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Stalinist Period in Czechoslovakia - Its Interpretation and Teaching in Secondary Education
Hána, Petr ; Jirásková, Věra (referee) ; Havlůjová, Hana (referee)
1950s may be classified as one of the worst periods in Czechoslovakia's history. The totalitarian communist regime in the period between 1948 and 1953 is called the Stalinism. The primary objective hereof was to evaluate teaching about the Stalinism period in Czechoslovakia in secondary schools, in particular, to assess the scope of correctness and completeness of the related curriculum and teaching methods. The secondary objective hereof was to introduce and describe the Stalinism as a typical example of totalitarianism and to define crucial elements of this non-democratic form of government using the example of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953. The thesis proceeds from the theoretical part via a case study to the practical part. The first part classifies totalitarianism, defines its historical outset and determines its main features. The second chapter describes and explains the Stalinism, which is a typical example of totalitarianism having functioned in practice in the Soviet Union from where it spread to the majority of the Communist countries, including Czechoslovakia. The third chapter explains the practical application of the Stalinism elements and methods used to control a society according to the Soviet model using the example of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953. The practical part hereof focuses...
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Social metabolism in Czech and Czechoslovak territory in historical perspective
Grešlová, Petra
This dissertation is based on the conceptual framework of social metabolism and it applies methods of Material and Energy Flow Analysis and Ecological Footprint. It studies interactions between human activities and natural environment in Czech/Czechoslovak territory from the historical perspective (after the division of Czechoslovakia for Czechia and Slovakia together). The term of social metabolism is a metaphor inspired by biology. Society or human economy similarly to a living organism which extracts materials from the earth, processes biophysical materials to maintain itself and emits its wastes back. So the economic system functions in an analogy to a living organism and those processes are called "social" or "industrial" metabolism. This dissertation comprises seven individual empirical studies: (I) An introduction to a research topic covered in following articles. It is based on the work of leading world environmental historian and it interprets selected Czech realities within the context of the world environmental history. (II) The historical series of MEFA indicators together with ecological footprint. (III) An article which applies the ecological footprint method on the ecological farm in comparison to conventional agriculture in the context of more foreign studies on this topic. (IV) An...
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Dispute over the third resistance
Konopásek, Štěpán ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
Thesis is focused on the analysis of public debate which occured in context of adoption of the Act on anti-communist resistance. In the first part, there is prepared background for the summary chapter about the current state of research in the field of anti-communist resistance and opposition between 1948 and 1989, as well as reminded leading terminological and normative discussions of this issue. The following part is focused on the analysis of the discourses of actors within the dispute over the third resistance. There are examined attitudes of political parties, as well as memory conflict between the 1950s' anti-communist resistance actors and the 1970s and 1980s dissidents. Keywords Czechoslovakia, opposition, resistance, communist regime, Act on anti-communist resistance
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U.S. and the Czechoslovak Crisis in 1938: Policy of Appeasement?
Jáč, Marek ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Smetana, Vít (referee)
This Master thesis, U.S. and the Czechoslovak Crisis in 1938: Policy of Appeasement?, examines the policy of the United States in 1938 during the dispute between Czechoslovakia and Nazi Germany over the Sudeten German issue. This paper is a case study and it analyzes a diplomatic correspondence and public statements of key representatives of U.S. foreign policy in the period March to October 1938. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the U.S. policy towards the Czechoslovak crisis and to consider whether or not the U.S. policy could be labeled as a policy of appeasement. There are four chapters. The first chapter recapitulates U.S. foreign policy before 1938, briefly describes issues of appeasement and describes the Czechoslovak-U.S. relations before 1938. The second chapter deals with U.S. policy during the so-called May crisis. The third chapter focuses on U.S. policy during the Munich Conference. The fourth chapter analyzes attitudes and actions of U.S. representatives in the time of the Munich Conference.
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The Failure of Democratic Socialism - The Inner Development of National Socialists and Social Democracy in the First Year after the Second World War (Spring 1945 - Summer 1946)
Drda, Václav ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmidrkal, Václav (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on inner development of two democratic socialist parties in the afterwar Czechoslovakia. The first one is Československá strana národně socialistická (The Czechoslovak National socialist Party). The second party is Československá sociální demokracie (The Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party). Both parties were included in total amount of six parties allowed by National Front. The goal of the thesis is to present the development of both parties (since May 1945 to summer 1946) with focus on clarifying the reason of failure in parlamentiary election. In the first and second chapter the choice of the theme has been explained and the evaluation of used literature is presented. The third chapter shows the political development among the National Front parties in spring 1945 (before Czechoslovakia liberation). The next chapter is focused on the period between the end of the II. World War and autumn 1945, when both parties were reestablished. The focus of my study lies on the inner organisational structure of both parties - from the top positions to the lowest ones. The chapter contains research about the different ideological groups insied the parties. The fifth chapter describes the reestablishment of the The Czechoslovak National socialist Party and The Czechoslovak Social...
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Presidential elections in 1935
Samková, Marcela ; Šmíd, Marek (advisor) ; Petráček, Tomáš (referee)
Presidential election in 1935 This work concentrates on presidential election in 1935, when the second Czechoslovakia president was elected. There is a description of internal political relations from 1929, which precede the election, presidential candidates and their chances for success. Next part of the study describes opinions of politics relations, which decided election and opinion of the President T. G. Masaryk. Work includes the point of view of newspaper, which were published in 1935. At the end of work are election results and their impact on Czechoslovakia.
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Markvartice during 20. century
Veselá, Anna ; Dvořáková, Michaela (advisor) ; Županič, Jan (referee)
The goal of this paper is to assess the impact historical events of the 20th century had on the town of Markvartice. The paper documents chronologically the historical evolution of the town in reaction to significant political, economic and social changes. It aims to show how important historical events influenced the life of a small town in the Vysocina region. It describes life in the town through both World Wars, the golden era of the First Republic, the 40 years of communist rule and gradual social reforms in the 1990's. The history of the town is set in the context of the historical evolution of the entire region and with a focus on testimonials of survivors. The paper also shed light on the destiny of the Premonstrate monastery in Nova Rise. This was monastery was charged with maintaining the town's spiritual well being and hence its tribulations also influenced life in the town. Key words: Markvartice, war, First Rrepublic, socialism, Czechoslovakia, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
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The new ecclesial laws in 1949
Futera, Stanislav ; Hrdina, Antonín (advisor) ; Plavec, Karel (referee)
The topic of the thesis are so-called "new ecclesiastical laws" accepted in 1949, that had served as one of the power tools for the oppression of the Churches and the control over the society. Within the chapters in sequence I deal with the description and genesis of these new ecclesiastical laws, received by Czechoslovak communist regime in 1949 and their importance not only for the confessional law of the following period until now. In this context I ask the question what are the extent effects not only for the life of the Churches, esp. the Catholic Church, but also for the mentality of the contemporary Czech society in relationship with the Church. This thesis is concerned with three spheres that are necessarily interconnected: First, the legislation of these laws themselves, second, the social reception of the Church interlinked with these laws, and third sphere is also the projection of these laws into the political rhetoric nowadays. The goal of the thesis is to reveal the deep interconnection and dynamics of the three spheres given, and explore how the way they were manifested in the past, and have consequently been manifested until these days. Keywords Czechoslovakia, 1949, ecclesiastical laws, the power and the law, present time: law, society and politics.
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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Prospect of Violent Solution in the Crisis of the Communist Regimes in 1989: The Case of Czechoslovakia from the Central European Perspective
Netolická, Zuzana ; Kopeček, Michal (advisor) ; Tůma, Oldřich (referee)
The bachalor thesis deals with the prospects of violent solutions of the events in Czechoslovakia in 1988 and 1989. To compare, there are outlined the events in Central Europe, to that this work also counts, except Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary and GDR. The bachalor thesis is dividet into two parts. The first one has two chapters. In these is a description of the events in the second half of the eighties in Central Europe. In the second part of the thesis is described what kind power and party bodies were involved in deciding on possible interventions and who conducted actions. The final chapter explains three main factors that influences the course in 1989. The main sources of work are archival materials from the meeting of the Central Committee, collection Securitas imperii and interviews with senior communists. The result of work is that prospects of violent solution was very small, because the situations has influenced by several consequential factors.
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