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The seasonality effect on alcohol consumption
Holmanová, Magdalena ; Urbanová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kuchař, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on studying the effect of seasonality on alcohol use. In the theoretical part, the concept of alcohol use is first defined, including its characteristics, specifics, and long-term effects on the human organism. The risks associated with alcohol use are also described. The second chapter is dedicated to seasonality, the history and importance of its research in the context of alcohol use. Attention is also given to the methodology specific to studying seasonality. Finally, the seasonal patterns to which alcohol consumption is subject are presented. In the empirical part, a research proposal is introduced, aiming to determine whether the seasonal pattern of alcohol consumption is also present in the Czech population. The research focuses on the variability of the frequency and quantity of this use, as well as the variability of the frequency of binge drinking throughout the year. Key words: Seasonality, alcohol, alcohol use, Czech Republic
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Measurement of premorbid intelligence level using the Cognitive Reserve Inventory (CRIq) and its comparison with the Czech Reading Test (NART/CART) and fluid intelligence level
Laštůvková, Viktorie ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Goláňová, Ivana (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the estimation of premorbid intelligence as a method used in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Its aim was to test whether the CRIq inventory would hold up in estimating premorbid intelligence compared to a traditional method based on reading irregular words. The theoretical part of the paper includes a detailed definition of the concepts of intelligence, premorbid intelligence and cognitive reserve, discusses the relationships between them, describes the historical development of the measurement of these constructs and presents current knowledge about them. The empirical part presents the results of the analysis of data obtained by administering the CRIq inventory, the word reading test, and the intelligence test to healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 60. In the research part, the resulting IQ scores obtained by each method were compared, and regression and correlation analyses were performed. Based on the results of the statistical analysis of the data, it was concluded that the CRIq inventory would hold up as a method of measuring premorbid intelligence. This paper should provide an overview of both traditional and modern methods currently used in the field of estimating premorbid intelligence, highlight the importance of developing...
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Antiproliferative effects of novel resveratrol analogs on cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HL-60
Moravová, Kristína ; Jirkovská, Anna (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Kristína Moravová Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Jirkovská, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Veronika Keresteš Title of diploma thesis: Antiproliferative effects of novel resveratrol analogs on cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HL-60 Cancer diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. The use of chemotherapeutic agents is considered a fundemental type of treatment for these diseases, with anthracyclines being used the most. Anthracyclines (including for example doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin) are classified as topoisomerase II inhibitors. Despite their efficacy, anthracyclines are associated with a relatively large number of adverse effects. Among these, cardiotoxicity is particularly serious, albeit manageable with an appropriate cardioprotective drug. Currently, the only registered cardioprotective agent is dexrazoxane. Relatively recently, it has been reported that the mechanism underlaying cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane involves the inhibition of topoisomerase II. This study is part of a broader research aimed at identifying potential cardioprotective topoisomerase II inhibitor compounds. Specifically, the focus of this investigation was to assess the antiproliferative potential of...
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The structure of minor alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae family as inspiration for the synthesis of compounds with biological activity targeting Alzheimer's disease
Pidaný, Filip ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Drašar, Pavel (referee) ; Strnad, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Mgr. Filip Pidaný Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Consultant: Assoc. Prof. Jan Korábečný, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The structure of minor alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae family as inspiration for the synthesis of compounds with biological activity targeting Alzheimer's disease The theoretical part of this dissertation provides a basic overview of the Amaryllidaceae family known for its rich occurrence of structurally diverse alkaloids. These substances exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects, with our studies focusing on their potential therapeutic use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is the most common form of dementia, which is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. As the life expectancy of the population increases, the global prevalence of AD is also rising. This trend presents not only economic but also social challenges for healthcare systems, and society as a whole. The thesis provides detailed descriptions of the most well-known hypotheses of AD development and the characteristics of clinically used medications. Attention is given to the decline in levels of acetylcholinesterase, the dominant enzyme in a healthy...
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The Use of Mediation in Teaching Culture in Czech as a Second Language
Popperová, Nikola ; Převrátilová, Silvie (advisor) ; Boccou Kestřánková, Marie (referee)
This master's thesis The Use of Mediation in Teaching Culture in Czech as a Second Language concerns mediation as another method in language teaching, which can propagate information about Czech culture, or culture in general. The theoretical part addresses four different types of mediation and then describes individual mediation activities and strategies. Next, it offers basic literature from both Czech and international sources, dealing with the topic of mediation in teaching. Finally, it suggests Czech equivalents of English terminology regarding mediation. The second theoretical part concerns Czech culture, its definition, and also a foreign view of teaching cultural information. It also briefly describes different types of Czech culture and pre- existing materials for teaching culture in lessons on Czech as a second language. The practical part offers drafts of several mediation activities conveying culture, which were tested in the classes of level A2. All activities are described in terms of their progress, classified according to specific mediation descriptors, and links with the topic of culture are made clear. Activities are also evaluated by students and the teacher in connection with their possible modifications.
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Elements of horror in the short stories of Mariana Enríquez
Komarová, Sofija ; Poláková, Dora (advisor) ; Zaťko, Roman (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to investigate how Mariana Enríquez, a famous contemporary Argentine writer of fantastic literature, presents and develops the elements of horror. Her work depicts everyday reality, in which a social aspect is often evident, and uses it as a means to create a mysterious atmosphere. The first part of the thesis focuses on the author's life and work, the definition of fantastic literature, the introduction of the so-called neofantastic literature, in which Mariana Enríquez is often included, and finally the short story. The second part focuses on the analysis of common elements of horror in selected short stories from Las cosas que perdimos en el fuego (The things we lost in the fire). Key words: Mariana Enríquez, Argentina, fantastic literature, horror, mystery, short story
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Approaches of primary school teachers towards the development of pupils socio-emotional skills
Drahokoupilová, Anna ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Skorková, Gabriela (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the approaches of primary school teachers towards the development of pupils' socio-emotional skills. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the concept of socio-emotional skills is explained, which is thereafter elaborated in the terms of key components, meaning and methods that enable their development. The text then deals with methods of including the development of social- emotional skills in the school environment. Empirical research is provided qualitatively in the form of semi-structured interviews with primary school teachers. The goal is to find out how teachers develop pupils' socio- emotional skills during their teaching activities. Furthermore, to investigate how teachers understand socio-emotional skills, what methods they use to develop them and whether they are supported by the school to amplify these skills in pupils.
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Who is homo sacer?
Staněk, Filip ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
In the work of Giorgio Agamben, the enigmatic figure of homo sacer appears. The life of this "sacred man" can be killed with impunity, but not sacrificed. Using the method of philosophical archaeology, Agamben dusts off the origin of some philosophical, political and religious concepts in order to shed light on the hidden mechanisms and structures of the Western political system. We live in a permanent state of exception, in which the space of bare life is increasingly identified with the political space. In this zone of indistinction, the fundamental categories on which modern politics was based lose their meaning. At the same time it covers the aporia of modern democracy: although it has devoted all its efforts to the liberation and happiness of human life, it is unable to protect this life from destruction. The thesis declares the task of analyzing the role of the "sacred man" in the dynamics of modern politics and at the same time trying to outline possible exit strategies from this prison of the biopolitical machine. Key words: state of exception, sovereignty, biopolitics, camp, sacredness, form-of-life, potentiality
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Psychohygienic habits of Czech police forces members
Mećavová, Laura ; Faberová, Karolína (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
This thesis examines the mental hygiene of police officers in precinct departments and how the profession affects their personal lives. Additionally, how the stigma of seeking psychological help is contributed to in this environment. The first chapter of theoretical part is devoted to the introduction of the relevant structures of the police forces and their functioning. Next, the topic of mental health among police forces is being presented with a focus on risk factors and occupational stress. The third chapter contains a definition of mental hygiene and a summary of psychological services that are available for police officers. The empirical part presents research based on interviews with police officers from district departments (n=9). Thematic analysis was used to identify psychohygienic habits and the impact of the profession on personal life. Discourse analysis was used to identify mechanisms contributing to stigma. The results show that physical activity and social coping is a major component of mental hygiene, with problem-focused strategies being used during acute stress exposure. Mistrust of psychologists and the belief that seeking this type of service is only for extreme cases appeared to be the main reasons for not using psychological care that is being provided for police officers....
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An Annotated translation of chapter 4 entitled "Laurence Sterne" from the book "The English novel: an introduction" by Terry Eagleton. (Eagleton, T. (2013). The English novel: an introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 4. Wiley E-books.)
Schwarz, Šimon ; Brotánková, Šárka (advisor) ; Šťastná, Zuzana (referee)
The practical portion of this bachelor's thesis is a translation of the chapter "Laurence Sterne" form Terry Eagleton's book The English Novel: An Introduction from English to Czech. The theoretical part is concerned with analyzing the original text stylistically and with the categorization of the translation shifts that occurred in the translation. In terms of stylistic analysis, the text is an example of English essayistic style, relying on the authority of the author rather than scientific sources, utilizing humor, creative and expressive language and having a tendency to make authoritative statements. In terms of lexis, the text utilizes expressive language, but also, as the text is still scientific to a degree, it makes use of scientific terms, particularly from the area of literary theory. The syntactic structure of the text is largely simple. All the aforementioned aspects of the text needed to be present in the translation as well. At the same time, the translation has to work with the reality that Czech readers will likely be less aware of Laurence Sterne and his work. As such I had to localize certain aspects of the original text to make the translation more reader-friendly. Nevertheless, this tendency had to be minimized, due to the scientific and didactic nature of the text changing the...
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