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Attitude of Society to Physical Activities in the Context of the Historical Development
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Sára
Physical inactivity is one of the main problems of the 21th century. Low level of activity of the population is closely related to many lifestyle diseases. That is the reason why it is very important to find out which historical changes have led to today's low physical activity level. In this bachelor thesis I deal with the attitude of today's society towards physical activities in the context of historical development. I set three goals. The first one is to chart retrospectively the evolution of physical activities in the society. The second goal is to find out if in the past people were more active than nowadays. The last objective is focused on the description of historical changes which might have led to nowadays low physical activity level. This bachelor thesis is only theoretical. The beginning of this thesis is focused on the explanation of the basic terms associated with physical activity. The following chapter discusses the physical activity itself. The next parts of the thesis are focused on different periods of human history. The first historical period that I deal with is Prehistory. In the prehistoric times, physical activity was associated with survival. Physical fitness determined whether the prehistoric man obtains food, is victorious in battles, or is able to resist various types of danger. Because of these reasons, the attitude of the society towards physical activities was mainly practical, but at this time first sports also started to develop. The following part of this thesis focuses on the physical activities in slave countries. Physical activities like archery, wrestling, or infighting were permitted only within certain higher classes. A variety of treatment systems were developed in some Asian countries. The thesis deals with movement activities in ancient Greece as well. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the creation of the Olympic Games, the ideal of kalokagathia and physical education in Sparta and Athens. The next era included in this thesis is the Middle Ages. In this chapter is a description of the differences between the physical activities in the countryside and the city. Physical activities of the aristocracy are included as well. The Modern Times part of this thesis is mainly focused on the development of the physical education and its inclusion in the school curriculum systems. The fundamental change in this period that affected the attitude toward physical activities was the industrial revolution and the related migration of people from rural to urban areas. As a result of this change, the new era of sedentary lifestyle began and that's causing us a lot of problems now. Modern Times brought a big change to the whole attitude towards physical activity. Nowadays, physical activity is seen as one of the forms of recreation. The last part of this thesis is focused on the 20th century. This chapter discusses mainly the problem of the lack of physical activity. In the end, the changes that led to today's low physical activity level are summarized. I used professional literature and internet sources to study the problem. In conclusion, I evaluated all of the information collected within my research. From them is clear that the attitude towards physical activities has changed dramatically since Prehistory. From my literature research is also following that the problem with inactivity and the health issues linked to inactivity started being a problem at the 2nd half of 20th century. Due to a big importance of physical activity and its ability to prevent many diseases I would suggest to increase the physical activity level more in a free time activities. I think that this thesis pointing out one of the main problems of today's society and I think that this work could serve as a source of information for the public.
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Special teaching procedures in the art education for a pupil with autistic spectrum disorder in the third year of primary school
WEDLOVÁ, Kamila
The main goal of the bachelor thesis theme Special teaching method at art education for students education with autism spectrum disorder in 3rd grade of elementary school was to create structural methods what should help to integrated student with their work in art education. Bachelor thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part consists of for chapters. First chapter described characteristic of autism spectrum disorder in general. Second charter deals with development and differences of children drawing at intact persons, differences development of drawing at children with autism spectrum disorder. Third chapter is devoted to art education. Goals and expected outputs of art lessons regarding General educative program for elementary school are listed in annex of thesis. There are described methods of work with student with autism spectrum disorder at art education in last chapter. Special pedagogical methods based on structural teaching are described there. Goal of practical part was to create structural methods for education of art of selected students with autism spectrum disorder on the first level of elementary school. To preparation of methodical procedures were set main goals: Find out if chosen student with autism spectrum disorder is able to work during art lessons without structural procedure. To find out how is the structural procedure profitable for the student. To find out what used art techniques best fit to chosen students. To find out if the chosen student with autism spectrum disorder includes his interests into the art expressions. The structural methods were consequently applied in lessons of art. For usage of work were chosen students of third grade. To collecting of data was used method of observation, semi-structural interview with assistant of chosen student's teacher. By analysis of reached data were setup criterions for preparation methodical steps. From observation appears that structural methods for art education at chosen students with autism spectrum disorder were successful and were useful for better motivation in activity, concentration, independence, development of imagination, than help to reduction of impropriate behave (shouting, stand out of desk). Used art techniques shows as suitable. Respondents didn't project their interests into the art expression. Thesis contains own structural methods with preparation of activities. Thesis also contains annexes with photos of respondent's works.
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Nurse-specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
NEPRAŠOVÁ, Eva
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia. The quality of atrial fibrillation treatment in clinical practice varies between hospitals and doctors. Due to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the more elderly population, it might be difficult in the future to refer patients to a limited number of heart specialists. At the same time, a new generation of University educated nurses is growing, but, unfortunately, their competencies are as low as their colleagues' with high-school education. However, in some areas, such as diabetology or gastroenterology, specialist nurses, whose aim is to supplement medical doctors to some extent, are gradually occurring. In the Czech Republic, there are no specialist nurses in cardiology, even though they are quite common abroad. Our aim is to assess the feasibility of a specialist nurse for diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation. Methods: Main inclusion criterion for our study was a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation made on one of the non-internal medicine wards or in the general practitioners' practice. An exclusion criterion was previous examination by one of the heart specialists either internal medicine doctor or a cardiologist. During the first interview, I checked previous investigations for the atrial fibrillation and the arrhythmia treatment. The questionnaire contained questions on demographic parameters and patients' knowledge about their disease and possible complications. Subsequently, I recorded my recommendations regarding further investigations and therapeutic possibilites. All patients were sent to a cardiologist as required by our national guidelines. The second interview was made over the phone 2 months later and comparison of the doctor's recommendations with my suggestions was made. During this interview, an assessment of the concept of a nurse specialist in atrial fibrillation was performed. Results: Forty patients with atrial fibrillation documented on an ECG were recruited. At a time of the first interview, only 10 patients (25%) had their echocardiogram performed and only 23 (57,5%) patients had their thyroid gland hormones checked. 26 (65%) patients were on anticoagulation medicine while CHADS2-Vasc score of 2 and more was documented in 34 (85%) patients. There was an agreement between doctor's and nurse's recommendations regarding missing investigations and anticoagulation treatment. However, no agreement was achieved in the area of arrhythmia treatment, which means that this should remain a doctor's responsibility. Patients were informed about possible complications in only 11 (27,5%) cases and about all therapeutic options in 2 (5%) cases. 29 (72,5%) patients would be interested in consulting a specialist nurse in the future, whereas 11 (27,5%) patients would prefer a doctor. Results: We managed to confirm that the novel concept of a specialist nurse for the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation is feasible. The specialist nurse is able to confirm the diagnosis, check the completeness of the investigations, educate patients and assess the risk of the thromboembolic disease. Competencies of the nurses should be extended, so this concept could be introduced into the clinical practice.
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Family of a Child with a Mental Disability - Entry into the World of Adults
Rychtrová, Magdaléna ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This diploma work is directed to the life of the family with a child with mental handicap in the time, when the child finished his compulsory school attendance and should enter the adult's world. Teoretical part pays attention to family and its function, since the birth of the child with mental handicap. Parts of parents, brothers and sisters and grandparents. Next part is about maturing a about problems of young people with mental handicap in this time. By the way of life story practical part shows lifes of four concrete families and their specifics in time, when their child enters the next life stages colled maturity. This 4 stories are able to compare with life story of a woman with mental handicap, who had gone throught this time 25 years ago. Main attention is devoted to the real possibilities and to the life perspectives of this families and of their children.
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General knowledge of first aid for teachers of primary schools
JEŘÁBKOVÁ, Iva
The introductory section of the Bachelor paper describes non-professional First Aid as needed to manage the most frequently encountered health problems. Besides, the section lists the acts of law related to the First Aid that the teaching staff members are expected to study. The second section of the paper covers a research conducted at several randomly chosen Basic Schools in the Regions of Pilsen and South Bohemia. The paper aimed (1) to explore the level of competence that the teaching staff at Basic Schools are able to demonstrate in providing the non-professional First Aid; (2) to map the frequency and characteristics of First Aid extended at the Schools. The required data were gathered with reliance on the quantitative form of research, using the method of inquiry applied through the questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were distributed among the Basic School teaching staff. As the research results indicated, the teaching staff members are poorly oriented in the latest advances (in resuscitation, in treatment of snakebites and epilepsy). In these cases the teachers were found inclined to apply obsolete methods. Concerning the other questions, the correct answers prevailed. As a matter of some interest comes the fact that almost all of the teachers questioned were keen to take a First Aid course.
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Social services for children and youth in community planning
Barčík, Jakub ; Holda, Dalibor (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
The compendium Child and youth are supposed to be a social group threatened by the social exclusion. Young generation is a future of every society. Socialization is process of social growing. Socialization is aimed to a social integration of an individual. The agents of socialization are family, school, peergroup and massmedias. These agents have positive or negative influence. Child and youth merit social protection, because they face hazards, which they are not able to cope with. Social services realize social protection. On the level of community, social services are realized through the community planning. Community planning come out from the target group need analysis. Lowtreshold facilities are the services of a social prevention. In the research part, the specific needs of youth are defined.
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New pavilion SOU Písek
Troup, Tomáš ; Klubalová, Pavlína (referee) ; Bečkovská, Tereza (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals a project documentation of a new school pavilion SOU in the location Pisek because of the unsatisfactory existing school bulding, which is located at a small distance from the new pavilion. Investor wants to build a new object of universal classrooms for ca. 180 students and sports hall with hygienic and technical facilities, which will be able for football club FC Pisek (football fields and central object of FC Pisek are close to neighboring plots). Investor wants to let the school canteen be on the current place, which is north of the new object. The object is designed as a two-floor with roof ascent (3.NP terrace), part of the building is embedded in the ground. The structural system of the school object is a ceramic bricks system, structural system of the sports hall is a reinforced concrete system. The roof of school object is warm flat roof and roof of sport hall is warm flat roof as well but mono-pitched type. The object has a U -shaped.
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Crisis and personal growth: possibilities and metaphors of crisis
Veselá, Ivana ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Each person has an experience with crisis, it is a natural part of human life. A crisis has an inner potential in the form of a challenge and it brings a new possibility for people in percieving reality and themselves. In this thesis I focuse on possibilities which open for those people who seek a professional advice. I suppose that crisis is a part of the process of personal growth. Therefore the main theoretical chapters refere to these four thems: crisis, personal growth, posttraumatic growth and metaphor. First I define what a crisis is including it's course and various types. Than I place crisis into the context of difficult life situations including coping strategies. Personal growth is defined in the view of development and change. Both are focused on the process. The goal of personal growth is described in a subchapture on optimal personality. The following chapter is on positive psychology which pays attention to the quality of life and percieving benefits. Out of psychoterapeutical schools I have chosen existencial-humanistic tradition which corresponds to my research question the most. I put attention to the founders of main schools - V. E. Frankl's logotherapy, A. Maslow's humanistic psycholgy, C.R. Rogers's client-centred therapy and F. Perls's gestalt therapy. The chapters about crisis and...
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Management and outsourcing of ski courses of secondary schools
Hrkal, Jan ; Čáslavová, Eva (advisor) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
Title: Management and outsourcing of ski courses for secondary schools Objectives: The aim is to build a case study of a fictitious company whose business is the organization of ski courses for secondary schools using outsourcing. This objective is achieved through market research that identifies the view on the issue of headteachers at Czech secondary schools. Methods: A quantitative method of questioning was used for the research, which took place in both written and electronic form. The case study of a fictitious company uses a marketing mix of services as a tactical tool. Results: The assembled case study of a fictitious company, based on the results of an investigation, is a concrete plan for the first year of its existence. The company is able to provide the organization at a competitive price level to existing ski courses at secondary schools. Keywords: management, outsourcing, ski courses, sport event management, marketing mix of services, case study, research survey
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Preparing student teachers for constructivist teaching about society in primary grades
Dvořáková, Michaela ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee) ; Brtnová Čepičková, Ivana (referee)
Preparing student teachers for constructivist teaching about society in primary grades Michaela Dvořáková Abstract The content of primary social studies could be described as cultural universals - domains of human existence that form part of everybody's experience. Despite that, children do need a skilled instruction helping them to elaborate these topics. We suppose that for the constructivist teachers, deep content knowledge and pedagogic content knowledge is necessary to elaborate and conceptualize children's experiences. In this thesis, we wanted to learn more about the knowledge base of pre-service teachers. To explore the education students' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of social studies topics, we elicited students' concepts related to the topic of family using concept mapping. Then we performed the content analysis of the obtained concepts. We tried to determine whether pre-service teachers rely on their prior knowledge (including misconceptions) of family or whether they use the knowledge gained in social science classes at the high school or at our university. Students do not use their academic knowledge gained in social studies classes spontaneously, but they are able to do when prompted. An important part of pedagogical content knowledge of a social studies teacher are the...
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