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Rainfall runoff process in time of climate change
Benáčková, Kateřina ; Janál,, Petr (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The aim of The Diploma Thesis was to compile a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, that would be eligible to model discharge in conditions of climate changes. After thorough verifications of possible variants, user program Runoff Prophet that is eligible to simulate discharge in closing profile of any river basin was compiled within this paper. Runoff Prophet is deterministic lumped model with monthly computation time step and from the hydrologic phenomena it takes soil moisture, evapotranspiration, groundwater flow and the watercourse flow into account. Its calibration is based on the differential evolution principle with Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient as the calibration criterion. Developed software was tested on Vír I. catchment basin and the results of this probe were evaluated from viewpoints of air temperature, precipitation and discharge characteristics in the Dalečín measurement river cross section in distant future according to A1B SRES climate scenario, implemented in LARS-WG weather generator.
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Adaptation of the urban environment on climate changeclimate change
Kührová, Kateřina ; Němcová, Miroslava Pumprlová (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis deals with adaptations of the urban environment to climate change, with special focus on adaptation strategies using greenery as the element of positive influence on the urban environment. The thesis is divided into two sections. In the first section the problematic of climate change and its effects and consequences for the urban environment is introduced, using both domestic and foreign sources. Scientific findings and adaptation options are listed with some examples of applied adaptation measures. The psychological effect on the city population is also considered as also a sociological research was conducted. The second part deals with analysis of the impact of two adaptation measures, both realized in the city of Brno – the existing green roof in Otevřená zahrada at Obilní trh and the City Cell Prototype – the temporary installation realised on Malinovského náměstí. The temperature and humidity data collected in the reference period (August – October/September – October 2018) are analysed together with the data recorded by meteorological station of the Institute of Landscape Water Management at the Brno University of Technology – Faculty of Civil Engineering.
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Nature-friendly measures in the urban city of Brno
Svobodová, Lenka ; Zedník, Ondřej (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis is focused on climate change impact in cities. In its first general section various nature-based adaptation solutions for urban areas are presented. Functional instances of finished implementations from city of Brno are named. The second, practical, section a particular proposal of nature-based solution for Brno by partial revitalization of Svratka river and its surrounding area is shown. The feasibility is supported by 1D and 2D numerical models. Crucial output of the work are technical drawings and flood simulation maps.
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Creating of Dispatcher Graph for a Selected Dam Reservoir Considering Climate Change
Hakl, Petr ; Sobek, Martin (referee) ; Menšík, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of a thesis is construct a several dispatcher graphs for a selected Vír I. water dam, from real flow series, then extended by synthetic flow series generated by regional climatic models. Particular models will be discribed, so the construction of dispatcher graph. Graphs will be compared by appropriately selected parameters. In the end of the thesis will be comparision of requirements sets by manipulate order with predicted evolution of affluent to the dam and sustainability for todays claims relation on improved outflows in future with the same condition.
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Generating of Stochastic Rainfall Data Using by Specific Weather Generator
Benáčková, Kateřina ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The aim of this work is to study the topics of climate change, SRES emission scenarios, global GCM and regional RCM climate models, which are necessary basis for using the LARS WG software (Stochastic Weather Generator for Use in Climate Impact Studies). Based on given knowledge using LARS WG the testing time series of daily precipitation and temperatures data will be generated for three future time periods. The observed weather data from the Meteostation VUT was used. Generated data will be analysed and interpreted for its future uses.
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Development of surface water quality in selected rural areas of the Elbe River basin
Mrkva, Luboš ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Pechar, Libor (referee) ; Kodeš, Vít (referee)
Development of surface water quality in selected rural areas of the Elbe River basin Water quality is an enduring issue in water management and has global importance. This work deals with surface water quality in the Elbe River basin, focusing on river basins in agricultural and rural areas where surface water quality remains a significant ecological problem. As part of this work, two watersheds with a significant representation of agriculturally used areas were chosen: the Mastník River catchment, which flows into the Vltava River, and the Šlapanka River catchment, which flows into the Sázava River. In the case of the Mastník stream, the work deals with the basin itself and changes in water quality in the Mastník bay, which is part of the Slapy reservoir located on the Vltava River. Water quality was analysed using the concentration of selected parameters through long-term field research supplemented with data from the State Enterprise of the Vltava River basin. In this part, it was proved that constructing new wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) gradually improves the overall water quality. However, the parameter chlorophyll-α and the lack of dissolved oxygen remain problematic. The finding of high concentrations of chlorophyll in the stream is followed by an assessment of the changes in water quality in...
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Adaptation to climate change from the perspective of (Czech) law
Jech, Martin ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Fabšíková, Tereza (referee)
Adaptation to climate change from the perspective of (Czech) law Abstract Key words: climate change, adaptation, Czech law Climate change is a current topic that has an impact on many components of the environment and the whole society. Besides mitigation, adaptation is a key response to climate change. This diploma thesis deals with the issue of how (especially Czech) law approaches to adaptation to climate change. Particular legal instruments related to adaptation to climate change are discussed, especially conceptual, administrative and economic instruments, in the fields of protection of water resources, forest, agricultural land and nature and landscape. Selected non-law instruments related to adaptation to climate change are also mentioned. The thesis has several related research inquiries. The first question is what is actually a climate change and whether it is (or will be) its course unprecedented in the Holocene and the related question what climate is expected in the next decades. This is followed by other research questions, particularly how the political-legal approach to the question of climate change (especially adaptation) has evolved and what is the current legal level of adaptation to climate change, i.e. whether it is satisfactory or has some imperfections. And if it has some...
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The German Arctic Policy
Nguyenová, Thi Khanh Ly ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with Germany's Arctic policy in the last decade and focuses on its security dimension. The Arctic region has undergone many changes in recent years due to climate change and the new geopolitical situation, including a change in the security situation. Based on the concepts of civilian power and securitization, the thesis examines whether Germany approaches the Arctic as a multilateral actor or whether the Arctic has gained importance in German foreign and security policy and become a recognized security issue for Germany. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to a general introduction of the Arctic region, its definition and a presentation of the global security, environmental and economic aspects and challenges associated with it. The thesis then briefly outlines the history of German involvement in the Arctic, its activities and Germany's relevance to the region. The main research part of the thesis is divided into the bilateral and multilateral dimensions of German Arctic policy, thus reflecting the nature of German multilateralism. The results of the examination of German Arctic policy have shown that Germany is aware of the various aspects of Arctic security and its global dimension, however, the focus is on the climate and economic security issues of the region. Even...
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Interannual temperature variability in Europe
Švábek, David ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
This master thesis is focused on interannual variability of air temperature throughout Europe and its long-term trends. Alongside changes in average air temperature, it is the changes in variability that fundamentally affect meteorological extremes. Therefore, those are fundamental climate characteristics at which we do not know yet if they are changing and if so, in what direction. The changes seem to differ between individual regions, seasons and timescales. Changes behave differently when they are short-term (interday to interseasonal) and when they are long-term (interannual). These interannual changes are the main topic of this master thesis. In the review part of the thesis, the scientific literature is summarized, supplemented by changes in interannual variability both globally and regionally for the territory of Europe, namely for individual seasons. The objective of the practical part of the paper is the analysis of long-term interannual temperature variability in the period from 1 March 1961 to 28 February 2018, for each season separately. The objective of this work is not only to quantify the trends of interannual temperature variability but also to compare them among five different climate databases, as most scientific studies that analyse long-term changes in variability have been...
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Corporate responsibility and human rights: A way forward for climate litigation?
Chytil, David ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Subject of this diploma thesis is the accountability of largest private green-house gas emitters, mainly fossil fuel corporations (so called "carbon majors") and in particular their relationship with human rights law. Strategic climate litigation is on a rise and private emitters are increasingly targeted by the litigants. While human rights are widely used in climate change litigation against governments and state authorities, their role in existing and potential climate lawsuits targeted at private parties remains uncertain. The goal of the thesis is to enlighten this topic analysing potential grounds for corporate climate liability and recent case-law. Firstly, impact of corporations on climate system (their "share" of GHG emissions) is presented in contrast to their peripheral role in the international climate governance and law. Climate change as a human rights issue is briefly examined in the second part focusing on human rights abuses of fossil fuel corporations, including "case studies" of human rights impacts of corporations Shell, Total and Texaco/Chevron in countries of the Global South. Third part deals with various sources of potential climate change liability of corporations and role human rights law might play. Concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility and Business and Human Rights...
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