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Phylogeny, phylogeography and taxonomy of selected members of the family Bosminidae
Faustová, Markéta ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Hudec, Igor (referee) ; Schwenk, Klaus (referee)
Phylogeography, taxonomy, and systematics of chosen members of family Bosminidae Abstract of Ph.D. Thesis MSc Markéta Faustová Supervisors: RNDr. Veronika Sacherová, Ph.D. - Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Dr. Derek J. Taylor, Ph.D. - New York State University at Buffalo, U.S.A. For their life cycles, phenotypic plasticity, presence of sibling species and worldwide distribution, cladocerans are useful organisms for evolutionary studies with the aim to understand mechanisms of speciation, adaptive radiation, and polymorphism. While members of the genus Daphnia (family Daphniidae) became an iconic model in such studies, members of the family Bosminidae posses comparably interesting set of characteristics that could help to elucidate speciation mechanisms. In particular, members of the genus Eubosmina are known for extreme levels of phenotypic plasticity, especially in the Circumbaltic region, which puzzled the taxonomy and confused relationships of all described morphotypes since the first Eubosmina was described in 1857. The presented thesis explores genetic and morphometrical relationships with the aim to clarify how closely related all the described morphospecies are, to find out if there are some reproductive barriers and how strong these barriers are, how is the present-day structure of...
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Irish political parties euroscepticism analysis
Chrudimská, Barbora ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Ireland is generally seen as one of the biggest supporters of the European Union. Irish public opinion researches have been showing long-term and extremely positive attitudes to the European integration. The pro-European consensus is also known among the local political parties. Moreover, at the end of the 20th century, a strong economic growth had started and the Ireland quickly became a model example of how positive impact the European integration may have on its Member states. European issues therefore did not attract too much attention in the local political discourse. This changed in the early 21st century, when the increasing public euroscepticism began observable. The thesis examines whether selected Irish political parties adapted their rhetoric and actions to ever more critical mood of voters. These are Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party. The thesis covers three critical moments of the Irish European integration, namely the Nice Treaty, the Lisbon Treaty and the Irish debt crisis. It searches for negative comments about the EU and European integration of examined political parties in the campaigns before the referendum on European issues, as well as in their election statements to the Irish parliamentary elections, also taking place in the selected period. The aim of the thesis is...
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EF-Tu PROTEIN DOMAINS Functions and Thermostability
Šanderová, Hana ; Jonák, Jiří (advisor) ; Pichová, Iva (referee) ; Mikulík, Karel (referee)
6 % The bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) has been extensively studied for decades as it plays a key role in protein biosynthesis. It is a model, multifunctional GTP-protein. This protein is also in the centre of interest as a possible target for new antibiotics. Moreover, the high homology in structure and function makes EF-Tu proteins suitable for the studies of evolutionary relationships between organisms and for elucidation of the structural features of adaptation to various living conditions. Furthermore, since all known EF-Tu proteins are composed of three distinct domains, they can also serve as suitable models for the understanding of domain organization in proteins. One of the main research projects of the Department of Gene Expression at the Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, where I did my PhD studies, was the study of the primary structure, transcription regulation and functions of bacterial elongation factors Tu from Gram positive thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus and from Gram negative mesophilic bacterium Escherichia coli. In this work, we focused on the structure-function relationships between EF-Tu proteins and their domains. The domain effect had been before our studies tested mainly by truncated EF-Tu forms lacking one or two domains. In contrast, we decided to...
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Effective Algorithms for Verifying Goals in Computer Games
Suda, Martin ; Majerech, Vladan (referee) ; Hric, Jan (advisor)
In the present work we study non-uniform methods for searching game trees of two player games with perfect information. Particularly the non-uniformity based on threats as realized in lambda search and dual-lambda search algorithms is investigated. Threats, de ned as such attack moves that if followed by a pass from the defender result in his certain loss, allow for a reduction of the search space while guaranteeing correctness at the same time. The work then describes a new method for construction of so called relevancy zones, a list of moves or places on the game desk that can only have in uence on the result of the problem in question. Using these zones it is possible to speed up the mentioned algorithms considerably. In the work there are also described three games, AtariGo, Hex and Go-Moku, and their appropriateness with respect to the studied methods is analyzed. Part of the work is also an implementation of the methods for these games using known techniques (transposition tables, history heuristic).
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Rituals of the life cycle of Slovak Jews in the 20th century
Kostovčíková, Sláva ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Life of the Jews in Slovakia has long tradition. However the Jews have been living here for many centuries, people know really little about them. About family traditions in Slovak Jewish families we got known especially from interviews with witnesses. According to interviews we see a measure of religious practices in different families and in different political periods. Traditions, customs and so do rituals of the life cycle were obviously part of the life of the Jews in Slovakia before Second World War. Already in the period before Second World War there were steps to adaptation and assimilation to majority society. This trend became much stronger among Jews, who survived Second World War, and who decided to stay to live in Slovakia. The measure of assimilation culminated at the time of communism, especially after the year 1968. The political circumstances and atheistic propaganda did not allow being a Jew in a religious way, and about the identity most of the Jews rather kept silence. The revolution in the year 1989 brought disengagement in this way as well. Mainly the young generation has again interest about Judaism, but not in his religious way.
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The activity of the Government and the supreme defense council of the state in 1932-1938
Straka, Karel ; Gebhart, Jan (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Hanzlík, František (referee)
This PhD thesis describes evolution of the political-military decisions in the field of defense of the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1930s. Its aim is to give the essential pieces of knowledge about preparation of the effective defense in that time. Much has been written about the Czechoslovak military preparations during the critical period of the international affairs between 1932-1938. Many studies and books have only contained a pure military side of the Czechoslovak defense. Historical development of the Czechoslovak Military Forces is well-known with regard to the Czechoslovak military situation within the Munich crisis in September 1938 but the effective defense measures were taken for the period of a few years before 1938. The political-military decisions of the Czechoslovak executive system have not been examined. Work of the Supreme Defense Council of the State (Nejvyšší rada obrany státu) is in the centre of this PhD thesis. The Supreme Defense Council of the State and the Government had major responsibility for Czechoslovak security. Work of the mentioned Council has not been examined. The PhD thesis is divided into five chapters, arranged chronically, which trace development of the Czechoslovak defense system. There is a preface and a conclusion in the structure of this PhD thesis too. The...
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Value added tax from the point of view of Czech and Community law
Procházka, Ondřej ; Kohajda, Michael (referee) ; Boháč, Radim (advisor)
Value Added Tax in EC and Czech Tax Law Since 1950s, tax systems of jurisdictions around the world have undergone a revolutionary change, marked by the proliferation of value added tax. The pioneering jurisdiction in this respect has been the supranational European Economic Community, known as the European Community since 1992. Its common system of VAT has set out an example of an invoice based, credit substraction VAT which has since become a model for developed and deve- loping countries alike. In the Czech Republic, VAT was introduced in 1992 under strong EC influence, as part of a far-reaching tax reform aiming at adapting the tax system to the needs of market economy. As of May 1, 2004, Czech Republic joined the EC and became part of the common system. In this work, we first provide a general overview of the VAT. We identify its key characteristics and use classification to discuss the pros and cons of the invoice based credit substraction system. We review the VAT from the fiscal policy perspective and apply the criterions of sound tax design to explain the reasoning behind its popularity. Next, we explore in depth the development of common system of VAT in the EC. We discuss the reasoning behind its introduction, the economic and legal circumstances of its adoption and further development. We deem that...
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The metabolism of anthelmintics for helminth
Cvilink, Viktor ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Holčapek, Michal (referee) ; Machala, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Viktor Cvilink Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: METABOLISM OF ANTHELMINTICS IN HELMINTHS Anthelminthic drugs are presently the principal method for the control of helminth diseases. Knowledge of detoxification mechanisms that helminths possess is important for understanding the processes that affect the drug concentration within a helminth organism and may be crucial in the treatment efficacy. When the drug concentration in a target organism does not reach the therapeutic level, it results in a decreased efficacy of pharmacotherapy which may further lead to the induction of helminth biotransformation enzymes and eventually issue in resistance development to the administered drug. Present knowledge of helminth biotransformation enzymes is insufficient. Often it is not known whether a given individual helminth species possesses such enzymes or whether it is capable of employing them in treatment evasion. In the presented thesis, the objective was to investigate the biotransformation pathways of selected anthelminthics in model helminth species, identify the formed metabolites and characterize biotransformation enzymes of the studied parasites. Our...
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Lifelong learning: diagnostics
Míka, Jan ; Večeřa, Ivo (referee) ; Beneš, Milan (advisor)
The present thesis attempts to find a general model for tailerod education of adults. The author start s off by defining the recipients in the current education landscape. Thereafter, he provides a comprehensive overview of both well- and less-known typologies (MBTI, Keirsey, Kolb, LS). Based on a critical assessment of the instruments in view of their appropriateness for the categorization in lifelong learning, the author concludes that the existing approaches, while offering valuable insight, may be less than optimal for the education of adults, the reason being the complexity of application. The thesis concludes with a proposed approach drawing on Jung's personality theory, outlining a general method for the education in differentiated groups that could prove useful. The thesis can serve as either a starting point for further empirical research to validate the practical approach towards the differentiated groups determined with the empiricaltheoretical model, or as a guide for junior practitioners.
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Methodology of coordinate system setup for optical measuring device Pontos
Volek, Aleš ; Drápela, Miloslav (referee) ; Koutný, Daniel (advisor)
The graduation thesis deals with invention of detailed definition of the coordinate system for Pontos system. The solution is based on suitable localization method of the point on a car body, whose coordinates are known from CAD data. First part of the thesis describes the design of adapter which determines the reference point. Software solution is presented in second part. Contribution of the work and accuracy of the method are discussed in the end.
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