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Death and finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre
Chvojková, Kristýna ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Death and Finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre" compares the accounts of human death and, above all, mortality in the work of J.-P. Sartre and K. Jaspers. Although both authors are often seen as existentialist philosophers, their attitudes toward death are very different. According to Sartre, man cannot relate to their own death because death does not belong in any way into the structure of being-for- itself, which means that it cannot have any sense for them. On the contrary, according to Jaspers, a human being can relate to their death through anxiety in boundary situations. Their facing the situation without trying to cloud their mortality results into their capability to differentiate between the things that are not valuable with regard to temporal finitude of human life, and existential moments above time that have a value that does not disappear with death. As a result of becoming conscious of their mortality, man actualizes their existence, becoming thus more "themselves". Contrarily, Sartre's account leads to the conclusion that man cannot be aware of their mortality - nevertheless, they are afraid of being deprived of their freedom after their death by the others. Unlike Sartre, Jaspers sees the self as a multidimensional entity, which makes it possible to say that death has a...
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Arrow-Debreu Model of General Equilibrium
Juřena, Filip ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Adam, Tomáš (referee)
Arrow-Debreu Model of General Equilibrium Filip Juřena Abstract In this thesis, we deal with the Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium, which is an integrated model of production, exchange and consumption. At the beginning, we present and discuss the original assumptions of the Arrow-Debreu model, i.e. the assumptions introduced by Kenneth J. Arrow and Gerard Debreu in 1954. Under these assumptions, Arrow and Debreu proved the existence of a general equilibrium. As a part of the proof, Arrow and Debreu showed that the equilibria of their model are the same as the equilibria of an abstract economy, or a generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP). We describe the GNEP and look at whether there is a connection which allows to apply results developed by researchers from other disciplines to the Arrow-Debreu model. A part of the thesis is dedicated to a two-factor, two-commodity, two-consumer model, which is based on the original assumptions of Arrow and Debreu. In order to find the solution, we use a method called applied general equilibrium modelling and a software called GAMS. We examine the impact of better technology and taxes on consumers and producers. We have brief remarks on applications of the model at the end.
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The Theory of Judgment in School of Brentano and in the Early Work of Husserl
Janoušek, Hynek ; Urban, Petr (advisor) ; Moural, Josef (referee) ; Šebestík, Jan (referee)
The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the nature and of the development of Brentano's theory of judgment. This description is followed by an introduction to the further development of Brentano's theory in the work of Brentano's most distinguished students Kazimierz Twardowski (1866-1938), Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), Anton Marty (1843-1914) and Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). The thesis is divided into five parts: The first part is dedicated to the explanation of Brentano's theory of judgment and starts with an interpretation of Brentano's two early books on Aristotle - On the several senses of Being in Aristotle (1862) and The Psychology of Aristotle (1867). The thesis presents Brentano's understanding of "being" in the sense of truth, his interpretation of the Aristotelian categories, his theory of parts and wholes, and his theory of intentionality and self-consciousness. Our interpretation then proceeds to Brentano's most known work, i.e. to Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874), and presents the basic concept of this book, the concept of psychical phenomena. The resulting classification of psychical phenomena into three kinds introduces judgments as a kind of psychical phenomenon whose main feature consists in existential affirmation or rejection of an intentional object....
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Phenomenological conception of architecture of Christian Norberg-Schulz
Horáková, Tereza ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to present the theory of Norwegian theorist of architecture Christian Norberg-Schulz. The thesis focuses on the development of his mindset from analytical approach to the phenomenologically based premises. Norberg-Schulz's phenomenological conception, which was significantly influenced by philosopher Martin Heidegger, represents an innovative way of perceiving the field of architecture. Hence the space gains an existential dimension for Norberg-Schulz. The existential dimension along with the conception of specific place is the crucial concern of Norberg-Schulz's phenomenology of architecture. The thesis deals with this main Norberg-Schulz's conception of human spatiality and in conclusion confronts it with the situation of the contemporary architecture.
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Ethical values in the works of Ladislav Fuks
Čápová, Markéta ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
anglicky This thesis on topic Ethical values in works of Ladislav Fuks is divided into two parts. First part reveals important life milestones, which affects his philosophical mindedness reflected in his work, as well as his view of the literature and its values for a human. Second part of this thesis is focused on ethical values, which in Fuks works (Pan Theodor Munstdock, Spalovač mrtvol and Myši Natálie Mooshabrové) are the most occurred. The goal isn't only to show how the ethical values like life and death, truth and lie, good and evil, existence and absurdity affects character's lives in novels, but also their relativity. Key words: Ladislav Fuks, ethical values, life, death, truth, lie, good, evil, existence, absurdity.
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Conception of the Other in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Levinas
Tlapa, Tomáš ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a philosophical interpretation of the problem of intersubjectivity in the work of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) and Emmanuel Levinas (1906 - 1995). In the first part, it deals with the conception of the Other in the Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and analyzes (after a brief introduction to Sartre's philosophy) concrete aspects of Sartre's theory of intersubjectivity. This part ends with a critique of Sartre's theory, which enable us to interpret the Levinas's theory as an alternative conception of intersubjektivity. The analysis in the second part is based on the Levinas's book Totality and infinity. The final part sums up the main differences of both conceptions. Key words: intersubjectivity, the Other, existence, freedom, ethics, Sartre, Levinas
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Proofs of God's existence in the work of Thomas Aquinas
Adamovič, Tomáš ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The submitted Bachelor Thesis aims at the explanation of proofs of Godʼs existence in the work of Thomas Aquinas in a broader context. First, it is focused on the understanding of the basic terms of "proof" and "God" employed in the introduction of Thomistic tradition into philosophy. After a brief stop with previous theologians, the Thesis attempts to describe the proofs, or "ways", towards finding evidence of Godʼs existence, as contained in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. These descriptions are supplemented with criticism of some of the authors. The chosen approach includes a compilation of relevant knowledge from secondary literature followed by an analysis of primary literature, occasionally combined with comparison. Keywords God, existence, Thomas Aquinas, philosophy, theology, natural theology
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Death and Intersubjectivity
Härtel, Filip Hanuš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.
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Figural painting in hanging picture
Kroutil, Jan ; Hůla, Zdenek (advisor) ; Velíšek, Martin (referee)
A content of the bachelor thesis is a theoretical reflection about possibilities of a painted depiction of a human figure and a phenomenon of a hanging picture. The theme of the figural painting is further applied to an educationally-therapeutic practice as an art activity subject for people with mental retardation. The work also contains a documentation of the author's own painting and its reflection. Key words: painting, human figure, stylization, expression, hanging picture, education, mental retardation Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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