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Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria
Vacková, Kateřina ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The master thesis on the topic Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria is focused on analysing the motives of states, which are crucial for deciding to intervene or not to intervene in the territory of a foreign state. The whole issue is assessed from the perspective of two major theories of international relations - liberalism and realism. As the first research case was chosen the international community's intervention in Libya in 2011. The case was analysed from the perspective of Sweden, which took part in the operation by the deployment of eight fighters Jas 39 Gripen. As the second case was chosen the civil war in Syria, which has been underway since 2011 and whose situation would have required similar interference by the international community. However, this has not happen until that time, although the states are militarily involved in Syria. This case was analysed from the view of Russia, which did not take part in operation in Libya, but since September 2015 has been involved in fighting on the ground in Syria. As a last case was chosen Great Britain, which has militarily participated in both conflicts. For the analysis itself was used Ortega's typology of interventions, which was adapted for the purpose of this work. The different...
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The Caliphate on the Halt: Explaining the Stalling Campaign of the Islamic State in Libya
Lovecký, Tomáš ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the prospects of the Islamic State's expansion to Libya. Using the method of process tracing, the author assesses the campaign of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq and establishes 6 factors he calls ‚enablers' that played key roles in facilitating its success - the ideology, exploitation of state breakdown and governance, funding, combat know-how, propaganda, and sectarianism. He dedicates special attention to the problematics of sectarianism and the way the Islamic State made instrumental use of it in both of these countries. The author then proceeds to assess the viability of the IS enterprise in Libya, examining whether the conditions and circumstances in the country are conducive for an IS unsurgency. He identifies 8 structural conditions that underpinned the relevant enablers in Syria and assesses their relevance in Libya. Comparison of the two cases shows that except for sectarianism all the structural conditions are relevantly present in Libya which, according to J. S. Mill's method of a difference of J. S. Mill's method of a difference, should explain the stalling campaign of IS in Libya. The author proceeds to confirm this hypothesis by assessing the actual campaign of the Islamic State in Libya. He contends the Islamic State tried to follow the successful...
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The Influence of the Arab Spring on US-Saudi Relations
Pánek, Robin ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence, which the events of the Arab Spring had on the relations between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It examines the events of the Arab Spring in four countries, which are important both for the Arab Spring itself and thanks to their specific relations to both observed states. The countries are Tunisia (where the events of the Arab Spring first started and from where they began to spread to other countries of the Arab world), Egypt (long-time partner of both the United States and Saudi Arabia in the region), Libya (first country, where was undertaken a foreign military intervention with the participation of the United States regarding the Arab spring) and Saudi Arabia itself (where the protests were appeased, but from where a military intervention against neighboring Bahrain was launched). Apart from a chronological account of the events, part of the thesis is also an analysis of the stances of both observed states on these events. Comparing these stances, the thesis aims to show how big an influence the potential differences in stance had on mutual relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia. In the case of the stances of the United States, the thesis uses the freely accessible press statements and speeches of the...
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The Involvement of the International Criminal Court in Investigating Crimes outside Armed Conflict
Patková, Lucie ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the question, in which situation the International Criminal court would probably open an Investigation of such crimes by an international body is a delicate question mainly with regard to a great extend of intervention into a state sovereignty, which manifests itself also as jurisdictional sovereignty. The thesis focuses on the case of Kenyan post-election violence in years of 2007 and 2008 and the aim to suppress Libyan revolution of 2011. Besides, the work is based upon the theory of (liberal) institutionalism, which could hopefully be applied to the international-law case of investigation of the crimes committed outside an armed conflict. Within the framework of the thesis I try to reveal criteria determining whether the International Criminal court opens or not an investigation to a situation of human rights abuse. For the purpose I take into consideration world and local country status, character of the perpetrators, extend of the attacks, country's relation to the great powers, as well as readiness of the country to prosecute the perpetrators within the national jurisdiction. As conclusion I try t compare the findings from the part applying liberal institutionalism and from the case studies.
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Means to an End: Arab Spring
Tanev, Stefan Latchezarov ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The thesis discusses the progress or lack thereof of in the Middle East, specifically Egypt to achieve "democracy". It will critically explore the reasons why the Arab Spring happened, what were the factors and what changed in Egypt during those times until the present. I will show how it was before the revolution in Egypt which toppled ex-president Mubarak, examine the transition phase when ex-president Morsi was in power, and at the end the second revolution or coup d'état by current president El-Sisi. With that said Egypt will be compared with the other countries in the region; Tunisia, Libya and Syria, and we will see what are some of the similarities in the revolutions as well as some of the differences.
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The Concept of Responsibility to Protect in the conflicts in Libya and Syria
Kotrčová, Barbora ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this work is to determine whether the concept of Responsibility to Protect is able to explain why in case of the Syrian civil conflict the international community did not intervene in a similar manner as it did in Libya. Primarily, the theoretical framework is defined using the concept of Responsibility to Protect. In order to answer the research question, all criteria applied in the analysis were operationalized in accordance with the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty and the Outcome Document from 2005. At the same time, concept of state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention is designed. Although the conflicts in Libya and Syria started simultaneously in 2011 during the rule of authoritarian regimes, the intrastate situations were not identical. Based on the analysis of two case studies, I came to the conclusion that the concept of Responsibility to Protect is able to sufficiently explain the different reaction of the international community, which confirmed my hypothesis. Specifically, it is the principle of right authority, which was not fulfilled in Syria, while it is necessary to note the criterion of reasonable prospect becomes with the gradual development of the conflict more and more problematic. In contrast, the intervention in...
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United Nations Performance and Responsibility to Protect
Vymětal, Václav ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Diploma thesis "United Nations Performance and Responsibility to Protect" applies the research framework of the performance of international organizations on the cases of two humanitarian crises with the involvement of the United Nations in connection to the "Responsibility to Protect" norm. The cases examined, are the intervention in Libya (2011) and the crisis in the Sudanese province of Darfur (2003). The thesis uses the comparative method and evaluates the occurrence and measure of the sources of performance, which it defines in its theoretical framework. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Framing of news photography in the czech press on the example of the civil war in Libya
Polmanová, Magda ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Štefaniková, Sandra (referee)
The thesis Framing of News Photography in the Czech Press on the Example of the Civil War in Libya explores the visual coverage of the conflict by Czech print media. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the theory of framing. It also focuses on the role of media in armed conflicts, visual behavior of media, the specifics of war photography and its framing. Furthermore the thesis explores the important relationship between image and text. The research draws on extensive literature on media framing as well as foreign research and combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. The practical part is based on the theory of Johan Galtung and his concepts of war and peace journalism, which can be seen as two competing frames. One of the first visual quantitative analysis to apply Galtung's theory was carried out by Shahira Fahmy and Rico Neumann. This study was used as a basis for the thesis. The aim of the research was to determine what visual frames are used to cover the war in the Czech press. Quantitative research focused on three sets of characteristics - picture position and sources, content and formal elements and framing. The most important part of the analysis was to determine the roles of the individuals in the images. The roles were essential for determining of the frames. The purpose...
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Rusian approach to military intervention under the "Responsibility to Protect" principle
Prokopová, Barbora ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the Russian Federation plays an important role in the debate over humanitarian interventions. These are defined by the Responsibility to Protect principle that allows international military intervention into internal political crisis of other countries in case the security of civilian population is in danger. Russia sent its army to Georgia in 2008 and Crimea in 2014 referring to this principle. However, it was Russia's reluctance to approve any intervention that governed the diplomatic negotiations during the Libyan civil war in 2011. The importance of the problem of various understanding of the R2P principle by different world powers is still crucial and is also clearly visible on the ongoing conflict in Syria. This thesis focuses on the approach of the Russian Federation to the Responsibility to Protect principle. It determines general factors that influence the issue of humanitarian intervention in the framework of Russian foreign policy, and puts Russian attitude to the overall context of the discussion about this principle. The thesis confirms the assumption that the R2P principle has become a Russian foreign policy instrument, which has been misused within the Russian sphere of interest and used to obstruct the interventions initiated by the...
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