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A Legitimacy Analysis of EU Sanctions
Šaturová, Gabriela ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Young, Mitchell (referee)
Political legitimacy has often been addressed in terms of the legitimacy of actors, while the legitimacy of policies as such is relatively neglected. This thesis argues that an analytical distinction between the categories of the actor and its action is necessary, since an actor's legitimacy does not automatically imply the legitimacy of its behaviour; furthermore, in real social discourse, actions are not exempt from legitimacy judgments. The ambition of the thesis is to make use of this research gap and to examine one of the most important tools of the EU's foreign policy by means of an analytical framework of political legitimacy. The selected cases are the current episode of CFSP sanctions against Russia; "appropriate measures" under the ACP Partnership agreement against Zimbabwe; and the informal arms embargo against China. Sanctions dealt with in the first two cases are deemed legitimate, while the arms embargo on China failed to meet the legitimacy criteria. Apart from the findings on legitimacy, two major conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: The lack of internal coherence is impairing the legitimacy of the EU's political measures; and the imposition of sanctions through an institutionalised political framework enhances their transparency in contrast to informal measures.
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Ethnic Identity and conflict (on the Example of Multiethnic Territory of Cruise Ships)
Medvecká, Zuzana ; Skupnik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kobes, Tomáš (referee)
In my doctoral thesis, which I have elaborated on the basis of my diploma thesis Doubled Identity of Crew Members on Cruise Ships as the Instrument of Cultural Adaptation, supervised by Mgr. Helena Tužinská, PhD., I have analysed the way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnical territory of cruise ships. Crew members working there come from over 50 different countries. In spite of their different origins and cultures which have been forming their behaviour and way of thinking, they share small space without any conflicts. My goal is to sum up the basic conditions which should be met in any multiethnical society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is the socio-professional identity of 'crew member '. I found out that there are two main factors responsible for successful co-existence of people from different cultures here - communication and the system of values. That is why from all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I preferably analyse rules and norms established by crew members and lingua franca used on cruise ships called 'ship language'. The specific...
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The European Union as a Foreign Policy Actor on the Sanctions Scene: The Case of Burma
Růžičková, Jana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hyniová, Andrea (referee)
In connection with its foreign policy, the European Union was until 2003 often seen as an actor lacking basically any "hard" power and it was often labeled as a "normative" power, "civilian" power etc. However, a group of scholars led by Ian Manners has been claiming that in connection with the adoption of the European Security Strategy in December 2003 the EU has lost its "soft" characteristics and has moved closer towards a traditional military actor. The master thesis deals with this issue of the alleged militarization of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after 2003/2004 while focusing on one particular area of the CFSP - the policy of restrictive measures or sanctions. This area is unique because of its special characteristic: on one hand, sanctions as such represent a "hard", coercive foreign policy tool and on the other, the EU has been autonomously using them already since the 1980s. The question therefore is what the frequent use of sanctions implies about the character of the EU and whether does the policy of restrictive measures stand, as a matter of principle, in opposition to being a "soft" power. By means of discourse analysis of the official EU sanction documents and by using the case of Burma (which represents a "typical case"), the thesis attempts to demonstrate,...
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EU instruments in the fight against terrorism: the problems of sanctions
Pejchová, Petra ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with contemporary problems of anti-terrorist financial sanctions imposed by the EU on the basis of its Anti-terrorist Strategy. The EU nowadays faces harsh criticism over problems with lacking efficiency and violation of human rights standards while exercising sanction instruments. Current shape of this system helped to create distinctively European judicial bodies. Due to this fact, the most important case rulings on the imposed financial sanctions against individuals suspected of terrorism are in focus of the thesis. Author states, that current conception of sanction mechanism within the EU comes to an end and will be soon replaced or abandoned or radically changed in compliance with the courts' statements and practice of the courts. This proposition answers the research question: Does the current construction of EU sanctions measures represent the very last and flawless form of its development? Or is it the case that the whole system will have to be replaced or radically changed? The author analysis objection articulated by the EU judiciary and proposes possibilities of further development and assesses these options.
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Consequences of a breach of duties by participants in highway traffic
Uhlířová, Daniela ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Vopálka, Vladimír (referee)
Resumé This thesis deals with legal consequence of road users who violate their duties in road traffic. Intensity of road traffic permanently increases. Almost everyone participates in the road traffic day by day. Among the participants occur many dangerous and egoistic individuals, who do not observe the road traffic regulations. Theirs irresponsible behaviour often results in car accidents and damage to person and property. One of means to improvement of the road safety is efficient punishment of driving offences. I have divided my thesis into introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces the problematic. In the second chapter I have paid attention to definition of terms "road user", "duties of road users in traffic" and "legal consequence of violation the duty". In the third chapter I have dealed with driving offences. Offence is one of the administrative torts, which is defined by Offence Act no. 200/1990 Coll. It is unlawful action which violates or endangers protected interests of society. Driving offences violate or endanger safety and fluency of the road traffic. Merits of the driving offences are defined not only by Road Safety Act no. 361/2000 Coll, but also by Act no. 13/1997 Coll. and Act no.56/2001 Coll. Second chapter consist of four part. In firts part I have...
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British policy towards South Africa during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher
Lellák, Jan ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Smetana, Vít (referee)
This bachelor thesis "British Policy towards South Africa during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1990" attempts to describe and evaluate the most important influences that shaped the policy-making towards South Africa during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher. The emphasis is placed on describing the factors that led to the imposition of sanctions against the South Africa's apartheid regime. It considers the various factors that influenced the policy- making, especially in the economic, political, social, strategic and normative-value areas. Foreign policy towards South Africa was a relatively important part of the premiership of Margaret Thatcher especially in the context of the Cold War. Thatcher, thanks to her opposition to the sanctions, was frequently criticised both at home and abroad. She insisted that the British government consistently pursued its interests in South Africa by promoting a policy of constructive engagement, which attempted to reduce the impact they had on the government in Pretoria. Thatcher's period coincides approximately with the period of breakup of the apartheid regime in South Africa. This adds an additional angle from which the formation of British policy towards South Africa during the end of the Cold War can be viewed.
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EU sanctions against Austria in 2000 in the context of the position of Austria in the European Union. Application of the constructivist theory on the case
Dobiašová, Terézia ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Moravcová, Dagmar (referee)
diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce: EU sanctions against Austria in 2000 in the context of the position of Austria in the European Union. Application of constructivist theory on the case The Master thesis EU sanctions against Austria in 2000 in the context of the position of Austria in the European Union. Application of constructivist theory on the case tried to analyse the Austrian case from the constructivist perspective. The thesis attempted to verify the hypothesis that the Member States of the European Union wrongly assessed the impact of Haider's FPÖ on the Austrian democratic development and the European Union itself, claiming that the participation of the FPÖ in the Austrian federal government was jeopardizing its democratic values. In fact there was no evidence for this allegation despite the nature of the FPÖ which was confirmed as being far-right in some aspects (for instance its xenophobia). It has been shown that the participation of the FPÖ in the Austrian government (rather than its isolation, which might have led to even bigger support) was in a certain way a guarantee that democracy and the common values of the European Union would be upheld. Furthermore the thesis tried to answer the question whether the inclusion of the FPÖ in the governmental coalition had posed a real danger...
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Evaluating the Effect of 2014 Sanctions against Russia Using Synthetic Control Methods
Pchelintsev, Dmitriy ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Víšek, Jan Ámos (referee)
THE ABSTRACT In the new global economy majority of the developed countries use imposition of sanctions in the case of some offences. I have applied the synthetic control methods on this particular case of political pressure to quantify the real costs of anti-Russian sanctions to the economy. Based on the results of this study it was identified, that real GDP growth rate of Russia was continuously reducing by about -1,19% per quarter on average. Reaching the highest value of sanction's effect of -2,8% in real GDP growth rate at the end of 2015. It was also revealed that sanctions had positive effect on current account balance of Russia, that indicator was increasing during the whole studied after sanction's period by about 3,15% per quarter on average. This thesis is presented as a research of interconnection the imposition of 2014 sanctions against Russia and indicators of economic development (GDP, inflation) using synthetic control methods. It was revealed that former economic and social mechanisms aren't capable to provide further development of economy of Russia, its self-sufficiency and safety. JEL Classification F12, F21, F23, H25, H71, H87 Keywords sanctions, synthetic control method, Russia, GDP growth rate, current account balance Author's e-mail 51375259@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail...
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Analýza dopadu sankcí na obchod mezi Evropskou unií a Ruskem
Kolářová, Andrea ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Coniglio, Nicola (referee)
This thesis is trying to assess the effects of sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014 by the European Union and other countries, with respect to the changes in the trade flows among the two participants (EU and Russia). Firstly, the theoretical background for sanctions is provided, explaining their meaning and instruments which they use. Secondly, the overview of the Ukrainian conflict is conducted together with a brief review of the economic restrictions which were implemented, as well as the Russian counter-sanctions. The empirical part is firstly explaining the effects of the restrictions on the both economies and then introducing the state of the bilateral trade flows between the EU and Russia before the imposition of the sanctions. The most important part of the thesis is the gravity model conducted in the third chapter, which is trying to estimate the effects of the sanctions on the EU-Russian trade flows using two approaches. One of them is conducted with the help of regression analysis and a dummy variable which controls for the sanctions effect. The other one is predicting the values of exports without the disturbance of the sanctions and then comparing the results with the real values of the export for the years examined. The results of these analyses have proven the expectations about the negative impact of the sanctions on the trade flows between the EU and Russia.
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Tax Risks of Investment Incentives
Hájek, Jan ; Kába, Daniel (referee) ; Polák, Michal (advisor)
Bachelor thesis concerns of risks connected with the acceptation of the investment incentives. It describes each of all complications that could arise during exploitation of the investment incentives mainly in the form of tax reduction and recommends how to solve these situations.
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