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Freemasonry in the Course of the History
Routková, Kateřina ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee)
Freemasonry in the Course of the History. The present work deals with the historical development and function of the organization of the brotherhood of Freemasons. Based on the available literature, this work tries to summarize especially the mythical aspects of the modern history of the organization after 1717. An emphasis is placed on the development of the English and French Freemasonry, but this work also briefly introduces the reader to the situation in other European countries and in America. Furthermore, the work deals with Masonic symbolism, which is an integral part of the organization and certainly essential to a sufficient understanding of the organization. An important chapter deals with initiation the ceremonies and the rituals that illustrate the general idea of Freemasons. In conclusion, the paper presents an analysis of the relationship between the organization and the Church, in historical context, and the position of women among the Masons.
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Enlightenment on the Apennine Peninsula Shown on the Example of Cesare Beccaria and Antonio Genovesi
Argalášová, Marta ; Helan, Pavel (advisor) ; Čaplyginová, Olga (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the Enlightenment on the Apennine Peninsula. Its introductory part focuses on the characteristics of Enlightenment as a movement, it tracks the Enlightenment's beginnings, its development and its essential figures. After this part follows a description of the situation in the eighteenth century and the enlightened reforms that took place in the area of the Apennine Peninsula. In the two subsequent parts the thesis focuses on two particular personages of the Italian Englightenment, Cesare Beccaria and Antonio Genovesi, on their lives, their philosophy and thein main works, and also on the influence that they had on the future generation of reformers.
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Image of the Czech Prehistory in Historiography and Fiction of the 19th
Futtera, Ladislav ; Šmahelová, Hana (advisor) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
This thesis concentrates on the capturing of the development trends of evens of the representation of the Czech prehistory in the fiction and of its conception in the historiography. The term 'Czech prehistory' is approached in terms of the Czech tales, with emphasis laid on the character of Princess Libuše. The span of the thesis reaches from the Englightenment critic of Václav Hájek z Libočan's Kronika česká (Czech chronicle) by Gelasius Dobner to the argument about the authenticity of the Rukopis královédvorský (Manuscript from Dvůr Králové) and the Rukopis zelenohorský (Manuscript from Zelená hora) in the 1880s. Both cases resulted in reassessment of the relation to the stories from the Czech prehistory by the contemporary society. The first chapter, after introducing the topic, deals with critique of the Václav Hájek's Chronicle by Gelasius Dobner, which changed the relation to the Czech prehistory in the historiography of the Czech coutries, and the philosophy of Johann Gottfried Herder, which opened the way to the establishment of the modern nations, based on the language. The national communities were afterwords established based on their history and the stories about their origin. The next chapters pursue the adaptation of the material about the Czech prehistory in the German literature,...
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Herder's philosophy of culture. Herder and the German Enlightenment
Bojda, Martin ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
This paper tries to provide an interpretation of the concept of culture in the work of one of German Enlightenment's most versatile personalities: Johann Gottfried Herder. The emphasis will be placed on this concept within the framework of a new interpretation of the historicity and essence of language as a medium of knowledge, understanding and communication, leading towards an examination of Herder's contribution to the philosophy of language and processuality as the basis of a project of an universal, but immanently historical anthropology. Furthermore, we will introduce Herder's integration of the enlightened rationality and classical metaphysics as expressed in his aesthetics and poetry. We also will reconstruct the foundations and future influence of Herder's linking of universalist humanism with the new awareness of the national and social determination of being. Namely, being as something actively and freely appropriated in an integrated manner that is however not arbitrary. Key words: Herder, Enlightenment, culture, philosophy of language
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The Enlightenment and its Impact on the National and Spiritual Formation of People in the Czech Lands during 18th and 19th Century
Karasová, Ivana ; Veverková, Kamila (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee)
This master thesis deals with the spiritual progress pointing to a national self-awareness in the Enlightenment era from the beginning until 1848. The Enlightenment is an European phenomenon, which is characterized by a change of thinking, and self-awareness. This idea of tolerance and human emancipation contributed to the reforms of fundamental social, political and ecclesiastical changes. These changes result not only from a philosophical influences, but also from royal reforms during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II in particular. The Teresian enlightened Catholicism and Josephinian reformism fully started the journey from the Enlightenment to liberalism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Affect and expression in the society of enlightenment
Smyčka, Václav ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
This work deals with the changes of rhetorical education and emotional orders in the second half of the 18th century. The aim of the research is to assess the relations among language education, funtions of medias, anthropological models and expression of emotions on the Threshold of enlightenment. The background of the research shapes the transformation of rhetorical tradition. The research of the broad field of pedagogical, rhetorical and moral discurs is focused on the collegium of Karl Heinrich Seibt.
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Personality of Wallenstein and His Picture in Friedrich Schillerś Drama
Průchová, Bohuslava ; Haupenthal, Thomas Maria (advisor) ; Bučková, Tamara (referee)
This thesis deals with portrayal of Albert von Wallenstein in Schiller's drama Wallenstein. The objective is to compare the extent to which today's historians look at this famous commander differs from the image created by Schiller in the trilogy. Attention is paid to the psychology of the character and directly related historical events. It is also discussed whether the differences between the historical and dramatic character are caused by Schiller's view of the role of theatre in society, or rather have a relationship with the general contemporary context.
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