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Counter-terrorism policy in the EU and it's impact on human rights
Husárová, Katarína ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
Our thesis has aimed to show a relationship between certain aspects of EU counter-terrorism legislation and the impact it has on basic human rights. We have used the example of incommunicado detention laws in Spain to show that denying the detainees access to basic rights such as (and most importantly) access to legal counsel could lead to systematic abuse of human rights under the Articles 3, 5 or 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). We have shown that in the EU, where counter-terrorism mostly falls under criminal law, the only viable way to combat terrorism is to create exceptions in such law system with the aim of effectiveness. We have shown that these (such as incommunicado detention mentioned above) exceptions will pose threat to basic human rights. We have concluded that combined with mass pre-emptive surveillance and ability to stop and search at will (example of Article 44 in the UK), the Spanish example could lead to a legal system that could by systematically abused and used for suppressing others. We have concluded that on standalone basis, some EU states (notably Spain and the UK) have counter-terrorist laws that have high possibility of infringing upon basic human rights. However the real threat lies in the worst of them combining on the EU level.
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Freedom of expression from the point of view of the European Convention on Human Rights and its limits
Sládková, Veronika ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Prygl, Pavel (referee)
The right of freedom of expression is often mentioned as one of the most significant human rights. Despite its importance and necessity for functioning and development of any democratic society, this right is not without limits. The aim of this theses is to find the limits of the right of freedom of expression within the system of the ECHR which represents one of the most important documents in the human rights field at the international level. The important position of freedom of expression will be proved by an analysis of the theoretical context of freedom of expression in the system of the ECHR as well as by examination of the work of the European Court of Human Rights and its case law connected to the right of freedom of expression.
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Formation of Global Civil Society: Reaction to Problems of Globalization
Novotná, Naďa ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Festa, David (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the possibilities of a global civil society to reduce the negative consequences of economic globalization. In the opening general part, special attention is given to problems caused by corporate strategies in production in developing countries. The current official mechanisms of corporate accountability are also discussed and considered as insufficient. Some new tendencies to promote the corporate social and environmental responsibility have emerged in recent decades. The agencies of a global civil society have been playing a very important role in these processes. The formation of a global civil society, its ambitions and risks are also studied in the general part of the thesis. The global civil society roles and possibilities of influencing the globalization processes are discussed also from the perspective of relevant theoretical concepts in the theoretical part. The empirical part of the thesis is based on a qualitative analysis of the campaign Business and Human Rights carried out by Czech global civil society organizations. The objective of this campaign is to prevent the corporations from human rights violation. Within the empirical research, the different spatial relations among the global civil society participants are studied, along with the evaluation of the...
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Legislation related to issue of the free access to information in international context
Winkler, Otakar ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Šisler, Vít (referee)
The thesis is focused on some questions stemming from the limitations of the right to free access to information in connection with the implementation of classified information protection in the context of activities of state security organizations. The basic legislation covering this area has been summarized. Further, the thesis explores theoretical as well as practical procedures and principles aimed at minimization of both real and potential threats to individual rights and basic principles of the open society in cases of performance of such sorts of limitations. Besides, some examples of the solutions carried out in certain countries and in addition several decisions of the European Court on Human Rights are mentioned. Finally, the contemporary status of the matter in the Czech Republic is examined.
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Effect of the human factor on small aircraft accident
Dluhoš, Jakub ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
DLUHOS, J. Effect of the human factor on small aircraft accident. Brno: Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2013. 90 s. Supervisor Ing. Jiří Chlebek, Ph.D. The Master’s thesis focuses on the safety of civil aviation, which is in 80% of the accidents caused by Human Factor, Human Error or just Pilot Error. The main goal of this Master’s thesis is evaluation and assessment of the causes of aircraft accidents of general civil aviations operations of the Czech Republic. In the practical part of the Master’s thesis were analyzed accidents of aircrafts in the category with maximum take of mass to 2250 kg and ultra light aircrafts incurred in the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2012. In the conclusion were analyzed main causes of the aircraft accidents and were proposed further measures to reduced accidents caused by Human Factor.
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Special catechesis. Theory and Practice
Świerczková, Agnieszka ; Kuźniar, Mariusz (advisor) ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (referee)
This dissertation titled "Special catechesis. Theory and Practice" explores the methods of teaching religion to mentally handicapped children. The research focuses on the presentation of theoretical and practical methods introduced by D, Jucha, J. Madeja, D.Doroszewka, B. Janosz and other significant Polish catechists. The theoretical part, besides a systematicly processed terminology also deals with the actual content and the main aim of special-care catechesis. In addition, it provides an interpretation the dignity of man as it can be found in some church archives. Last, but not least, attention is drawn to the important role of families, parishes and catechists. The second, practical, part is inspired by the methods of B. Janosz - whether it is put to creative use along with new teaching materials as well as new communication tools that motivate mentally handicapped children for active participation in special-care classes. The author of this study concluded that even the weakest must be provided adequate catechesis as every human being, no matter how limited, is capable of growth to sanctity. These people feel the need and are entitled to life in faith. There is a need for oligo-catechesis and it is unquestionable.
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Analysis of financing of endowment funds focused on human rights
Marková, Lucie ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Fleissner, Kamil (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of financing of endowment funds as one of the legal forms of non-governmental organizations. Specifically, it is focused on those that specialize in the human rights. The author specifies the environment and conditions under which the endowment funds work in general. The second chapter is focused on the characteristics of the group of the funds supporting human rights and evaluates their professionalism. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the selected types of their revenues and economic indicators. It also shows the example of four endowment funds and the various attitudes to their financing. Part of this chapter also indicates some of the current problems and challenges of this specific group of endowment funds.
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The mitochondrial genome in the ontogenesis
Töröková, Petra ; Brdička, Radim (advisor) ; Černý, Viktor (referee)
The main goal of this study is the comparison of sequences of the HVRII region of the mitochondrial genome in the cord blood sample and the saliva sample of the same individual, taken at average ten years from his/her birth. It is known that during ontogenesis the human genome changes. All the more the mitochondrial genome which shows a higher mutation rate, and moreover it is not taken care of it by repair mechanisms. In older individuals, there was found a distinctive amount of mitochondrial variations cumulated in different tissues in the process of the ontogenesis. This study is focused on the detection of these changes already in younger individuals. The tissue-specific variability which is created during ontogenesis might have an adverse influence on all sorts of the mtDNA based studies. The samples were taken in two regions (Teplice / Prachatice) that differ in the pollution of environment. With regard to that, the samples with discovered changes were compared from the standpoint of the region, which they had come from, with the aim to prove the influence of environment on the mutagenesis of the mitochondrial DNA. Samples were also compared from the point of view of sex. Furthermore the variability of the collection of Czech population was evaluated and the estimation of the genetic...
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Molecular phylogeography of the tench Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lajbner, Zdeněk ; Kotlík, Petr (advisor) ; Flajšhans, Martin (referee) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
The tench Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valued table fish native to Europe and Asia, but which is now widely distributed in many temperate freshwater regions of the world as the result of human-mediated translocations. Spatial genetic analysis applied to sequence data from four unlinked loci (introns of three nuclear genes and mitochondrial DNA) defined two groups of populations that were little structured geographically but were significantly differentiated from each other, and it identified locations of major genetic breaks, which were concordant across genes and were driven by distributions of two major phylogroups. This pattern most reasonably reflects isolation in two principal glacial refugia and subsequent range expansions, with the Eastern and Western phylogroups remaining largely allopatric throughout the tench range. However, this phylogeographic variation was also present in European cultured breeds and some populations at the western edge of the native range contained the Eastern phylogroup. Thus, natural processes have played an important role in structuring tench populations, but human-aided dispersal have also contributed significantly, with the admixed genetic composition of cultured breeds most likely contributing to the introgression. I have then designed novel PCR-RFLP assays...
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