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Multi-experimental Characterization of Grape Skins' Extracts
Šťavíková, Lenka ; Brezová, Vlasta (referee) ; Šilhar,, Stanislav (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The determination of anthocyanins in red grapes and wines has been of increasing interest in the last years, as they play an important role in colour quality of red wines revealing also many human health beneficial effects. They contribute e.g. to the reduction of coronary heart disease, but exhibit also antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant properties. In this doctoral thesis, the complex study of grape skin alcoholic and water extracts, prepared from Alibernet and St. Laurent wine grape varieties is presented. Extracts were prepared from three different amounts (0,5; 1,0 and 1,5 g) of lyophilized grape skin powder using the Pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) and the Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) at different temperatures ranging from 40 up to 120°C and pressure of 15 MPa. Methanol, ethanol and water were used as a solvents. Total phenolic compound content (TPC) of individual extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau assay and their tristimulus color values (CIE Lab) were estimated, using the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The identification and quantification of anthocyanins by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was performed. In addition, pH values of all extracts were also measured using the combinated glass electrode. Antioxidant activity of extracts was tested by EPR spectroscopy in Fenton system (H2O2/Fe2+) generating reactive radicals (•OH, O2-•, •CH3) followed by spin trapping technique, using 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin trap. In addition, radical scavenging activity of extracts was assessed applying 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (•DPPH) free radical and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS•+) assays. All the experimental data were processed with principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) to specify the optimum extraction conditions for extract preparation from the perspective of the potential further application of the extracts as food supplements or food colour enhancers. The results indicated that grape skins of both varieties are a promising source of anthocyanins with prospective application in food industry.
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Stability of cathode materials for Li-ion accumulators
Janíček, Zdeněk ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on study of positive electrode materials for Li-Ion batteries. Our aim are intercalation materials whose are really perspective materials whose are widely used in this case. The theoretical part of my thesis focus on basic study of Li-ion batteries and their parameters. We studied charging and discharging processes. AFM and SEM were used as additional techniques for study LiCoO2 a Li0,975K0,025CoO2. We tested lifetime and stability of electrode as a perspective material for electrode for Li-ion batteries.
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Study of volatile hydrocarbon decomposition in non-thermal plasma of gliding arc at atmospheric pressure
Töröková, Lucie ; Rašková, Zuzana (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with gliding arc discharge in non-equilibrium plasma, its properties and usage for dissociation of volatile organic compounds. Plasma techniques create a perspective alternative to classical methods such as adsorption, biofilters, thermal processes, freezing and condensation. The method used for analysis of dissociation products is described in the theoretical part as well. Method is gas chromatography and it is combined with mass spectroscopy. The experimental part contains the overall description of GlidArc reactor where volatile organic compounds were dissociated. The volatile organic compound is brought into the reactor from the reservoir by carrier gas (nitrogen); synthetic air was used as working gas. The reactor is connected to the device for sampling. This device has several openings for sampling by SPME fibre method, sorption tubes method and a special opening for probe entry from the device Testo 350 M/XL, which enables instant analysis of low-molecular compounds. GC-MS was used for determination of high-molecular products of dissociation. Products sorbed on SPME fibres were analysed directly, compounds sorbed by active carbon were extracted by carbon disulphide. Samples obtained using SPME fibres were analysed. The major products of the dissociaton were found due to this analysis, those major products are in the case of hexane: pentanal, 4 methyl-3-pentanal, 2-butoxy-ethanol, pentane a 2-hexene. Major products detected when dissociating cyclohexane were: l,3-dimethyl-butane, propanal, cyklohexanone, 5-hexenal a 2-pentyn-1-ol. Major products of xylene dissociation were methyl-benzene, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-benzaldehyde, 1-nitroethyl-benzene a benzenmethanol. After analysis obtained using sorption tubes showed that mainly the dissociated compound was sorbed, but the products of the dissociation were presented in too low concentration for an adequate analysis. For that reason the sorption tubes were used only for quantitative determination of the compounds depending on the power supply. The dependence of the dissociation of the compounds on the power supply was observed using SPME fibres which were used for quantitative determination. The Results obtained by both obtained techniques were almost in accordance. Speaking of low-molecular compounds, dissociation of all compounds gave the same products, i.e. carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide and water. The results show that the dissociation of VOC gives - besides many potentially dangerous dissociation products - significant amounts of nitrogen oxides which is harmful to the environment. Hence it is necessary to be concerned with problems studied in the future mainly with respect to limitation of NOx generation. It will be possible to optimalize the conditions of the VOC dissociation on the basis of future kinetic analysis.
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Kinds of puppets and their use in Czech film
Bartošová, Kateřina ; KLOS, Jan (advisor) ; KUBÍČEK, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to acquaint the reader with the possibilities of usage of puppets in film, both animated and hand-held. It concentrates mainly on productions made in the Czech Republic. This thesis contains the division and description of individual techniques and types of puppets, a brief history of Czech and and international puppetry and a brief insight in to film and the beginnings of animation and the history of Czech puppet film. It contains analysis of specific films, compares animation and theatre techniques from different perspectives and also concentrates on specific qualities of puppets and some means of film communication. The conclusion of this thesis contains an interview with Jan Švankmajer.
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Sun Simiao - life of an immortal
Švarný, Michal ; Lomová, Olga (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jakub (referee)
Sun Simiao - life of an immortal : Abstract This thesis studies the traditional perception on an important Chinese Tang dynasty physician and alchemist Sun Simiao 孫思邈 (581-682), which is examined on his biography from the tenth century Taoist collection of hagiographies Xuxianzhuan 續仙傳. The study begins through an analysis of the oldest available sources of the biography of Sun Simiao. This analysis can build upon the work of N. Sivin, summarize it, add some details if needed and approach it with a critical attitude. The study of Sun's biography focuses on the archetypal categories which were connected to him, such as recluses, masters of methods and immortals. First the structure of his biography is compared with the usual structure of biographies of exemplary officials. Then parts of the biography that correspond to each category are chosen. On their basis the extent to which the biography of Sun Simiao represents only a characterisation of the given category or truly reflects the real his real life, or at least what we know about his life from the available sources. In the end the later development of Sun Simiao's traditional Taoist perception is briefly outlined providing a broader perspective of the main subject. Keywords: China (Tang dynasty), hagiography, recluses, Taoism, immortals, intellectual...
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Domestic Violence in Partnership
HRÁDKOVÁ, Marcela
Dissertation provides a study of domestic violence in partnership. The theoretical part offers a definition of term `domestic violence{\crq} and a historical perspective on this subject. This part also includes the psychological profile of a habitually violent partner, the description of cycle and acts of domestic violence, as well as its stages normally experienced by the abused women. The practical part is based on my own research, using a questionnaire as its method. The aim of my research is, at least partially, to establish attitudes of the public towards this issue, their views on domestic abusers and on the actual forms of domestic violence.
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WIND INSTRUMENTS OF MODERN SYMPHONY orchestra
Hybler, Martin ; Kurz, Ivan (advisor) ; Riedlbauch, Václav (referee) ; Bláha, Ivo (referee)
My work concerns wind instruments of the symphonic orchestra seen from the
perspective of the current period ? that is instruments which in unconventional
ways offer new sound possibilities. In the opening three chapters I will briefly
outline common features of wind instruments, of their principles of sound
creation, sound characteristics and the function of the wind instrument in the
orchestra. I will focus on their notation, and on air consumption and breathing.
The following chapters cover dynamic possibilities of wind instruments,
articulation, sound effects and muting. The focal point of the work lies in the
chapter about special possibilities of wind instruments, for instance, multiphonics,
bisbigliando, double-trill, flageolets, slap-tones, echo-tones etc. In the
closing chapter I sum up the results of my experiments of tremolo of all tone
combinations in the main representative family of wooden wind instruments
(flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and saxophone). From the tests arise additional
synoptic tables of special techniques.
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Analysis of Communication Activities of International Festival Prague Proms in the Year 2011
Havelková, Alžběta ; Dolanský, Pavel (advisor) ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (referee)
2 Abstract The bachelor thesis "Analysis of Communication Activities of International Music Festival Prague Proms in the Year 2011" deals with marketing communication of International Music Festival Prague Proms, which was specifically used in the year 2011. The thesis decribes the festival from the perspective of its organisational structure and characteristic of main activities. On these basics analyses the work, by using a descriptive method, means of communication used in the year stated. It strives to illustrate if, and how much the cultural organisation keeps on techniques and strategies of marketing communiaction in connection with specific principles of art marketing. Particular communication techniques are compared and analyzed on their appropriateness for cultural organisation. Currently, when an interest in classical music declines, such cultural organisation as this have to fight for its customers and using of well-chosen marketing techniques is essential. The work deals with all aspects of the organisation that affect activities of communication mix used. An emphasis is put on its own history, core, product structure and background of the organisation. In the second part the work describes particular communication activities and compared them with general principles of art marketing and...
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State and Perspectives of Computer Literacy in People with VisualImpairment in the Czech Republic.
Dvořák, Vladimír ; Květoňová, Lea (advisor) ; Švec, Dmitrij (referee)
Postmoderní doba, založená na informačních, výpočetních a komunikačních technologiích, přináší s sebou mnohá ulehčení, která se dají aplikovat prakticky do všech sfér života běžného jedince. Samozřejmě, že i člověk z těžkým zrakovým postižením je schopen využívat téměř všech dostupných výhod spojených s používáním informační techniky, nicméně, jeho práce na počítači vyžaduje nejen jistá specifika v oblasti osvojování si nutných dovedností, kterými musí zrakově postižený člověk disponovat, ale také a především vyžaduje speciální vybavení a úpravy počítačů tak, aby je mohl využívat i například člověk nevidomý. Protože jsem sám nositelem progresivní zrakové vady a informační a komunikační technika mě provází od brzkého mládí, rozhodl jsem se, že problematice výpočetní techniky a jejího používání zrakově postiženými, zasvětím téma své diplomové práce. Celou řadu poznatků, které jsou prezentovány v této diplomové práci, jsem nabyl vlastní praxí zrakově postiženého člověka, pracujícího v oblasti IVT pro zrakově postižené. Cílem diplomové práce je seznámit čtenáře s obecnými a historickými souvislostmi, týkajícími se samotného vzniku počítačů a jejich následného vývoje, představit překážky a specifika spolupráce zrakově postiženého s informační a komunikační technikou. Popsat legislativní rámec upravující...
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Psychological aspects of accuracy and credibility of a statement
Chroustovská, Petra ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
The thesis is focused on psychological aspects of accuracy and credibility of a statement. It emphasises the fact that each statement has to be assessed from the point of view of both of these perspectives. The study summarizes information regarding factors influencing the accuracy and completeness of a statement. It deals with the factors affecting memories of criminal events and their recall and verbalization in the course of an interview. The description of appropriate techniques of an interview with a cooperative witness includes the author's professional experience. The study than covers the issue of credibility of a statement, paying attention to the knowledge of features of truthful and untruthful statements. Finally it presents and analyses verbal and nonverbal criteria of statement credibility assessment.
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