides comprehensive insight into the issue of body contact in premature newborns. Having been born prematurely, the baby has suddenly and unexpectedly lost the contact with the mother. A parental touch full of love is one of the first ways of helping the newborn and renewing the contact with it. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part presents a brief overview of certain aspects of neonatology and body contact issues. This part, in the form of a coherent text, provides the reader with a comprehensive introduction into the topic. The empirical part aims to map active participation of mothers in premature newborn care. It explores the techniques of kangaroo care, their availability to premature newborns' mothers and support of these techniques by nurses. It evaluates the extent of nurses' awareness of the technique of butterfly touch massages and its practical use. It contains research carried out in five perinatological centers in the Czech Republic. The method used to collect necessary data and verify the hypotheses was questionaire. I had formulated eight hypotheses - five in relation to nurses caring for premature newborns and three applying to their mothers. The research sample contained 166 respondents, nurses working in the newborn section...
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Prevention and importance of ventilator associated pneumonia in the intensive care
Sekerka, Pavel ; Kolář, Martin (advisor)
Synopsis Ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) presents a severe complication in the care for the mechanically-ventilated patient and its importance rises with the increasing number of resistant microorganisms, which causes VAP. VAP increases morbidity and mortality of the patients, prolongs their hospitalization and leads to the increase of direct and indirect treatment expenses. Options of treatment are sometimes difficult, costly and inefficient, thereby the need to prevent the occurance of VAP by employing a set of preventive measures is needed. Employing and enforcing those measures can decrease the incidence of VAP and thus to improve prognosis of the critically-ill patients in the intesive care. The goal of the experimental part of this thesis was to audit the employment of these preventive measures in practice. A survey using questionnaires and observing the situation on KAR FNKV have shown, that some measures are performed correctly, while some present a space for improvement, some are performed incorrectly or not at all.
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Creation and implementation of nursing standards in terms of emergency medical care
Mathauser, Radek ; Vrzáček, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlíř, Marek (referee)
This work deals with the creation and implementation of standard nursing practice in a specific environment prehospital emergency care in the Medical Emergency Service Královéhradecký region. Study work is close to the case study. Author in the theoretical part defines the quality of health care from different perspectives and expectations of individual actors within the system of health services, reflects on the historical development of quality management and standards as its principal tool in the general form and applied. In detail, the author tries to define the pre-hospital emergency care (PNP) as a specific field and describe its evolution in diverse global and domestic formats. In conclusion, the author attempts to define the quality of the PNP under the criteria drawn from published materials and their own perspective of the provider. The practical part describes the author of various articles making process and implementation of standard nursing practice for paramedical crews rapid medical assistance (EPA) in the Working Group on Education and Standardization EMS Královéhradecký region. The conclusion discusses the results of a qualitative study - focus group member working group in order to analyze the strengths and weaknesses in the process and submit their own work due his own...
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Options of continual glycemia monitoring in critically ill patients and treatment of hyperglycemia with the use of insulin algorithms
Bláha, Jan ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Matějovič, Martin (referee) ; Vaněk, Tomáš (referee)
Glycaemia control is nowadays one of the most discussed topics in intensive care. The landmark Leuven study, which has brought hyperglycaemia in intensive care to the centre of interest, demonstrated that tight glycaemia control (TGC) targeted to maintain euglycaemia between 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/l reduced mortality and frequency of organ complications associated with critical illness. Although this study was published eight years ago, there is still no general agreement about approach to tight glycaemia control in critically ill patients. Doubts have been raised about both the universality of intensive glycaemia control, and especially its safety in terms of potential damage to patients by episodes of hypoglycaemia. Our studies did not focus on questions of importance or risk of TGC, but we concentrated on key point of hole TGC concept - on glycaemia control in critically ill patients itself. The aims of our studies were the research of subcutaneous adipose tissue as an alternative-site for continuous glucose measurements in ICU patients, and comparison and development of insulin algorithms for hyperglycaemia treatment and normoglycaemia management. We demonstrated good correlation between arterial and interstitial subcutaneous glucose concentrations in critically ill patients undergoing deep hypothermia. We...
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Producing evidence in civil proceedings with a special regard to disputes in the area of medical care
Holčapek, Tomáš ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee) ; Uhlíř, David (referee)
Holčapek, T., Evidence in Civil Litigation with Emphasis on Disputes Arising from Medical Care, doctoral thesis, Charles University in Prague, Law Faculty, 2010. The doctoral thesis focuses on the issues of fact-finding in general and evidence in particular, all within the framework of rules of civil proceedings and with regard to lawsuits that result from the providing of medical care. It analyses the factual prerequisites which need to be found (proven) in order to establish liability of the health care provider for personal injury or interference with personality rights of the patient, and discusses who bears the evidentiary burden in their respect, how persuasive the proof has to be and what techniques for the lightening of such burden (e. g. factual presumptions or utilisation of loss of chance or other concept of proportional liability) are employed by various legal systems. The thesis builds on the comparison between Czech law and rules used in other legal areas, including both continental law and common law countries. Keywords: health, medical care, civil liability, civil proceedings, evidence
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Software for Processing of Head Position Sensor Data
Slávik, Vladimír ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Čížek, Martin (advisor)
The paper introduces briefly topics of retinal detachment, vitrectomy and applicable postoperative care. A system for increasing patient comfort is described, which continuously records and signalizes head tilt. The software part of aforementioned system is implemented, using C++ Builder programming environment and helper libraries supplied by system's hardware component vendors. This software application allows user to analyze recorded data and manage the system. Application's user interface and usage is described in detail, as well as implementation details concerning internal functions and organization.
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Wireless Nurse Care Calling
Bubník, Karel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Harabiš, Vratislav (advisor)
This work describes the design, construction a performance of such a complete wireless pager suitable for health care centers, rest homes, home application, for example for calling an attendant. This appliance is designed to be easy to attendance. A wireless transceiver is simplified and is attended only by one button. A wireless receiver also doesn't require a complicated manipulation. The aim is to create pager, which will be an useful assistant thanks to its price and simple construction.
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Evaluation of anthropometric parameters at polytraumatic patiens.
Broulíková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
1 Abstract The evaluation of anthropometric paramters is one of an assessment of nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The correct designation of this condition is necessary to determine the patient's prognosis and further treatment to prevent or capture the first signs of developing malnutrition. This negatively affects the patient's condition and cause the development of other complications and prolonged treatment. In this study, anthropometric data collection were examined in polytraumatic patients. Examinations were conducted over a period of 8 months on Unit of the intensive care. The examination shall be subjected to a total of 20 patients with polytrauma different aged 15-64 years, 15 men and 5 women. The results were listed and evaluated examinations at 12 patients, the remaining patients could not be observed in the results of the work for missing data. Patients were examined twice during hospitalization, the basic length of the interval between inspections was 2 weeks. The results were statistically processed and evaluated the changes in some anthropometric parameters between the two measurement periods. Attention has been focused on prognostic indicators of nutritional status - the value of weight, BMI, left arm circumference, thickness of triceps skinfolds, FM (fat mass), FFM (fat- free...
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Chronic Patients' Depression
Pečinková, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
This thesis "Chronic Patients' Depression" looks into Alzheimer's disease patients' depression. Theoretical part focuses on topics of old age, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and depression. These topics are described also in their associations. Current researches in the field of study are mentioned too. Practical part deals with presence of depression in Alzheimer's persons. Hypothesis that depression is more frequent in early stage of dementia is tested. In the research there is used standardised method - Yesevage's Geriatric Depression Scale. Other methods which can bring new information is also used (Geriatric Depression Scale filled in by caring persons and structured observation). The outcome is 9,7% Alzheimer's patients suffer from depression. More persons with depression we can find in a group of Alzheimer's early stage however difference between group of early and advanced stage is not significant. This study occupies with assets of other methods for diagnostic of depression.
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Psychological aspects of care of a person with Alzheimer's disease
Malíková, Barbora ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
The master thesis, "Psychological Aspects of Care of a Person with Alzheimer's disease," focuses on the issues of family caregivers and their long experience with the care of a close relative. The thesis emphasizes the transition of the death of a close person with Alzheimer disease and the life that follows. The theoretical part contains explanations of important terms such as Alzheimer disease, care and caregiver. It follows the caregivers career from the onset of the disease until the period after the death of the care recipient. Further, it reflects how caregivers experience and understand the care. The empirical part introduces qualitative research - semi-structured interviews with fourteen former caregivers. It interprets several important topics from the period of the care and the period after the death of the care recipient. Lastly, it makes the recommendations on where the professionals should target their help.
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