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Using biotechnological methods in beef cattle herds
ZATLOUKAL, Jakub
The aim of this dissertation consists in analysing the results of the biotechnological techniques (insemination, embryotransfer) for a selected herd of meat-type cattle raised in a foothills countryside dutiny 5 years (2002 {--} 2006) and their comparison with natural breeding. The results this obtained are presented in dependence on the breed, fater{\crq}s origin and calving month. The analysis involves 795 Charolais calves and 450 meat-type Siemental calves. In the Charolais group insemination gave 275 calves, while natural breeding gave 520 calves. In the case of meat-type Siemental group the corresponding numbers are 179 and 271, accordingly. After embryotranfer we have got 4 Charolais calves and 15 calves of the other breed. The work evaluates the influence of the technique of breeding on to the rate of calf grow, with this investigation being performed in dependence on the breed. The meat-type Siemental bulls have shown a significant difference (p {>} 0,05) in the live weight of the calves 120 and 365 days old. In this age bulls born after insemination have been heavier (183,9 kg, 527,9 kg) in comparison with bulls born after natural breeding (172,4 kg, 497,0 kg). Concerming Charolais bulls, no statistically significant difference in the live weight have been found. In addition, no significant influence of the mode of breeding on to the live weight has been found for heifers of both breeds. Concerning the effect of the calving month on the rate of grow, the meat-type Siemntal calves have shown a highly statistically significant (p {>} 0,001) difference in the live weight of calves born in March. The live weights of calves born in March and weighed at 120, 210 and 365 days have been 181,17 kg, 289,2 kg and 510,31 kg, these values being valid for calves after insemination. The corresponding values for natural breeding are lower, particularly 168,26 kg, 271,37 kg and 439,59 kg. In addition a statistically considerable difference (p {>} 0,01) in the live weight has been found for calves 120 days old if the calves were born in April. Insemination has led to a live weight of 194,5 kg, while natural breeding to 168,9 kg. In the group of Charolais calves a statistically significant difference (p {>} 0,01 {--} 0,05) has been found at the age of 365 days. Calves born after insemination had a higher live weight (462,85 kg) as compared to those born after natural breeding (432,85 kg). As concerns the parameters characterising fertility, the following ones have been analysed: the service period (SP), the birth-to-birth interval and the percentage of becoming pregnanat after the first insemination. For the whole period under investigation, the SP value for the Charolais calves (T 100) has been 89,19 days while for the meat-type Siemental calves (S 100) 80,04 days. As concerns the birth-to-birth period found for Charolais (381,32 days) and the meat-type Siemental (390,35 days), it may be stated that these results are satisfactory. The percentage of becoming pregnant after the first insemination has shown a downword trend for both breeds in the course of the years under study. Investigated paramentrs of growth and reproduction are markedly influenced by the breed.
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Cardioptrotective role of transcription factor HIF isoforms in rats
Bučinská, Ivana ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (referee)
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia is characterized by a variety of functional changes in order to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. It has been known for many years that both humans and animals indigenous or adapted to high-altitude hypoxia are more tolerant to an acute ischemic injury of the heart. HIF1α is found as a primary transcriptional regulator of adaptive response to hypoxia in all tissues, whereas HIF2α is more tissue specific. The activity of HIFα is regualted by prolyl hydoxylases (EGLN). The EGLN1 was shown to be more efficient in HIF1α hydroxylation than in HIF2α. As well as the EGLN3 is more specific for HIF2α . Under hypoxic conditions, HIF activates the transcription of about 70 genes. Hence, HIF1α and HIF2α can play an essential role in pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. The aim of our study was to determine myocardial expression of HIFs and its regulatory hydroxylases in adult male Wistar rats adapted to continuous normobaric hypoxia (H; FIO2 = 0.1) for 3 weeks. Another two groups of rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia intermittently for either 8 h/day (INH) or 23 h/day (RH) during the 3-week adaptation period. While H induces protective cardiac phenotype, the later regimen (RH) does not. The protein expression of HIFs, PHDs and FIH were then determined by...
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Phytoextraction of Artificial Sweeteners from Aqueous Solutions
Luptáková, Dominika ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The artificial sweeteners are currently worldwide used as food additives. In human organism they are only partially metabolized and then renally excreted. The big amounts of these abiogenic compounds contaminate municipal wastewaters. The efficiency of cleaning process in the sewage treatment plants (STP) is usually for cyclamate about 99 % and saccharine cca. 90 %. Acesulfame K is in STP practically not eliminated. Although most of artificial sweeteners are considered as good degradable, the residues were found in both surface waters and groundwaters. At long-term treatment can these compounds exhibited biological effect such as cancer genesis, gastrointestinal effects and/or surprisingly body mass increasing. The phytoextraction of saccharine and acesulfame K was experimentally studied by using of "in vitro" cultivated plants Helianthus annuus, Zea mays, and Brassica napus. The phytoextraction was monitored as decrease in medium concentration of tested substance in Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium. It was shown, that used species are able to extract tested substances and during 5 to 7 days 30 - 60 % of acesulfam K and 50 - 60 % of saccharine amounts disappear from cultivation medium depending of used plant species. The best extraction ability was observed at Helianthus annuus cultivars - 0.1...
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Christian Ethical Values Development and Stabilisation at Older School-age Children Via Free Time Activities in Summer Camp
BRADÁČ, Martin
The work is focused on how it is possible to stabilize and develop ethical values in children camps. First the work is focused on a value concept and determinates a Christian ethical value. Further it describes pubescence season characteristics and its specifics, where ethical development, identity and socialization inherently belong to. Then basic mechanisms analyses which are helpful for values education follow. Next part of the work is focused on camp and games dramaturgy. In the end an application of gained knowledge is shown on particular Christian camp preparation which is going to be focused on Christian ethical values development and stabilisation. Example of such camp day by day follows.
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Posttranlational protein modifications in response to DNA damage
Kroupa, Michal ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
- 5 - Abstract Thousands of DNA lessions occur in each cell every day of which the most toxic are double-strand breaks (DSBs). Signaling of their presence and subsequent repair are mediated by so-called DNA-damage response mechanism (DDR), which involves accumulation of many effector proteins into DSBs sites. These molecular accumulation at DSBs are termed DNA damage foci. Depending on presence of sister chromatid, DSBs are repaired by two major mechanisms: by homologous recombination and by non-homologous end joining. Both pathways lead to activation of checkpoint kinases (Chk1 or Chk2) which iniciate checkpoints in cell cycle and allow repair of damaged DNA. Signaling of DNA damage and activation of these pathways are regulated by posttranslational protein modifications. These enzymatic reactions involve mainly phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation. Recently it was shown that ubiquitination of damaged chromatin is a prerequisite for sumoylation of tumor supressors BRCA1 and 53BP1. Failure in DNA damage recognizing mechanisms caused by disorders such as modifications or mutations of 53BP1 and BRCA1 genes can lead to subsequent disruption of genomic integrity and then a high risk for selection of cell clones with tumorigenic potencial. Current research is focused on regulation of posttranslational...
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Changes of posturality after operation according Nuss
Počtová, Barbora ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
Background: Pectus excavatum is the most common deformation of the chest, affecting mainly boys. The etiology is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the patients with pectus excavatum and clarify changes of posture after surgical correction by Nuss. Method: 19 patients (17.3 ± 1.9 years) with pectus excavatum chest deformity were tested a day before and 6 months after surgical correction of the chest according to Nuss. Testing included: clinical examination of range of motion in the shoulder and hip joint, range of motion of the spine Thomayer test, Shober and Stibor distances, as well as paraclinic test mCTSIB on Balance Master ® System and the questionnaire method by means of Pectus Excavatum Evaluation Questionnaire. Statistical significance was determined at 0.05. Results and Discussion: The results show that the correction of the chest has a significant influence on the evaluation of and satisfaction with appearance, increases range of motion of shoulder joints and spine, and positively affects postural stability and balance. Conclusion: A simple and non-invasive tests have shown that the effect of correction of the chest is not just a cosmetic nature and can be an incentive to continue to study this issue.
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Induction of neuronal cell death by neurotoxin factors
Riljak, Vladimír ; Langmeier, Miloš (advisor) ; Kozler, Petr (referee) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Using histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase, Fluoro-Jade В dye and bisbenzimide 33342 Hoechst) we studied the influence of intraperitoneal administration of nicotine, kainic acid and combination of both these substances on hippocampal neurons and their changes. In experiments, 18- 25- and 35-day-old male rats of the Wistar strain were used. 30 minutes prior to the kainic acid application (10 mg/kg), animals were pre-treated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine. After 2 days, the animals were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde under deep thiopental anaesthesia. Cryostat sections were stained to identify NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons that were then quantified in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus, in the dorsal and ventral blades of the dentate gyrus and in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. Fluoro-Jade В positive cells were examined, in the same areas, to elucidate possibly neurodegeneration. Results have shown that nicotine administration brings about the increase of the density of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in 18-day-old animals, in 25-dayold animals in CA3 area of the hippocampus, hilus of the dentate gyrus and in the vevrtal blade of the dentate gyrus, in 35-day-old animals only in the CA3 area of the...
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Proteolytic Enzymes of Vegetative Forms and Spores of the Bacterium Paenibacillus larvae
Hrabák, Jaroslav ; Martínek, Karel (advisor) ; Kotyza, Jaromír (referee) ; Titěra, Dalibor (referee)
Due to the high resistance of the spores, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the most dangerous bacterial pathogen of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Thanks to its biological properties and restricted pathogenicity, this bacterium can be used as a model organism to study gram positive sporulating aerobic rods. This work is focused on completing information about secreted proteases of this bacterium and in a study of proteases bound in a spore structure. MYPGP medium was used for the cultivation of P. larvae. In this medium, lysis of the culture was shown after 40 hours of cultivation. The pH of the medium decreased below 6.4 by lysis. The induction of temperate bacteriophage BLA was detected as a causative agent of this lysis. A new sporulation medium called HCBB agar was proposed for the sporulation of P. larvae. In comparison with HCBB agar with MYPGP agar by 31 strains of P. larvae stored in our collection, HCBB agar was evaluated as an appropriate sporulation medium with a median of sporulatin 4.2 ' 106 spores per cm2 in aerobic conditions and 5.65 ' 106 spores per cm2 in aerobic conditions with 10 % CO2. For purification of the secreted proteases, a one-day culture incubated at room temperature was used. Optimal purification of 87/74 kDa and 42/40 kDa proteases was observed after application of this...
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Impression
Langrová, Kateřina ; Bláha, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Roeselová, Věra (referee)
In this desk study I am concerning with transformation of visuality in art base on conception of impression - visual perception. Examples of displacement of the visual perception are shown in particular comparison of turn of the 19th century and modern-day art, culture and essential metamorphosis of image affected by photography. The graphic and didactic part is connccted with photography followed by illustrations of painting and experiments with catching the feeling and impression of specific pláce.
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Dipentaerythritol branched oligoesters as adhesive carriers of drugs
Doležalová, Kateřina ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee)
The aim of this work was to study disolution and adhesive characteristics of branched lactic and glycolic acid oligoesters. The theoretical part describes biomaterials and bioadhezion. Dipenthaerythritol branched oligoester carriers were plastified 20% triethylcitrate. Adhezive properties were measured by material testing machine Zwick/Roel T1-FR050TH.A1K. The maximum force (Fmax), required to detach the polymer carrier from substrate, was measured for studying this material. Solution of mucin was used as a substate for adhesion. All studied oligoesters had sufficient adhesive properties. There was not any significant influence of incorporated drug. Acyclovir and fluconazole release from plastified carriers was tested. Liberation was tested at 37řC to the phosphate-citrate medium. Concentration of drug in medium was measured by spectrophotometer. There was an increase of drug liberation caused by decreasing of molar weight Mw. Oligoester 3D shown advantageous properties, it liberated acyclovir for 21 days with zeroth order kinetics
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