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Specific use of art therapy in the aftercare center
PODZIMKOVÁ, Petra
This work focuses on the concept of art therapy in Aftercare center, in the service of dealing with follow-up care for people who are recovering from addiction, especially on non-alcohol drugs. Given topic is treated in the theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the paper summarizes the basic definitions related to drug addiction and dependent personality description, followed by an after-care services and focuses on the principles and goals of treatment of addiction. In the treatment of addiction is the default selected using psychotherapy and expressive psychotherapy - art therapy. Art therapy is described as a field, along with historical context, the definition of guidelines that define the field and determining the place of art therapy in the treatment of addiction. The introduction of practical work is described in detail Aftercare center Prevent, focusing on the course and composition of the art therapy program and representation in it. Then are presented work in the background in art therapy Aftercare center Prevent. The main place of work is to present specific case studies of clients with analysis and interpretation of artifacts that illustrate ways of working within art therapy group with respect to the method Rožnov art therapy. The conclusion summarizes the specifics of the use of art therapy in the type of equipment described and obvious benefits for the field of art therapy.
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Spirituality and treatment of addictions
Málek, Tomáš ; Junková, Vendula (referee) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
Thesis is focused on the relationship between spirituality and treatment of addictions. Short outline is made about main problems involved in treatment centers providing care for addicted people. Problems are seen in paradigma of biological-psychological and social dimensions of human being. Thesis considers Logotherapy (V. Frankl), Focusing (E. Gendlin), Process work (A. Mindell) a Psychedelic therapy (S. Grof) and their attitude toward spiritual dimension of man and specific approach in this dimension and treatment of addictions. Research find out implementation of spiritual dimension into work and facilities providing care for addicted people. Finding says spirituality is integrated only in small number of facilities. All researched facilities are open toward spiritual topics. Key words: Spirituality - Therapy - Addictions - Logotherapy - Focusing - Process-oriented work - Psychedelic Therapy - Holotropic Breathing - Therapeutic community - day care - Aftercare
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A sudden cardiac arrest and use of capnometry in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Pokorná, Milana ; Nečas, Emanuel (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee) ; Bělohlávek, Jan (referee)
The study is focused on advanced life support (ALS) performed by rescue team physicians in an out-of-hospital setting. The first part of the study analyzes diagnostic possibilities and correctness of assumed aetiology of the sudden cardiac arrest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the field. It introduces an original method of "Crosscheck Tables" and applies this method to 211 cases of CPR provided by physicians of the Emergency Care Service. The study demonstrates that significantly misleading conclusions can result from a global analysis of a set of cases. It stresses importance of diagnostic analyses applied to individual cases. The second part of the study concentrates on changes in PETCO2 level as related to the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC - Return of Spontaneous Circulation) as opposed to the circulation fully dependent on chest compressions. The study demonstrates that in constantly ventilated patients undergoing CPR in an out-of-hospital setting, PETCO2 is significantly higher (about 10 mmHg) after ROSC than before ROSC. It demonstrates that a sudden increase in PETCO2 exceeding 10 mmHg is likely to indicate the moment of ROSC. The study also support a view that steadily low levels of PETCO2 values (<10 mmHg) indicate a low chance for a successful resuscitation outcome. Key...
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Safety when handling and positioning of the patient
HŘEBEJKOVÁ, Blanka
This thesis focuses mainly on threats to the safety of nursing personnel. These include a high risk of injury when positioning and the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders,which can lead to a long-term sickness of the member of the medical staff. The theoretical part is divided into four parts. The first part describes in particular the need for safety and security, as well as factors that have an influence on this human need.Attention is focused also on ensuring safety while providing nursing care, especially when positioning patients. In connection with safety during this activity, a section in this thesis is devoted to the kinaesthetic mobilization, which offers a slightly different view of the positioning and patient handling. In the last chapter of the theoretical part, findings concerning the prevention of damage to health nurses in providing nursing care are summarized. The thesis has three objectives that were formulated as follows. Objective 1: Determine whether nurses use kinaesthetic principles during a patient handling. Objective 2: Determine whether nurses, in their opinion, have enough equipment to ensure safety during patient handling and positioning. Objective 3: Map the causes of the use of inconsiderate patient positioning techniques. Based on these objectives, the research question and three hypotheses were set. Research question: What are the possibilities for improving patient handling and positioning within the nursing process? Hypothesis 1: The use of kinaesthetic depends on the type of department. Hypothesis 2: Nurses use bad positioning techniques despite their knowledge that they can harm their health and also patient's. Hypothesis 3: Lack of time is the most common cause of the use of the inconsiderate method of positioning. In order to fulfil the objectives, a quantitative research, for which we choose the questionnaire method of data collection, was conducted. The questionnaires were designed for nurses working in the department of surgery, internal medicine and the department of aftercare. The survey was carried out in 7 hospitals of South Bohemia. In total, 340 questionnaires were distributed into these hospitals.The final research sample, therefore, consisted of 209 completed questionnaires. The rate of return was 61%. The obtained data were processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013, then analysed statistically using the chi-square test. The results were processed into graphs. Based on the results, we can conclude that the hypothesis 1 is confirmed. We found that kinaesthetic is used most in aftercare departments. On the contrary, surgery departments use it the least. This is probably due to a different composition of patients on these wards.Hypothesis 2 was, for testing purposes, divided into two working hypotheses. H2a: 60 % nurses know that classical principles of positioning can damage their health. This hypothesis has been disproved. A corollary is HA: Knowledge of nurses about the risk of an injury is not 60%. The research has also revealed that almost three quarters (74 %) of the nurses know that positioning can damage their health. The second part of the hypothesis 2, i.e. H2b: 60 % nurses know that the classical principles of positioning can damage the health of the patient, has also been refuted, and thus applies HA: Knowledge of nurses about the risk of an injury to the patient is not 60%. The results of the survey showed that only 24 % nurses consider the classic method of positioning a risk to patient's health. Hypothesis 3 was, through our research survey, refuted. Sisters see the most frequent reason for using the inconsiderate positioning procedure in the lack of staff.We managed to answer the research question by analysing literature in the theoretical part and performing the survey in the practical part of this thesis.An output of this thesis will be an expert article published in a professional journal and a presentation at a professional conference
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Nursing care of intoxicated patients
SZTARSICHOVÁ, Barbora
This thesis deal with problems of nursing care of intoxicated patients. Nowadays increasing amounts of toxic substances associated with increasing number of hospitalized people with diagnosis intoxication. Nurse work with intoxicated patients can´t be done without good knowledges about this issue as same as without providing comprehensive nursing care. In theoretical part of this thesis we paid atenttion to general description and to the division of intoxication by journeys into the organism. We mentioned history of toxicology, division of intoxication by the cause of intoxication and drug intoxication. Then we paid attention to the toxicological information center, the diagnostics of intoxication, symptomes of some intoxications, treatment and elimination methods, specific antidotes, nursing care and communication with the intoxicated patient. For this thesis we set two goals. No. 1 : To find out what are problematic areas in nursing care of intoxicated patients from nurse´s point of view. No. 2: To find out specifics of nursing care of intoxicated patients. For this thesis were also set three research questions. Question no. 1 is what are problematic areas of nursing care of intoxicated patient from nurse´s point of view. Second question refers to discovery what role has nurse in taking care of intoxicated patients. And the last research question finds out specifics of nursing care of intoxicated patients. For processing the empirical part of this thesis was used a qualitative research for which we used semi-structured interview. Respondents were 9 nurses work at the internal medicine department, intensive care unit of internal medicine and urgent care department in Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. The data gathered from the interviews were subsequently analyzed and processed into three categories. The first category are the problematic areas in nursing care of the intoxicated patient. Second category is the role of nurses in the care of intoxicated patients and the last category is the specifics of nursing care of intoxicated patient. This survey has provided answers to our research questions. Nurses sees as the biggest problem in taking care of intoxicated patients mainly their lack of cooperation and aggression and also a problem in communication with this patient. Second question, what role has nurse in taking care of intoxicated patients, respondents said that the basic role is to fulfil doctor´s orders, take blood samples for toxicological examination and educated patients. Specifics of nursing care of intoxicated patients constitued of security against further injury and intoxication, prevent further absorption of toxic substances into the organism and elimination of toxic substances from the body of the patient. From the results of this work follows that nursing care of intoxicated patients is mentally challenging for most of the nurses mainly because reasons related to lack of cooperation and aggressive patients.
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Utilizing leisure time of seniors in a retirement homes.
KUCHTOVÁ, Kristýna
The free time of seniors in an old people´s home. Current state - Nowadays there are high demands on the work of nurses in general. If the nurse works in an old people´s home, nursing care includes not only nursing interventions, documentation, work with drugs, but also individual approach, interest and personal contact with seniors. It also includes to fill the free time senior by nurse. Theoretical part - At the beginning of the theoretical part, the information that tells how much free time is important. The theoretical part is generally given to old age, age distribution, changes that occur in old age and preparing for old age. The following are described here, which are dealing with old age, such as gerontology and geriatrics. Then there is described the filling nurse in geriatrics, geriatric patient education, specific geriatric patient care and communication with him. Forms of care for the elderly, particularly the old people´s home, where is mentioned as a nurse in the home and senior in the home. There are also included leisure activities. Conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the old people´s home in Havlíčkův Brod, in which there was conducted the practical part of the thesis. Subject - focused research on how seniors spend their leisure in the old people´s home and whether their free time is completed by nurses. Aim 1: Determine how nurses fulfil leisure seniors. Research question 1: How much time per day do nurses devote out of nursing performance? Research question 2: What leisure activities do the nurses offer? Methodology - For the practical part of the thesis "Free time seniors in the old people´s home" was used a qualitative research method. Data acquisition was carried out through interviews. These interviews were conducted with nurses who work in the home and with clients who are staying in the home. The interview was supplemented by observations which was made during interviews and visits the old people´s home. Interview and observation was carried out anonymously in the old people´s home Reynk Havlíčkův Brod. The research group - research sample consisted of 10 clients who are staying in the old people´s home. The age of the clients was in the range from 80 to 93. My major social worker of old people´s home in Havlíčkův Brod chose me these clients.Furthermore, the research was consisted of seven nurses who work in the home. Nurses were recommended to me by the head nurse's old people´s home in Havlíčkův Brod. Results - Based on the results of interviews and observations of selected respondents, it is obvious that nurses leisure seniors filled at least. Almost most of the clients surveyed agreed that nurses fill their free time only for the nursing care. This was the research question, which focused on the time that nurses spend seniors, including nursing interventions. Another part of the survey is to examine whether the elderly sisters offer some leisure activities. From this part of the research showed that only two nurses offer leisure activities for seniors. One of them the basal stimulation and the other walking, talking and viewing photos. Clients in the nursing home is offered many activities, but they are provided by the social workers. This was answered in the second research question. Conclusion - The results could lead to nurses over the free time during the day in the old people ´s home and have to try to somehow fill the free time to seniors, because even a moment sitting with clients is very important and necessary.
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International Trade in Endangered Wildlife (including derivatives)
Bartůňková, Lenka ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
In the course of the 20th century the un-sustainability of international wildlife trade became apparent. European countries play a major role in wildlife trade. One third of total wildlife imports is destined to the EU which makes EU responsible for the protection of world wildlife and should motivate the EU to be a model in biodiversity protection. Regulation of wildlife trade in the EU is discussed in chapter 1. Trade in wildlife and its derivatives is among the most profitable branches of the international trade. Animals are traded in different forms. Birds are usually traded live (for the pet trade), mammals are traded for their fur, butterflies for their bodies, reptiles for their skins, the highest value is attained by trade in fish. In some categories (live birds, caviar) EU imports more than the rest of the world combined. The EU plays a major role as an importer in other categories as well. The magnitude, value and trends of international wildlife trade are discussed in chapter 2. Profitability of the wildlife trade, strong demand for some products and imperfect implementation of CITES result in the development of illegal trade. Illegal wildlife trade is dominated by organized criminal groups that also deal in drugs and human trafficking. Illegal wildlife trade is linked to severe risks and dangers to both the source country and the recipient. More on illegal wildlife trade in chapter 3. EU imports one third of all legally exported wildlife products. It is also the importer of a majority of illegal wildlife products. Having one of the highest standards of living and seeing that the care of environment cannot be limited by political borders, the author of this thesis concludes that it is logical and imperative that the EU engages in improvement of wildlife protection in less developed countries of the world. The last chapter deals with conservation of Cameroonian Dja Biosphere Reserve and with the attempt of large EU's environmental programs to improve conservation in Cameroon.
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The Quality of life of people dependent on alkohol after the treatment
Kasiková, Martina ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Hadaš, Lubomír (referee) ; Kutnohorská, Jana (referee)
Author: lnstitution: Martina Kasiková Charles University in Prague, Faculty ofMedicine in Hradec Králové, lnstitute of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing The Quality of life of people dependent on alcohol after the treatment Prof. PhDr. Mareš Jiří, CSc. 172 5 2011 Title: Supervisor: Number of pages: Number of supplements: Defence year: Keywords: alcohol, alcoholism, dependence, treatment of dependence, abstinence, prohibition The graduation work gives an overview of using alcoholic drinks during centuries, punishments for its misuse and the first attempts to treat it. It is concemed with the disastrous misuse of this addictive substance and its impact on the human organism in the medical, family and social areas. It brings a cross-section of possible impacts of using alcohol upon various organs of the human body as well as an enumeration of the most common diseases associated with alcoholism itself and it presents various aspects of an increased consumption of alcohol. It offers the enumeration of various possibilities of the therapy, the after-treatment ways as well as the successive care. The graduation work focuses on the qualitative research conducted in the way of a half- structured interview with four respondents dependent on alcohol with the abstinence duration moving between 1 and 1.5...
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Interactions between Drugs, Medicinal Plants and Substances of Natural Orgin
Kavková, Kateřina ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Kateřina Kavková Consultant: Doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Interactions between drugs, medicinal plants and substances of natural origin This rigorous thesis created overview of herb-drug interactions. Cited literature includes articles published in the journals (British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology), periodicals and internet databases (Web of Science, Science Direct) since April 2007 till June 2010. Of the total 123 medicinal plants the largest amount of interactions was recorded at Hypericum perforatum (30,96 %), Ginkgo biloba (15,48 %), Piper nigrum (9,68 %). Herbs interact mostly with anticoagulants (30,08 %), especially thanks to warfarin; analgetics including antipyretics and NSAIDs (21,95 %); and antidiabetics (18,69 %). In the period 2002 - 2007 the leader interaction position had anticoagulants, too, followed by antihypertensives and acetylsalicyl acid. Interactions can be influenced by interindividual differences, at the test-level there depends on test-sensitivity, concentration of tested drugs and herbs. The number of interactions is increasing. It is neccesary to deal with interactions, increase know-how, reduce mistakes among patients and health-care...
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Structural-Functional Correlations of Hydroxymethylbilane synthase
Douděrová, Dana
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, classified as acute hepatic porphyria. It is characterized by a deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS, EC 4.3.1.8), the third enzyme in heme biosynthesis. Clinical features include gastrointestinal, neurologic and cardiovascular symptoms, but the most common clinical presentation is abdominal pain caused by neurovisceral crises. The purpose of this study was first to perform molecular analysis of the AIP patients. Once a mutation is detected in a patient, molecular testing is offered to family members. In each affected family, this becomes an important tool for individualised medicine, allowing for careful drug prescription; in addition, it is very important for the asymptomatic carriers to be warned of precipitating factors, thus avoiding an acute attack. The proper DNA diagnostics can be achieved by a combination of a robust and effective pre-screening method and a confirmatory DNA sequencing step. We decided to establish a new generation pre-screening method, which will be highly sensitive and relatively time- and cost-effective. Our method of choice was high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis using the LightScanner instrument. Another important aspect of this project was to study the molecular...
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