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Montenegro in the fifties of the 19th century: the transition from theocracy to a secular form of government, the final phase of the constitution of Montenegro, taken De facto
Mandalinič, Josip ; Pelikán, Jan (referee) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee)
After the death of vladyka and bishop Petr II. Njegoš, the transition from theocracy to the secular formo f Regin at the first half of the 19th century marked many changes for country which is situated in the area of the southwest Balkan. The very rise of the princedom under the Russian protection did not yet mean the stability and safety. The zouny princeDanilo Petrović Njegoš wěas very well Avare ofthe importace of expansion of his territory, mainly due to the struggle for existence. The centre of his effort became the area southwards of Portorice, especially the area Žabljak Crnojeviće. Since the end of the Modele Agens, this area belonged to Ottomen and it was an important symbol of local political power. Having attthis fortress. The prince cause a politoval battle on the international level. Resulting invasion of the Ottomen army to Montenegro was interrupted only by the aktivity of Vinna - it sent in special mission of Leiningen to Constantinople. The similar mission from Russian part which was called Menshikov mission, was not successful but contradictory - it brought in an international conflict, i. e. Crimean war. Dutiny this war, the prince solemnized marriage with Darinka Kvekić, Serbian from Terst. In the zdar 1855 the prince issued a law book by which he defined the recent koncept of...
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Prevention of HIV/AIDS at basic schools in Pilsner region
ŠPELINOVÁ, Táňa
The widespread epidemic HIV/AIDS still remains a confirmed and terminal disease without any currable vaccine and therapy. The only means of protection to resist an infection and HIV spread is a patient´s education, motivation and proper prevention, whose essential tool for everybody is getting information. Especially young people are threatened by the attack of that infection, so mainly basic school should participate in the HIV/AIDS prevention. The first aim of my thesis is to find out, whether and what preventive activities are accomplished at basis schools in Pilsner Region. The research work has a qualitative character. The applied method was a questionaire which was sent and applied to 31 organizations associated in Forum of non-governmental organizations at National Comisssion for HIV/AIDS problem solving in 2006. Another applied method was the derived analysis of data and documents. The second aim of my thesis was to find out basic pupil´s knowledge about HIV/AIDS infection. A qualitative research was chosen to achieve objective results. A questionaire was a research method. 319 pupils from 8th and 9th classes created a selective group. HIV/AIDS problems are always included in some school subjects at all the basic schools. Tution of the appropriate topic is provide only by school teachers and outweighs the use of supporting preventive programmes. Increased demands on school teachers education about HIV/AIDS result from that fact. Basis school pupils have basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS infection. Most pupils acquired information about HIV/AIDS at basic schools. Pupils consider a condom to be a hundrer-per-cent protection to resist veneral diseases. Despite the knowledge of this danger pupils don´t feel threatened by HIV/AIDS infection. Results of my thesis proved that as for information handover, the prevention accomplished at basic schools is efficient. Pupils´ have information about HIV/AIDS. If they act up to them even in possible risky situations that is another question. Since it is a serious problem, it seems to be necessary to keep acting this prevention whose part should be not only the information handover, but also the action at pupil´s behaviour and their responsibility.
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Applied Research in Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals AS CR.
Hanika, Jiří
Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals AS CR is oriented to research in the fields of chemical, biochemical, catalytic and enviromental engineering. Its educational role is focussed mainly to postgraduate training of students comming from several Czech universities. Postgraduate studium programs cover physical, organic and applied chemistry, chemical engineering, biotechnology and enviroment protection technology. Science and research teams of the Institute play also an important role in applied research problem solution.
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Public service as a tool of activation of persons drawing social benefits in material use for long time
Zaschkeová, Soňa ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Kotíková, Jaromíra (referee)
Long-term unemployment brings negative consequences for the state and individuals. Besides the financial impacts on the state (lower incomes, expenditures for social transfers), for the long-term unemployed people from the social and psychological perspective this is a reduction in living standards, loss of social status, skills and abilities decline, decrease of social contacts, etc. Unemployed persons have not got income from their own economic aktivity, and that is why they are provided with social benefits in material need in the frame of the system of social protection.Their long-term receiving, however, often leads to the trap of poverty and welfare dependency. Employment agencies strive for return of these people back to the labour market through thein instruments of active employment policy. This thesis is focused on public service, which was introduced to the system of poverty relief in 2009 as the motivation and penalty measures to increase the activity of long-term unemployed. The theoretical starting points of this study are findings on poverty, social exclusion, living wage. The empirical section is dedicated to the analysis of public service as an instrument of the social policy, in particular it is then focused on its activation component. The research design of the work is a case...
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Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg and the estates of Cleves-Mark in the years 1640-1654. Estates as actors of international politics and the ruler's "minimal programme"
Kozmanová, Irena ; Kovář, Martin (referee) ; Stellner, František (advisor)
The study deals with the relations between Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg, and the Estates of the western countries within his composite state, Cleves-Mark, during the 1640 and the first half of the 1650. Using the analysis of the means which they used for their mutual interaction, it tries to follow the general strategies of both parts as well as their political concepts. The attention is focused on one of the main controversial points between the ruler and the Estates - the foreign policy of the Estates, which was turned mainly towards Netherlands, towards the Estates of Jülich-Berg and towards the central institutions of the Holy Roman Empire. While the Estates considered their foreign policy activities to be completely legitimate means of protection of their own rights, the elector saw them as a threat to his sovereignty, and therefore he operated forcefully against them. Part of the so called "minimal programme" of the ruler, which was a collection of requirements he considered necessary to enforce his own sovereignty, were attempts to secure his own monopoly on the execution of foreign policy. Within the relations between the ruler and the Estates during the pursued period dominated consensual strategy, based in negotiations and agreements.
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Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg and the estates of Cleves-Mark in the years 1640-1654. Estates as actors of international politics and the ruler's "minimal programme"
Kozmanová, Irena ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
The study deals with the relations between Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg, and the Estates of the western countries within his composite state, Cleves-Mark, during the 1640 and the first half of the 1650. Using the analysis of the means which they used for their mutual interaction, it tries to follow the general strategies of both parts as well as their political concepts. The attention is focused on one of the main controversial points between the ruler and the Estates - the foreign policy of the Estates, which was turned mainly towards Netherlands, towards the Estates of Jülich-Berg and towards the central institutions of the Holy Roman Empire. While the Estates considered their foreign policy activities to be completely legitimate means of protection of their own rights, the elector saw them as a threat to his sovereignty, and therefore he operated forcefully against them. Part of the so called "minimal programme" of the ruler, which was a collection of requirements he considered necessary to enforce his own sovereignty, were attempts to secure his own monopoly on the execution of foreign policy. Within the relations between the ruler and the Estates during the pursued period dominated consensual strategy, based in negotiations and agreements.
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The role of international non-governmental organizations in the protection of human rights
Andrlová, Kristýna ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Honusková, Věra (advisor)
The role of international non-governmental organisations in protection of human rights Summary The aim of this master thesis is to provide a systematic insight into the legal status and the role of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in protection and promotion of human rights in international law. By means of that, the thesis seeks to answer the question whether the current legal status of INGOs is favourable both for the INGOs themselves and their counterparts at the international level, mainly the states and international governmental organisations. Divided into three parts, the thesis is focused first on the legal definition of INGOs and their legal status in international relations, together with a depiction of their main functions. The illustration of the legal status of INGOs is oriented mainly on the legal regulation within the United Nations and the Council of Europe, two international bodies with the most developped cooperation strategy with INGOs. The theoretic part serves to demonstrate the contrast between a weak formal position and rather informal role of INGOs in international law, which is yet getting more and more important, mainly in the area of protection and promotion of internationally recognised human rights. The second part is a case study of the tendencies mentioned...
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Objectivization of a postural mechanism in patients with a spinal cord injury
Mirská, Eliška ; Vacek, Jan (advisor) ; Mende, Karel (referee)
It is important to maintain a posture via equilibrial and protective reactions in all activities of daily living. There is normal neurological finding in upper extremities in patients with a spinal cord injuries in the area from Th1 to Th7, muscles of the thorax are paralysed under the level of the lesion and when there is a complete2 damage of the upper pectoral spinal cord, abdominal muscles are always paralysed. There is an important part in a therapy of patients with a spinal cord lesion, which consists of an activation of the postural system by means of sensomotory stimulation exercise according to Janda called sitting on a cylinder. The aim of this study is to objectively evaluate the impact of the exercise on a cylinder on postural system of patients with lesion of postural muscles. Surface electromyography was chosen as the most suitable objective method . Special set of testing movements on a deckchair or on a cylinder was created. Selected patients were tested by exercises on a deckchair or on a cylinder before a stay in the centre. After a ten-day stay the patients are tested by the same set of exercises and evaluation of their muscular activities is performed. Results of our measurement lead to a conclusion, that sensomotory stimulation is valuable part of kinesiotherapy in patients with SCI in...
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Translating as a component of Pavla Moudrá's writing
Dolečková, Leona ; Heczková, Libuše (referee) ; Kalivodová, Eva (advisor)
This thesis concentrates on three areas in which Pavla Moudrá attained her cultural objectives, namely in the context of public activity, journalism and translation. Although the scope of the thematic areas to which Moudrá devoted herself during her life was relatively wide, it is possible to identify a number of areas which may be considered as being of fundamental importance for her, and which are also reflected most clearly in her writings and translations - spiritualism, the social position of women, the peace movement, the protection of nature and animals and the education of children and young people. In these Moudrá was engaged first and foremost as a conscious propagator of spiritual values, in particular on the basis of the ideas of the theosophical movement, which especially at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century became a domain for women and their public activities.
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