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Smoking prevalence among high school and university students
Pokorná, Lenka ; Kotlářová, Jana (referee) ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor)
POKORNÁ, L. Prevalence of smoking among high school and university students. Hradec Králové 2010. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Biological and Medical Sciences. Thesis advisor: RNDr. H. Klusoňová. Ph. D. Keywords: smoking, nicotine, prevalence, addiction, treatment According to World Health Organization more than 5 million people die every year due to the consequences of smoking. It is estimated that the tobacco epidemic will have as many as 1 billion victims in the 21st century. The aim of the thesis is to chart the prevalence of smoking among high school and university students and to determine the level of addiction among smoking students and the age of their first smoking experience. The research examination was made by using a questionnaire. The results prove the fact that the prevalence of smoking among young people is growing. The risk age of the beginning of the addiction is at the age between 14 and 15. Despite the fact that most respondents are convinced that their chance to get rid of the nicotine addiction is big, only a few of them stopped smoking. The finding that the respondents that stopped smoking and then relapsed did not seek medical advice is alarming as well. Nicotine addiction has a demonstrably negative effects on human...
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The impact of speculators on the commodity markets
El-Moussawi, Chadi ; Musílek, Petr (advisor) ; Derner, Tomáš (referee)
In the recent years, there has been growing talk of investing in commodities in the financial markets. In the past, the commodity markets served for purposes of the producers and the end-users of commodities. With gradual innovation of the financial markets in the 19th and 20th century the modern commodity markets evolved and became more standardized. This process was accompanied by the increasing interest of financial speculators. In contrast with the commercial participants, the goal of these new investors in the commodity markets is not to hedge against adverse changes in commodity prices but to profit on the price movements of commodities. The inflow of this group was intensified by the development of new financial instruments enabling these investors to enter the commodity markets. It is undisputable that speculators have positive effect on the markets, by providing liquidity and lowering transaction costs. What remains to be answered is the real effect which the speculators have on the commodity prices, and if their action does not create distortion in the commodity prices. The price development on the commodity markets during the recent financial crisis gives strong arguments in the hands of those accusing the speculators of the negative impact on the commodity prices, which sometimes lead to creation of price bubbles. The goal of this thesis will be the analysis of the effect of speculators on the commodity markets, and if this prejudice is justified.
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Tangible fixed assets in the accounting perspective with the focus on tax view
Krejčík, Martin ; Janhubová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Molín, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the tangible fixed assets of the accounting and tax perspective. The analysis of the first part of this thesis proceeds in basic theoretical and legislative framework, both in Czech and international perspective. There is also analyzed the cycle of tangible fixed assets, which is dealt with in detail their acquisition, use and disposal. In the practical part there are selected facts, which took place at the company engaged in property lease and tangible assets directly related. These facts are then commented on accounting and tax perspective.
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Comparison of seasonal changes of ecophysiological characteristic of two selected trees under stress of the urban environment
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with the study of impact of stress to the two types of broadleaved trees in urban environment during the growing season. The studied species were Small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata) and London Planetree (Platanus acerifolia). Trees are the important part of the urban environment both from an aesthetic standpoint and from the standpoint of the reduction of negative effects of the urban environment. However, these trees are under the constant influence of stress factors with which they have to deal (air pollution, water, temperature). Some trees deal with stress better but some worse. Because of this fact, two different types of trees were selected, which are able to deal with stress by their own way. As indicators of physiological state of plants under stress, the content of photosynthetic pigments and photochemical efficiency of PS II (QY and QY') were monitored at individual trees. The measurements were carried out always two days consecutively from May to September 2013 in Jiráskovo nábřeží in České Budějovice. Every month, the spectrophotometric measurement to determine the pigments in a leaf was carried out. For the spectrophotometric measurements, twenty-four leaves were measured in total; for the fluorescent measurement, thirty leaves were measured in total. The obtained values of both methods were processed and evaluated by graphs, which together with the average values show the statistic demonstrability of difference between the measured trees in city. According to these measured values, Small-leaved Lime seemed to be more vital at a given location, although London Planetree is marked in the literature as more resistant one towards the urban stress.
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Výskyt kvasinek v silážích a jejich význam
Vaculíková, Barbora
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of yeast in silage and verify the fact that the additives will ensure inhibition of undesirable microorganisms. The literature review focused on the metabolism of yeast, their importance in silages limitations and possibilities. Model experiments were performed with peas with barley silage and with corn silage. The influence of additives on the final quality of the silage and their influence on the content of microorganisms, together with the quality of the fermentation process, was assessed. According to the provided measurements it can be argued that the use of additives was only partly due to the limitations of yeast and aerobic stability. Chemical preservatives based on organic acids favorably slowed the onset of secondary fermentation in peas with barley silage, even though there was no suppression of the number of yeast on this option. The negative correlation of yeast dry matter content was confirmed for the corn silage (r= 0.6219). In the silage with a chemical preservative (2,402 +- 0,775 log CFU/g) positive effect (P<0,05) on the limitation of yeast compared was detected to the control silage. Based on measurements of pH the degree of contamination of yeast cannot be evaluated. It was confirmed that even the best additive cannot guarantee quality and stable silage, if the principles of silage are not adhered to.
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School Children's Emotion in Physical Education
Pecková, Jarmila ; Jansa, Petr (advisor) ; Kocourek, Jan (referee)
Title: School Children's Emotions During the Physical Education Aims: To determine and to compare the emotional reactions of school children in the hour of physical education based on a questionnaire Demore. Focus on girls and boys aged 10 to 15 years, or more pupils sixth and ninth standard and sport classes. Statistically processed and compared results between gender and orientation and evaluate the survey data in tables and graphs. Method: Analysis of survey responses received to the questionnaire Demore. The survey was conducted questionnaire DeMore at five primary schools in Prague. Selection of schools was randomly stratified. Were given a total of 460 questionnaires. Results: The findings of the fact that between sports and standard classes are different emotional reactions mainly positive factors. Pupils sports classes have more positive attitude to hours of physical education. Generally prevail in the hour of physical education positive feelings mostly in boys, negative feelings are similar to, or slightly different in girls. Keywords: Emotion, emotion, emotional, emotions in sports, emotional, emotive, human instincts, neurophysiological nature of emotions, psychological essence of emotion, expression of emotion, the meaning of common emotions, emotionally motivational processes in sport.
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The Economic Crisis in Specific EU Countries: Spain and Ireland
Příhoda, Pavel ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
The thesis analyses and compares the economies of Spain and Ireland in the run up to and during the current economic and financial crisis. Firstly, the focus is on the pre-crisis period since the mid 90's, the causes and extent of the price bubble on the property markets, the caracter of lending boom and the indebtedness of the private sector. The end of the lending boom and conjuncture on the real estate markets in 2006-2007 had strong impact on real economy and the financial sector. Both countries currently pass through a three-level crisis: economic, banking and debt crisis. The aim of the thesis is to examine their causes, evolution and causal links. The paper also illustrates future perspectives of both countries in context of the membership in EMU and possible solutions to their current situation.
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Marketing strategy of the company
Hrebenyk, Yanina ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is focused on the main characteristics of company marketing strategy. The first part describes theoretical facts about marketing, its concept, strategy and planning, as well as the strategic marketing processes. For design and realisation of marketing strategy the most important marketing analysis are described here in detail: marketing mix, marketing communication, marketing environment and SWOT analysis.
The second part of this thesis presents a travel agency MOVAMI s.r.o., its activities and overall state from the perspective of marketing conception. This part also investigates each analysis individually for better understanding of the present position of agency on the tourism market. The third part presents the summary of the results of all conducted analysis and design of the new improved marketing strategy for the travel agency MOVAMI s.r.o.
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Plan of market entry of internet store from marketing point of view
Mádle, Jakub ; Zamazalová, Marcela (advisor) ; Ryšavá, Monika (referee)
This thesis is dealing with plan of market entry of internet store. Goals of this thesis are to analyse trends on the Czech literature market in connection with situation on abroad markets, draw up marketing mix of internet store and draw up first communication campaign. Professional publications, periodicals, researches and experiences of business owner were used to write this thesis. Output of this thesis is finding that nowadays people read less than in the past. Despite this negative fact author was able to draw up comprehensive marketing mix and communication campaign which increased a number of visitors of web pages as well as increased number of customers.
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Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention: Case Study Kosovo
Kodrazi, Suzan ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Veselý, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pelikán, Jan (referee) ; Vávra, Přemysl (referee)
The main ambition of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to the development of interdisciplinary application of the concept of moral hazard developedin economic and insurance theory to the context of the inter-state conflicts with potential international intervention. The basic theoretical framework used in the thesis is derived from the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention by Alan Kuperman who claims that the newly established norm of humanitarian intervention may well have unintended negative consequences. Kuperman argues that if the mere existence of insurance creates sufficient incentive for the insured to modify their behavior to the extent that they engage in the riskier behavior due to the fact that they are insured against the consequences of their actions, the rebels may well optimize their behavior in the same way. Currently, the transfer of the moral hazard theory to the context of interventions is hindered by a number of existing obstacles stemming from the differences in these areas. This thesis concentrates on reduction of three main identified drawbacks and addresses them by formulating three main research questions and derived hypothesis. The aim of this approach is to examine the limits of application and create the space for development of the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention in the future research. (1) What is the interpretation potential, value added and limits of application of economic theory of moral hazard to the context of humanitarian intervention from the theoretical perspective? Hypothesis 1:The concept of moral hazard represents an efficienttool for evaluation of humanitarian intervention. (2) What is the potential of causal mechanism established by the Kuperman´s hypothesis to explain the reasons why in certain cases the state decides to escalate the inter-state conflict despite the public threats of intervention at a general level of research? Hypothesis 2: The threat of intervention causes the escalation of the inter-state conflict. (3) To what extent does Kuperman´s hypothesis modified to the conflict in Kosovo correspond with the actual state of affairs and their development? Hypothesis 3: The threat of intervention NATO/USA caused the escalation of conflict in Kosovo.
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