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The incidence of thyroid in selected regions of the Czech Republic in terms of saturation with iodine
Dvořáková, Marcela ; Zamrazil, Václav (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
24 9. SUMMARY 1. Natural sources such as water or soil contain iodine in low amounts in the Czech Republic. 2. Clinical manifestations of iodopenia were severe and occured in certain geographical areas in the past. 3. Iodization of table salt started in the fifties of the last century as a result of extensive epidemiological research and since then it has significantly improved iodine saturation in general. 4. Further steps in iodine prophylaxis in the mid-nineties of the 20th century have improved iodine saturation according to ICCIDD/WHO criteria. 5. Resolution of iodine deficiency does not represent, however, a closed chapter. 6. Individuals at risk, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women and patients on a salt- restricted diet, are worthy of public health concern. 7. There needs to be increased awareness of chronic excess of iodine with respect to an increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders. 8. There is a need to continue education of the general population focused on adequate iodine intake from various foods (see products, milk) and to maintain a daily iodine intake in the "optimal ranges". Based on the international criteria, the Czech Republic is iodine sufficient country. This happened due to a multidisciplinary collaboration coordinated by the Regional Iodine Deficiency Council...
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Hereditary breast cancer
Malegová, Jana ; Bendová, Marie (advisor)
Malignant tumors of the breast are the most common malignant disease in women Czech Republic and in the world and one of the most frequent causes of their death , because this is a very important disease not only of medical, but also economic and wider spoločenského standpoint. Diploma thesis linked hereditary breast malignancies I chose because since the beginning of the study of medicine is themed oncological diseases of women occupied . The elaboration of this thesis I considered it a great opportunity to find their way in a difficult and rapidly developing areas , such doubt carcinomas breast are . The incidence of breast cancer in the Czech Republic (the Czech Republic already ) the ascending tendency , mortality has stagnated in recent years . The lifetime risk of the disease on malignant neoplasm of breast cancer for a woman is around 10%. I am talking about is sporadically occurring carcinomas , which represent the majority of cases , but in the next lesser group ( 5-10 %) , which represent hereditary bonded malignancies , wherein the cause is mutation of the gene carrier of the mutation is at risk much higher risk celoživotným compared with the general population , up to 85%. Breast tumors also occur in men , does the general population only in very low numbers , but just in case linked hereditary...
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Prevention of nasal polyposis
Nesvadbová, Martina ; Schalek, Petr (advisor)
Rhinosinusitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, with different underlying etiologies and pathomechanisms, and may indeed represent an umbrella, covering different disease entities. It is currently not understood whether acute recurrent rhinosinusitis necessarily develops into chronic rhinosinusitis, which then possibly gives rise to polyp growth, or whether these entities develop independently from each other. Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory condition that affects from 1% to 4% of the general population. Polyposis is believed to be multifactorial disease that is frequently associated with asthma and aspirin sensitivity. The studies show that more polyps were found in nonatopic that in atopic patients. A global evaluation of NP must include, together with nasal endoscopy, symptoms assessment, and CT-scan, the measurement of the quality of life. In my study I used the Sino nasal outcome test (SNOT-22), with 22 questions to ask the patients about the quality of life. They were asked to fill up the questionnaire before and 6 month after the surgical procedure. Twelve patients were included to this study, than they were divided into two groups, patients with and without the factors of the risk (asthma, aspirin sensitivity and allergy). I compared the scores of two groups by using an impaired Student t...
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Effect of flubendazole on activities of selected biotransformation enzymes in helminth parasite Haemonchus contortus
Babíková, Martina ; Lamka, Jiří (referee) ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor)
This diploma thesis treats of biotransformation enzymes issue in development of resistance of parasitic helminths on benzimidasole anthelmintics. The treatment of helminthic infections has become problematic because of frequent drug resistance of helminth parasites. The development of drug resistance can be facilitated by the action of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Experimental model was represented by Haemochus contortus which is one of the most pathogenic parasites of domestic and wild ruminant species. Adults of H. contortus were isolated from infected sheep; these were treated by sub-therapeutic doses of anthelmintic flubendazole. And were also isolated from infected sheep but with no treatment applied. There were determined specific activities of selected biotransformation enzymes of the first and second phase in subcellular fractions of the hetminth homogenate. Comparing enzymatic activity values among examined groups of hetminths I was evaluating possible influence on enzymatic activities if there was flubendazole applied in the past.
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English counterparts of Czech aspectual pairs and groups of verbs
Filipová, Helena ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee) ; Malá, Markéta (advisor)
The notion of aspect is viewed differently in English and in Czech. In Czech, aspect is an obligatory lexical-grammatical category that refers to the wholeness and completion of the action expressed by the verb. Moreover, this category interferes with the category of tense and restrains some of its usages. On the other hand, in English the category of aspect is rather dubious, and there is not even general agreement on whether it exists in the language. The opinions range from the denial of its existence to ones in which the progressive and the perfect are considered aspectual categories. A notion inseparable from the aspect is the Aktionsart that expresses more subtle modifications of the action. The Aktionsart represents a broader concept of aspectuality. In Czech, there is an aspectual pair of two verbs that differ only in the opposition of imperfectivity and perfectivity. The pair can be a basis for a group of semantically related verbs that differ in the Aktionsart, i.e. in some modification of action. However, the verbs from the group still express the basic aspectual distinction and are parts of other aspect pairs. Due to the inflectional nature of the language, Czech verbs are modified mainly by affixation to express different states of the action. English being an analytic language, the English...
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An Environment for the game Atari-go
Starý, Tomáš ; Majerech, Vladan (referee) ; Hric, Jan (advisor)
These days Go game and its simpler variant game Atari Go means a major challenge for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The Go game represents yet unresolved question in the programming of Artificial Intelligence that would have been in the game stronger than man. This Bachelor Thesis aims to create a computer environment to play Atari Go on small boards in dimension to 9 x 9 intersections. The objective of this program is to introduce users to Atari Go game and teach them how to play this game. Another aim of this program is to motivate users to switch from Atari Go game to a more difficult variant Go game. The target group of users are those users who have not played this game, but they want to learn the joy of Atari Go. Program will serve equally well to users who have tried Atari Go game and would like to get practice in the game or find out more information about the Go game.
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Modular Synthesis of Steroids by Negishi Reagent
Herrmann, Pavel
1 Introduction This dissertation is focused on the development of new methodology for the synthesis steroid derivatives. Steroids, due to their biological activity, still represent a favourite target of total syntheses. Many approaches for their preparation, based on transition metal-mediated or catalyzed reactions, have been developed. From the synthetic point of view, it would be ideal or at least highly desirable and interesting to develop a methodology based on the repetitive use of one reagent. Fortunately, such a strategy has not been published yet. To bring this methodology to life, it is crucial to use a suitable reagent that can selectively react with a wide variety of functional groups. In this regard, zirconocene derivatives seem to be potentially applicable as they display a broad reactivity. Hence, the main objective of this work is to elucidate the viability of their sequential use in the synthesis of complex natural compounds. 2. Aim of the Work The aim of this work is to develop a new synthetic methodology for the preparation of polycyclic isoprenoids. This methodology should be based on the sequential repetitive use of one reagent and should enable modular and flexible access to a wide variety of compounds. The appropriate reagent should function as a universal tool. Bearing the broad...
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Substitution programs during execution of confinement
Talířová, Michaela ; Bajcura, Lubomír (referee) ; Mottlová, Jana (advisor)
ANNOTATION: Diploma thesis focuses on the issue of substitution programs serving his sentence of imprisonment provided to drug users. Seeks to bring the situation of drug users in Imprisonment. The main aim of the thesis is to characterize the substitution programs in terms of general information, in terms of their development and law, particularly in terms of providers and users themselves. Seeks to obtain information from providers of substitution treatment in prison and trying to benefit from data that would be representative of the quality of treatment. Accomplishing its goals, the thesis attempts to contribute to the problem of substitution programs, the target group of drug users in the exercise of custodial sentences. KEY WORDS: substitution treatment - punishment of imprisonment - drug users
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Jago and preman - controversial heroes of Indonesian history
Petrů, Tomáš ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee) ; Dubovská, Zorica (referee)
The dissertation deals with the historical development of banditry and gangsterism in Indonesia against the background of its relationship with the ruling elite. The author argues that bandits, called jago, or modern gangsters, known as preman, represented the basic pillar of power of all ruling regimes in Java from the classical Javanese kingdoms and the 163 Netherlands East Indies' colonial state to the Suharto's New Order. This pattern changed, however, with the onset of decentralisation and democratization of Indonesian politics - thugs for hire ceased to be agents of state and became a power tool of political parties and other competing interest groups. The author also shows that the regimes tried to eliminate the thugs' criminal activities by integrating them into their respective repressive systems. The general consequence of these intergrational attempts was criminalization of security forces and the state administration. The author further proves the existence of a direct historical and cultural connection between the jago and the preman. These controversial figures also share, despite a substantial time span, three essential features: cooperation with the patron on an ambivalent basis; criminal activities on the side outside this relationship, which secured profit for the elite in return for...
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Antonin Sova's late lyric poetry (1918-1928)
Raš, Jakub ; Vaněk, Václav (advisor) ; Merhaut, Luboš (referee)
In this thesis we deal with interpretation of the late lyric poetry of Antonin Sova (1864-1928). The late work is represented by collections Zpěvy domova (Songs of Homeland, 1918), Krvácející bratrství - Rozjímání ranní i navečerní (The Bleeding Brotherhood - Evening and Morning Meditations, 1920), Básníkovo jaro (The Poet's Spring, 1921), Básně nesobeckého srdce (The Poems of the Unselfish Heart, 1922), Jasná vidění (The Clear Visions, 1922), Naděje i bolesti (Hopes and Pains, 1924) and Drsná láska (The Rough Love, 1927), the posthumously released sets of Sova's poems from the years 1922 to 1928 called Hovory věcí (Talk of Things, 1929) and Za člověkem (To Man, 1930), then several poems contained in a book of Píseň o Rovnosti (The Song of Equality, 1951) and poems that Sova published between 1918-1919 in a satirical magazine called Šibeničky (The Small Gallows). Author's poetry is divided into four groups: 1) nature poetry, 2) intimate poetry, 3) social poetry and 4) selfreflexive poetry. In the analysis we focus on the lyrical subject - that is, to what is spoken (themes and motives), but also how to speak about in sense of epistemology (knowledge and their articulation) and axiology (values and attitudes), which often results in more or less complex models of the central ideas of reality like man, life...
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