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Performance of birds in model cognitive tasks: a cross-taxon comparison
Schlőglová, Nikola ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Kahounová, Hana (referee)
Bird cognition is an immensely complex topic. Many factors influence how birds acquire, process and act upon obtained information. Some bird groups outshine others regarding their cognitive skills, and the underlying reasons for these differences are extensively researched and discussed. Birds naturally face varying environmental factors that could have driven the evolution of specialised cognitive adaptations not generalisable across all contexts. In contrast, some birds perform well in a broad range of cognitive tasks and may possess general intelligence. Model cognitive tasks help us gain standardised data on birds' cognitive performances to compare them across different taxa, which enables us to identify potential parallels. This thesis covers selected model cognitive tasks: string-pulling tasks, reasoning by exclusion tasks, transitive inference tasks, tasks related to mirror use and reversal learning tasks, for which it analyses and compares the performance of both well-studied and understudied bird taxa. The thesis describes the selected cognitive tasks, summarises available data and highlights correlations between birds' performances and other factors while discussing possible explanations for their varying performances. Finally, the thesis addresses the question of general intelligence...
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Communication methods of teachers at lower secondary school in relation to dialogic teaching
Votický, Petr ; Duschinská, Karolina (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
The diploma thesis analyzes the level of some communication methods of teachers at the second level of elementary school, which should lead to improved and more balanced mutual communication. The essence and goal of the work is to examine the presence of dialogic teaching of selected teachers. The work will offer an interesting comparison of theories with real findings. In the theoretical part, I describe and reflect on the use of communication forms using elements of dialogic teaching. I introduce and explain the elements that, according to the expert, lead to stimulation, engagement of students' thinking, which influence their learning and understanding. Dialogic teaching differs from the classic IRF structure in the teacher-student approach using question work and feedback in the learning process. I am looking for some answers to the questions of what communication factors influence student learning through teacher communication. I describe theoretical principles, selected examples, methods and their subsequent results when used in practice or research. At the same time, I present the advantages and reasons for use. In the practical part, through qualitative research, I analyze audio recordings from classes and interviews with teachers and students. I distinguished between open and closed...
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Psychology of adult learning - The role of emotions in adult learning
Janatová, Katarína ; Veteška, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Liška, Roman (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the psychology of learning. It focuses on determining the influence of the type and intensity of emotions on learning and on coping with test loads. It focuses on connections between motivation to learn and retention in studies among adult students. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part, individual phenomena related to learning, testing and experiencing emotions by university students in the combined form of study are described. This section also describes the non-traditional student with the specifics that distinguish him from the traditional student. The barriers and pitfalls that the individual must face on during learning and the obstacles that he overcomes are also defined here. In the introduction of this section, research questions are asked and hypotheses that the work deals with are established. Mixed research and its implementation are described in the empirical part. Qualitative research was conducted on the basis of in-depth unstructured interviews. Using the standardized Achievement Questionnaire Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) - Reinhard Perun, Thomas Goetz data was collected as part of quantitative research. Only the part of the questionnaire that refers to experiencing emotions just before, during and after testing was...
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Zájem žáků o výuku odborného výcviku na vybrané střední odborné škole
Hlavatá, Ivona
The theme of this Bachelors thesis is “Interest of student in taking technical courses at chosen high school”. The main objective of the theoretical part of this thesis is definition of keywords: interests and needs, motivation, learning, teaching of technical courses and methods of teaching. Next objective is the explanation of the connection between interests and need for teaching of technical courses. The materials used as sources for this Bachelors thesis are scientific publications, magazines and internet sources. The practical part of this thesis is primarily concerned in the interest of students in taking technical courses. The last objective of this Bachelors thesis is finding out, if and by what means are students motivated to take technical courses. Part of the practical section of this thesis will be implemented by a survey in at chosen high school.
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Playing soldiers: An Ethnographical study of virtual military units
Kos, Andrej ; Hrabec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doubek, David (referee)
The text aims to explore the environment and culture of virtual military units in the Arma 3 video game using an ethnographical approach. It analyses their structure and agency in terms of the theoretical views of concepts such as Communities of practice and the Protheus effect. It also considers the theories of role-playing and psychodrama. Immersion and player identity are also discussed on a theoretical level. Participant observation and focused interviews were chosen as data collection methods. The data was captured in the form of video recordings and further analysed. The text continues to focus on the analysis of the data sections presented and the emergence of three crucial aspects: the acquisition of technical skills by the players, their gradual enculturation into the gaming community, and, finally, the specific mode of experience these virtual activities offer, and emotional aspect of said experience. It is argued in the text that the specific technical knowledge that players acquire, combined with the connection to a specific context created and maintained by the group itself, allows the establishment of a specific relationship between the player and his virtual character that enables a particular form of authentic experiencing of the game content. These findings continue to be...
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Schopnost reverzního učení u rypošů lysých
STROLENÁ, Pavla
This thesis is focused on the ability of learning in naked mole-rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of associative and reversal learning in these rodents in a simple Y-maze. The animals discriminated between two different odors, one of them was associated with reward. The second aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, body weight and family affiliation of the tested individuals on learning performance. The associative and reversal learning was successfully accomplished, the influence of sex, body weight and family affiliation was established in some cases.
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Employee education in a company
ŠOFFOVÁ, Nicole
The thesis will focus on history and description of human resources, employee education and system of employee education. Furthermore the thesis will analyze different forms and methods of learning that are used for employee education. The thesis aims to describe employee education in a company. Based on the analysis of the current educational system in the company, changes that could help the company improve its education system will be proposed.
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The Effect of Arousal on the Learning Process
TORÁČOVÁ, Kamila
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of the influence of low-arousal (low-activation) and high-arousal (high-activation) music on the learning process. The theoretical part deals with the process of learning, attention, the mechanism of memory and the conceptualization of arousal as an emotional component and a general component of activation in the field of music. The practical part will be performed in the form of an experiment, in which the learning process will be influenced by the presentation of standardized music recordings evaluated on the basis of arousal. Memorabilia tasks are chosen as experimental tasks, and data analysis will address differences in memorization rates based on the presence of variation of musical activity. The experiment consists of two parts, in the first part the probands try to memorize number series and in the second part a group of words.
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Learning styles of future Biology teachers and scientists
MALEČKOVÁ, Michaela
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of learning styles. The literature review describes the teaching and its conceptions, it works with the term of the teaching methods. The literature review characterizes teaching methods mostly used in biology education. Furthermore, the literature review explains the learning process, the approaches to learning, strategies, and tactics of learning. In the next part, the literature review deals with the learning styles and their classification according to the well-known authors. The last section of the literature review describes the diagnostics of the learning styles and methods that are used for detecting the learning styles. The results summarize the findings of a research study focused on the learning styles of university students. The research dataset consists of 187 cases that reflect the differences in the preferences of learning styles of future scientists and biology teachers and the relationship between a particular learning style and the favourite teaching method that students encountered at primary or secondary school. Furthermore, there were founded out the differences in the preferences of teaching methods and identified the reasons that had led the respondents to study science (biological) disciplines.
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