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Parental Stress and Coping Following the Birth of a Preterm Infant
TOMÁNKOVÁ, Barbora
The degree work deals with the parents of pre-maturely-born children. The part dedicated to theory handles the issue of the immaturity of prematurely-born children including the latest trends in nursing the given children. The other issue tackled in this part is the family and its specifics concerning a prematurely-born child and the choices of how to enhance the family. This part also focuses on the communication with and the expertise of people working in the field involved in the care of premature children and their parents. The target of the work has been to discover and reflect upon what the mothers of prematurely-born children are experiencing, what needs they may have in the field of communication with and expertise of the healthcare staff and to define what enhancing therapy interventions are at the disposal of parents while their children are hospitalized. To achieve the targets of my work, quality research has been conducted and the method employed was asking questions and a semi-standardized interviewing technique of the mothers of prematurely-born children and the people working in the field. In addition, the document?s contents analysis was completed. The research files were formulated by the people working in the field from the obstetric facility ?The Institute for Mother and Child Care? and by the mothers of prematurely-born children who gave birth at the above healthcare facility. Another intention of the research was to confront the views of mothers of prematurely-born children with the approach of the people working in the field. Resultant from the analysis of the above testimonies, hypotheses have been inferred. The work points out the necessity of a tender approach, of providing emotional support and also empathetic communication from the side of the healthcare staff. Further, the healthcare staff should be trained on how to provide timely-crisis enhancement to the parents. The expertise of the staff is also important in providing the complex follow-up mental and social support to the parents. The outcomes of the degree work may be applied as a feedback for the particular healthcare facility and/or generally to improve the care quality for parents of prematurely-born children.
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Ebola as a medical and social problem
Gantsetseg, Purevsuren ; Hladká, Petra (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: The aim of bachelor thesis is about the preparedness of health care facilities. The unexpected epidemic of Ebola 2014 in West Africa has become an international concern and the preparedness of health care facilities, prevention and control of this disease have become a major issue of concern. Methodology: For the development of the thesis, we chose a qualitative method, a form of research was an interview. The questions were designed in our own creation. The interview was conducted by epidemiological workers in surveyed health care facilities. The main objective of the research was to determine, what the methodologies in health care facilities are during admission and stay of a patient with Ebola. Results: From our analysis, the survey indicates that the organizational structure of hospital care ensures that patient with Ebola are handled according to the Government decree no. 15/2013 and health care facilities proceed according to the directive for unified procedure. In the development of an extraordinary incident, this is subjected to the International Health regulations in relation to the occurrence of highly dangerous infectious diseases in a health care facility. Another finding is that health professionals are familiar with the procedures in care of an Ebola patient by developed...
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Patients'Recruitment Issues in Clinical Trials
Hrubá, Dagmar ; Doskočil, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štegmannová, Ingrid (referee)
This thesis examines patient recruitment in clinical trials. It is a current and pressing issue, which is not sufficiently embedded in the thinking of doctors and patients, their patterns of communication, and more broadly in the traditional doctor-patient relationship, which continues to be burdened by post-socialist paternalism. The formal framework and ethics have been developed relatively recently, and their application causes confusion to all participants regarding how to proceed in specific situations. In addition, the choice of topic, and especially the form of dealing with the topic, was motivated by the relative lack of academic resources and publications in the field. The theoretical section of the thesis defines clinical research and its phases, and introduces basic terminology and documents closely linked to clinical research. In addition, it focuses on research ethics, thoroughly examining the issue of informed consent - a fundamental document necessary for recruiting a patient in a clinical trial. Finally, one chapter of the thesis focuses on the issue of medical literacy, the level of which is integral to the participants' understanding of the importance of clinical research, and directly affects participants' decision-making. The empirical section is divided into two parts. The...
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An Analysis of Speech Problems in Persons with Parkinson?s Disease
Šimonková, Ivona ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Voldřichová, Michaela (referee)
The thesis deals with the diagnosis of impaired communication ability of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. The theoretical part surveys the up to now knowledge of Parkinson's disease, speech problems connected with Parkinson's disease and specific possibilities of logopaedic diagnosis. In the practical part the speech of people suffering from Parkinson's disease is assessed. Dysarthric speech impairments are assessed in relation to the length of Parkinson's disease. Test 3F (used for diagnosing dysarthric patients) is used to examine a group of people suffering from Parkinson's disease. The people are divided into three groups according to the length of their disease.
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Production of Selected Yeast Metabolites Applicable to Food Supplements
Němcová, Andrea ; Čertík, Milan (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments of plants also produced in many bacteria, and fungi. They represent one of the widest group of natural antioxidants with significant biological effects and numerous of industrial applications. There is an increased interest in carotenoids as natural antioxidants for their ability to reduce chronic diseases, various pathological stages and aging. The area of their application concerns mainly food industry; however, they are used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industry as well. One possibility is study of potential of red yeasts that are able to convert various substrates into carotenoid pigments. In presented thesis carotenogenic yeast belonging to the genus Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Cystofilobasidium were tested for ability to use of selected waste substrates and also random mutagenesis in order to increase the production of biomass and specific metabolites – carotenoids and other lipid-soluble substances. As alternative nutrient sources derived from waste substrates from agricultural and food production (rapeseed substrate, rice, wheat, apple fiber, pasta and lignocellusic materials) were tested. To selected production media extracellular hydrolytic enzymes or commercial enzymes degrading polysaccharide were added. All tested red yeast strains were able to utilize these substrates as the only carbon source and simultaneous produce carotenoid enriched biomass. In this work, characterization of carotenogenic yeast using molecular techniques was studied. For this usage, interspecific variables of strongly conserved sequences of genomic DNA, especially rDNA D1/D2 large ribosomal subunit and ITS1 and 5,8-ITS2 rDNA regions were amplified. These sequences were subjected analysed by DGGE method to compare differences of carotenogenic yeasts. Isolation procedure of the intact DNA were optimized for caryotypic yeast characterization by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The karyotype of tested yeasts contain visible differences between yeast species and genera.
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Position Analysis of the Health Insurance Companies in the Health Service System in CR
Přikrylová, Jana ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Czesaný, Slavoj (referee)
The object of the Bachelor's work is to analyze the present position of the health insurance companies in the health system of the Czech Republic. First of all I characterize the particular health service systems existing in the world in my work. Further I am concerned with the health service system in this country, with its development, financing and, especially, with the role of the health insurance companies in this system. A special attention is devoted by me to the health insurance which is the main income of the health insurance companies; and to its redistribution. I analyze problems of the public health insurance system as well as of the health insurance companies. In a further part I deal with the health insurance system in U.S.A. where the health insurance is voluntary and therefore it is set up on a commercial base, whereas the public general health insurance in CR is compulsory. I compare advantages and disadvantages of the health service systems in CR and U.S.A. and on base of this analysis I will prove that the Czech medical service is instable economically; that it comes to wasting as the patient has no choice to choose the care according to the quality and price; it comes to reduction of the availability of medical services; the patients have no possibility of paying extra money for a service of higher quality even if they have enough money for that. At the end on the basis of the analysis of functioning of both these systems I indicate which way the reform of the medical service in this country could proceed.
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Evaluation of efficacy and bio-distribution of AAV5-miHTT in HD minipig brain
Bohuslavová, Božena ; Juhás, Štefan ; Juhásová, Jana ; Ellederová, Zdeňka ; Motlík, Jan
Healthy minipigs (n=29) were pre-screened for serum AAV5 neutralizing antibodies (NABs) in serum by uniQure. Conclusions: Intrastriatal/intrathalamic bilateral application of AAV5-CAG-miHtt(3e13/1e13gctotal) or PBS/Sucrose (54μl/216μl) similarly to AA5-CAG-GFP didn´t cause any neurological deficit in transgenic as well as wild type animals. The body weight increased in all animals 84 days after AAV5-CAG-miHtt/PBS-Sucroseintrastriatal/intrathalamic delivery with two exceptions TGanimal L616 (AAV5-CAG-miHtt1e 13g ctotal) and WTanimal L485 (AAV5-CAG-miHtt3e13gc total). The TG boar N176 from group VII (PBS/Sucrose) died during narcosis 56 days after IP/IT application), shortly after CSF and blood collection.The boar breathed heavily and intermittently, then the heart stopped beat and resuscitation failed. We immediately flushed them by 20 L of PBS with heparin and collect all tissues. All animals had normal food consumption. Inflammatory proces in AAV5-CAG-miHtt (1e13 gc total) seems to be similar to PBS/Sucrose injected animals accompanied with no detectable histological pathologies.
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Antioxidative effects of the analogues of nucleic acid components.
Procházková, Eliška ; Mertlíková Kaiserová, Helena (advisor) ; Zusková, Iva (referee)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) naturally occur in the organisms where they play e.g. signaling and antimicrobial roles. The imbalance between ROS production and removal results in the oxidative stress. This condition is largely considered as unfavourable leading to the oxidative damage of the biomolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). The oxidative stress accompanies a number of civilization diseases and may also arise as a consequence of pharmacotherapy (side effects of some drugs). Modulation of the oxidative stress with the use of antioxidants remains a subject of intense research. The analogs of nucleic acid components represent a structurally diverse class of compounds with important pharmacological potential. While their antiviral and cytostatic activities have been described in detail, information on their potential antioxidant activity is missing. The aim of this study was to identify the antioxidant activity in a series of 126 analogs of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases and to describe structural motives responsible for this activity. Several methodological approaches have been used to reach the goal: 1) determination of the ability of the compounds to scavenge ABTS radical in vitro (TEAC), 2) the influence of the compounds on lipid peroxidation and 3) their ability to...
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