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The deficiency of Vitamins in obese patients before intervention
Wood, Denisa ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Piecha, Roman (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the vitamin deficiency in obese patients before bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was a detection and evaluation of the deficient vitamins in obese patients before bariatric surgery. The monitored vitamins were vitamin A, E, D, B12 and folic acid. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the general definition, functions, the daily intake of the vitamins and the division of the vitamins. It pays attention to a biochemical metabolism and the physiological functions of the monitored vitamins. Listed are the etiological determinants of obesity. It describes the physiological regulation of body weight and highlights the current interventional procedures to treat obesity. The practical part describes the methodology of monitoring the levels of the selected vitamins and the subsequent evaluation of the results. Based on the findings of the specific deficits, the risks of these deficiencies were assessed. Dietary recommendations were assembled for the patients who are being prepared for bariatric surgery. The conclusion compares other studies dealing with similar issues.
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Physiological and hormonal mechanisms influencing ejaculate quality in birds
Mojžišová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Sexual selection is an important mechanism of evolution. In addition to precopulatory sexual selection, arising when males compete for female partners, there is also postcopulatory sexual selection (sperm competition), when females copulate with more males. Even though most avian species are socially monogamous, most of them are also partially promiscuous. In such species, sperm competition is an important factor increasing variability in reproductive success between males. Male's success in sperm competition is primarily determined by sperm concentration, total sperm count and morphology and motility of spermatozoa. My bachelor thesis summarizes knowledge about the hormonal a physiological mechanisms that influence semen quality. This is especially the effect of sex and other hormones, physiological and oxidative stress, environmental conditions, antioxidant mechanism and composition of sperm cell membrane. Besides evaluating their influence on ejaculate quality on intraspecific level, I also describe their differences between avian species with respect to the differences of sperm competition.
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Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as a source of biochemically active substances
Blecha, Jan ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hodek, Petr (referee)
Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) as a source of biochemically active substances ABSTRACT This work is primarily focused on summarizing of existing data in the literature about the chemical composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruits, in particular of its oil. It was found that the content of individual chemical components substantially varies in different cultivars and is also very dependent on the conditions in which the plant is grown. Various sea buckthorn products can be rich sources of antioxidants, such as the vitamin C (in amounts up to 2500 mg/100g of fresh fruit) and tocopherols (up to 481 mg/100g of fresh fruit), flavonoids (up to 1100 mg/100g of fresh fruit) and carotenoids (up to 2139 mg/100g of oil). The fatty acids of this plant are mostly unsaturated (up to 89% of all fatty acids), in dominant amounts linolenic and linoleic acid can be found in seed oil and palmitooleic and saturated palmitic acid in pulp oil. Content and effects of significant flavonoids in the plant are also summarized. Among the most important biological effects of sea buckthorn, its antioxidant activity can be included as well as effects on the function of cardiovascular system, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects proven for some of the substances. Thanks to that the sea buckthorn has a high...
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Importance of nutrition, mainly proteins, in power sports.
Šesták, David ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Martinča, Jozef (referee)
Heavy athletics is a great stress for a human organism. This stress has to be compensated by proper nourishment and proper relaxation. Higher intake of all nutrients is always linked to heavy athletics. Some nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc and proteins have a unique role in strength disciplines. Especially proteins are considered by both amateur and professional athletes as the most essential for muscle building. It is questionable how much protein is needed and how does its quality (directly linked to digestibility and absorbency) differ in animal and plant proteins, or even in supplementations proteins. The types of nourishment proteins that are combined together and what type of training is preferred matter significantly. Other agents of high significance are evidently, with direct or indirect influence, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fats, vitamins, minerals and drinking habits.
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Introducing of method of pyridoxine determination by liquid chromatography in food products and resources
Nechyba, Ondřej ; Benešová, Karolína (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with quantification of vitamin B6 in beverages, food supplements and raw materials in food industry. The literature retrieval part summarizes general information about vitamines, vitamine B6, nicotine acid and vitamine B1. Further on in this part there is described principle of high pressure liquid chromatography and quantification of individual vitamines. In the experimental there are listed used tools, apparatus and chemicals. There is described preparation of idividual samples of food supplements, energy drinks, multivitamine drinks, beers and brewer’s malts. This chapter also contains information about chromatographic separatory systems Shimadzu and SpectraSystem. The quantification was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse phase with gradient elution and two ways of detection, fluorescent and spectrofotmetric. The result of experimental activities and vitamine content in analysed samples are presented in the next chapter. In the final contains summarization of results obtained in experimental part. The maser’s thesis was measured in the laboratory of Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology.
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Analysis of active substances in honey
Jelénková, Zuzana ; Kubešová,, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on biologically active compounds determination. 26 samples of honey, one sample of propolis and one sample of royal jelly were analyzed. Honey were harvested in year 2006 and 2007 and bought in retail chain, special shops and directly from bee-keeper. Samples were analyzed by titration, spectrofotometry, LC/MS and RP-HPLC methods. The study was focused on analysis of antioxidants. Followed groups of antioxidants were determined: flavonoids, catechins, carotenoids, vitamins E, C, A. Authenticity of quality was determined by hydroxymethylfurfural analysis. Average values of total antioxidant capacity ranged (12.75-137.49) mmol .100 g-1. Average values of total phenolic ranged (8.51-61.34) mg .100 g-1 and average values of total flavonoids ranged (0.75-6.04) mg .100 g-1. Honey samples contained (41.83-585.10) g .100 g-1 of rutin, (9.30-313.40) g .100 g-1 of myricetin, (6.5-171.90) g .100 g-1 of luteolin, (3.19-436.37) g .100 g-1 of quercetin, (2.10-242.66) g .100 g-1 of apigenin, (0.15-105.12) g .100 g-1 of caempferol and (0.07-17.52) mg .100 g-1 of naringenin. From group of catechins there were measured (5.98-310) g .100 g-1 of catechin, (17.77-486.29) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin, (0.18-64.90) g .100 g-1 of catechin gallate and (0.59-140.56) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin gallate. From lipophilic compounds the most abundant in honey samples was tocopherol, its value ranged (29.20-8531.17) g .100 g-1. Content of ascorbic acid ranged (0.65-4.65) mg .100 g-1. Content of hydroxymethyl.furfural. ranged (0.26-4.06) mg .100 g-1. By LC/MS method luteolin, naringenin, protocatechin acid, coffee acid and p-cumaric acid in honeydew were detected and, furthermore, kyanidin and pinocembrin in floral honey were found. Mono-floral honey contained biologically active compounds the most, imperceptibly less contained multi-floral honey and honeydew honey. Acacia honey contained the lowest amount of biologically active compounds.
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Characterization of cereal products with fruit component for baby nutrition
Pražáková, Jana ; Lichnová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Present bachelor thesis deals with the characterization of milk cereal products intended for baby food. The theoretical part focuses on the morphology of cereal grains, fortification, an overwiev of supplementary components used to fortification and their properties. For the practical part eight kinds of cereal dairy products of three different producers were chosen. In these products total polyphenols, total flavonoids, reducing and total saccharides and proteins were analyzed. The highest level of polyphenols was measured in product Sunar multicereal. The highest amount of flavonoids (more than 50 % of total phenolics) was found in Nestle fruit product. The highest level of total and reducing saccharides contained Nestlé honey flavour. High amount of proteins was found in products Sunar with multicereal flavour and pears with biscuits. Using HPLC/UV-VIS analysis vitamins C and E were determined. The highest content of vitamin C contained Nestlé with cookie lavor, while high vitamin E level was found in Sunar pear flavor and biscuits. Using HPLC/RI individual saccharides were examined. In all products high amount of lactose was found, mainly in the products of Sunar. Nestlé products contained mostly glukose, while in products Hami sucrose was detected as the most abundant saccharide.
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The Role of Energy and Stimulating Drinks in the Drinking Regimen of Adolescents
ŘÍHA, Jakub
The thesis deals with the consumption of energy and stimulative drinks by adolescents in the Czech Republic. This current topic is treated in the theoretical part of the thesis, in its two sections. In the first section, the important terms, such as ?adolescence? or ?digesting drinks?, are explained. The second theoretical section deals with the daily fluid intake and describes energy and stimulative drinks, their composition and their impact on human body. There is also information about the use of these drinks in combination with alcohol. The practical part of the thesis contains analysis of the consumption of energy and stimulative drinks by adolescents from 15 to 26 years of age. More than 1,200 respondents took part in the electronic research. To compare the results, there are two age groups: 15-20 years of age and 21-26 years of age. The results of the research confirm that energy drinks are consumed at the usual rate, while stimulative drinks are included in the daily fluid income of Czech adolescents very often. The main reason for consumption of these drinks is to eliminate the feeling of tiredness.
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Gastrointestinal diseace of senior people in relation to lifestyle
TICHÁ, Anděla
Main thought of this work is research of digestive apparatus of senior people in relation to (healthy) lifestyle. In introduction I explain basic terms connected with nutrition, health, illness and prevention. In the next chapter I put attention to identify health condition and signals that human body gives when it not getting all that it needs. The content part of this work is focused on determinants that influence our health. I put attention to complex point of view. Reader will get information what is the optimal drinking regime, what macronutrition and micronutrition body needs, what it the categorization of those and what food we can get those from. I go to detail in needs of movement, rest, sleep and mental hygiene. This material generalizes actual needs of healthy lifestyle that can be used as help, to build and to strengthen in long term right habits for health and vitality.
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