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Molecular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ, and their clinical impact
Böhm, Jan ; Zikán, Michal (advisor) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
Objectives: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of an increasing clinical importance. Individual risk assessment is essential for an optimal treatment. Our objective was to identify clinical and molecular characteristics of a subgroup of DCIS with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: In a population study, we analyzed women with DCIS diagnosed within one mammography screening unit. In the experimental part of this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of five biological markers in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer by means of gene expression analysis and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: We demonstrated a high proportion of pure (no invasive component) DCIS (14.41%) of all breast lesions described as malignant. In our sample, we saw a homogeneous distribution of risk factors without noting a clear pattern identifying high-risk subtypes. We noted significant differences in clinical management of tumors with similar characteristics, which demonstrates the present state of limited use of clinical predictors. In the laboratory experiment, we showed differences in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between DCIS and invasive breast cancer for BRCA1 (8.69% vs. 44.74%) and BRCA2 (9.52% vs. 45.0%). In contrast, we did not find any differences for p53 (31.82%...
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On the translation of The Thunderstorm by Vladimir Nabokov
Hušek, Jan ; Hlaváček, Antonín (advisor) ; Hříbková, Radka (referee)
The diploma thesis offers an analysis of a unique set of texts. The analysis explores the language devices used in the composition of the texts. The set of texts includes a short story Groza by Vladimir Nabokov and its translations. The short story was originally written in Russian, and then translated by the author into English. There exist two Czech translations, one from Russian, one from English. The thesis presents a theoretical framework for the analysis. It is composed of two parts. The first one summarizes the most frequent translation related changes in meaning. The second one compares Nabokov's theory and practice of translation. The theoretical framework is applied to the comparison of the target-language texts with the source-language texts, as well as to the comparison of the two translations from different source-language texts. Comparison of the results of the analysis with the hypotheses stated in the Introduction affirms the movement of the meaning towards stylistic neutrality and shows the influence of the source-language upon the target-language. On the other hand it rejects the statement that Nabokov as a self-translator wanted to preserve the literary qualities of the text, being ready to sacrifice its language qualities. Keywords: comparative analysis, language devices,...
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Czech Translations of Alexander Blok's Poem The Twelve
Oganesjanová, Lena ; Peterka, Josef (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Antonín (referee)
The detailed comparative analysis of four Czech translations of Alexander Blok's poem The twelve is at the crux of this diploma thesis. Concurrently, it sets the assessment of translation mastery of each translation based on criteria of poetry translation as defined by the signifiant Czech theorecian Jiří Levý. Aesthetic interpretaton of the poem and the description of distinctive features of Block's poetry precede the main part of the thesis. The author comes to a conclusion only two of the translations can be called acceptable to present-day readers (Vojtěch Jestřáb's and Václav Daněk's translations). Nevertheless, the translation by Bohumil Mathesius has a certain aesthetic quality, and if it is looked at from a historical perspective it can be appraised as succeful translation work. The very first translation by young Czech poet Jaroslav Seifert satisfies current poetry translation criteria the least. But there is also an another reason for it: both the Seifert's and Mathesius's translations are greatly influenced by the former language standard (the language obsolescence manifests itself at differet levels). Yet, the latest translations differ too. Jestřáb's method focuses upon stressing exotisicm in his translation, whereas Daněk concentrates on naturalisation. Considering the fact that both...
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Social Brain Hypothesis: A Survey of Evidence
Kverková, Kristina ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Pavelková, Věra (referee)
The social brain hypothesis was first proposed to explain the remarkable cognitive abilities of primates and has since been extended to other taxa. Generally, it posits that sociality is a major selection pressure driving the evolution of large brains and intelligence. However, there is no single version of the hypothesis and different underlying mechanisms have been proposed. Tests of the hypothesis rely on appropriate indices of social complexity and brain size, as a proxy for cognitive abilities, and difficulties are associated with choosing both these variables and obtaining precise data. Situation is further complicated by that fact that a multitude of factors potentially contributing to or constraining encephalization is highly intercorrelated. This bachelor's thesis reviews approaches to research in this field and presents a survey of relevant evidence accumulated so far. The social brain hypothesis has been tested in various ways in primates, carnivores, ungulates, cetaceans, insectivores, bats, birds, fish (cichlids), and insects. The jury is still out, since contrasting results exist for most of these groups, warranting more research to help elucidate the influence of sociality on brain evolution.
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Comparative analysis of avoidable mortality in selected European countries during 1980-2010
Pražák, Michal ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The main objective of the thesis is the evaluation of the development of avoidable mortality in selected European countries during 1980-2010 with emphasis on comparison of East and West. Concept of avoidable mortality was established to measure the effectiveness of the health care system in 70s of the past century. The main results of the thesis indicate different development of avoidable mortality during 80s in both parts of Europe. Inefficient medical care and inappropriate health policy in formal Eastern Bloc contributed to divergent trends of avoidable mortality in Europe. Different trends of mortality were observed in East European countries especially during the transformation process. The importance of selection of avoidable causes and age limits was confirmed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Determinants of Residential Development Prices in Prague
Mazáček, David ; Streblov, Pavel (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
III Title: Determinants of Residential Development Prices in Prague Author: David Mazáček Department: Institute of economic studies Diploma Theises Supervisor: PhDr. Pavel Streblov, MSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: streblov@pentainvestmens.cz Abstract: This thesis analyzes the progression and current situation on the Prague new residential development market. The beggining of the thesis is focused on performance of new residential development market in Prague and its comparison with other cities in European union including different housing standards and its economical severity. Performance analysis and current situation on the market indicate the presence of real estate bubble in past years on Prague market. This bubble has even deepened the problems on the market caused by the European economic crisis, however currently there is slow upsarge on the residential real estate market in Prague. Remaining two chapters are focused on relations between performance of residential development price per sqm in Prague and the performance of macroeconomic determinants in the range of income, financing or subsitutionary housing solution. This relation is explored through the econometric model, that explains the average aggregate price per sqm of new residential development in Prague through its macroeconomic...
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Comparison of Juvenile Delinquency in the Czech Republic and Germany
Mazák, Jaromír ; Podaná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
This Master thesis explores delinquency of juvenile Czechs and Germans from seventh to ninth grade based on quantitative data. The data comes from an International Self-Report Delinquency study (ISRD-2), which is anchored primarily in the Social control theory (Hirschi, 1969/2002) and the General theory of crime (Gottfredson, Hirschi, 1990). Therefore, in the first section, attention is paid to these and other selected criminological theories; the other theories are mainly the strain theories and the cultural deviance theories. In the second section, the thesis deals briefly with the socio- cultural differences and similarities between the Czech Republic and Germany. The core of the thesis is the third, analytical section, which presents the findings of statistical analysis. A conclusion is reached that the theories studied are by far less contradictory than what the authors of the social control theory and the general theory of crime claimed them to be. It rather seems that the individual theories are complementary and often lead to the same predictions. Hypotheses are confirmed that some characteristics of the pupils` relation to their school are related to delinquency: Pupils who like going to school are somewhat less delinquent than pupils who do not. Pupils who play truant are substantially...
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