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Once upon a time, there was a stranger on the road
Vondráčková, Kristýna ; Listíková, Renáta (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
v anglickém jazyce: This thesis mainly analyzes the five-part novel Gargantua and Pantagruel written by the French author Francois Rabelais. Emphasis is based particularly on an inclusion of Rabelais's work in historical and literary context of the period of transformation between medieval and Renaissance society. More specifically, it deals with the author's humanist opinion and his critique of contemporary society, which is the main line of the work itself. The aim of our thesis is especially an attempt to outline the various possible meanings of the terms « road or path » and « stranger » in Rabelais's work and explain the role of these thematic concepts in the author's concept of criticism of society.
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The relation between man and community in Plato's Republic
Felix, Filip ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The main aim of this work is to grasp the relation between man and city in Plato's Republic. In order to fulfill it, it will be necessary to investigate the problem of unity of soul and city. To what extent can we understand this unity? The question can also be placed as follows: Can a man truly be himself and if so, what this identity is based on? Is the perfect city internally united? What part does a man play in it? To answer these questions, it is necessary to explore parts of the soul, the concept of virtues, the relationship of body and soul and to characterize city and its parts. I will emphasize the role of philosopher because he represents harmony of virtues in the highest degree and the rule of reason over other parts of the soul. He also makes the perfect city possible. This is why philosopher as a perfect man is the explanation of the constitutive and reciprocal relation between man and city.
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Selected aspects of the development of liberalism
Novosadová, Hana ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis of this work is a treatise on liberalism in general firstly, what contains the etymology of the word liberalism. There are explained the beginnings of this orientation, dating back to ancient times and Middle Ages. The description of the beginnings of liberalism in England follows. The historical events of the time, which played an important role in the birth of liberalism, are accented. Liberalism is based on certain principles as well as any other social or political theory and in this work this principles are enriched especially by ideas of John Locke. Liberalism reached its height in England in the nineteenth century when it defended its leading position. Liberalism is not only social and political orientation but it plays an important role in economy also. It supports free trade without state's interventions and it promotes private enterprise. Although liberalism was often criticized by church representatives and particularly by Conservatives, liberal ideas are still current. Liberal Democrats are the third-largest party in the House of Commons in Great Britain. They have made a coalition government together with the Conservatives since 2010. Key words: Liberalism, individuality, freedom, reason, justice, tolerance
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Philosophy as Passionate Interest
Strobachová, Ingrid ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The purpose of my dissertation is to analyze and further elaborate upon its main topic: the questions that are of a mutual deep interest to both medicine and philosophy. The dissertation has three parts. In the first part, I will introduce some of the key terms that will be used throughout the text. The second part, central to my work, is concerned with three possibilities that are offered to us - play and playing, dream and dreaming, poetic being - all become the places where comprehending, listening (to both the speech and the silence) and responding materialize. Playing, dreaming, poetic being - each offers our daily reality the beauty of transcending its borders without destroying them; in fact, they become a free spirited, passionate interest that enhances and makes valuable the ordinariness and finiteness of our daily lives. Freedom and Responsibility; I and the Other Person; Illness and Hope - each having its physical aspect and each being considered through the dimensions of seriousness and unseriousness, reason and unreason - will be rethought through playing, dreaming and poetic being, providing new insights of an engaged, passionate practice of philosophy and medicine. The third part, concerned with application on the two areas - I, the Child, and the Parenthood; and the Therapist and...
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Unamuno's religion (in reference to the Tragic sense of life and Saint Manuel Good, martyr)
Kotuľáková, Lívia ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (advisor) ; Kazmar, Vít (referee)
(in English): Religion has an important role in the work of Miguel de Unamuno. This bachelor thesis deals with Unamuno's understanding of religion, mainly in works The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations and in Saint Emmanuel the Good, Martyr. In thesis is present description of theoretical conception of Unamuno's religion, which is based on terms as inmortality of human soul, struggle between reason and faith and faith creating God as it's object. In my work is also mentioned a conception of religion in Unamuno's narrative work, Saint Emmanuel the Good, which is compared to theoretical ideas contained in The Tragic Sense of Life. The religion is pointed up as a connecting element between Unamuno's theoretical (or essayist) work and his narrative work. Emphasis is placed also on an importance of author's personal experience with religion. In thesis is also included a brief description of thinking of few philosophers and thinkers, which influenced on Unamuno or they had similar religious opinions as he did. In thesis is pointed up either parallelism or difference between opinions of Unamuno and these thinkers. There is a little space dedicated to The First Vatican Council, which introduced into catholic doctrine several important doctrines, which were critized by Unamuno.
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Comparison of Augustin and Thomas Aquinas philosophy and ethics
Havránek, Zdeněk ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
This Thesis deals with the philosophy and ethics of St.Thomas Aquinas and of St. Augustine. At first I characterize the time period then I am focusing on each cathegory concerning moral life of human being in the world such as God, soul, will, goodness, evil and happiness as well. My goal is to show the real purpose of human existence and to show how both philosophers understand individual topics, what is the same and different in their opinion.
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Antonio Fogazzaro's Little World of the Past
Jarošková, Karolína ; Flemrová, Alice (advisor) ; Pelán, Jiří (referee)
Antonio Fogazzaro's best-known novel The Little World of the Past, which was published in 1895 and deals with the love story which takes place in the vicinity of lake Lugano in northern Italy on the background of Italian unification called Risorgimento and evolves themes of belief and of conflict of different views of life. The novel is put into the European cultural and intellectual context, in which The Decadent movement was the main stream of this period. It is concentrated on the Italian history and literary movements as well. Furthermore there is the introduction of the author - Antonio Fogazzaro, which is focused mainly on his life and works. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to the novel itself and to its analysis like plot, the characters of the protagonists and the main themes, such as the occultism, the Catholicism, the conflict between belief and reason, and the conflict between progress and tradition. In conclusion there is the summary of the observations of the analysis and estimation of the contribution of the novel to Italian society.
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On Relation between Plato's Republic and Laws
Sulík, Pavel ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this essay is to investigate the relation between Plato's dialogues the Republic and the Laws because of apparent differences of ideal cities, which are depicted in them in speech. The city of the Republic is designed to be ruled by sovereign ruler or group of them. On the other side, the city of the Laws is degined to be ruled by the rule of law, which must be supreme. Fist intention of this essay is, after short overview of both cities, to examine so called biographic interpretation which tries to explain the diffencies of both dialogues by Plato's life experiences. The second interpretation to examine holds that the city of the Republic is just theoretical sketch which is not realizable and the city of the Laws is its humanly possible realization. The rest of this essay tries to use previous results and develop some more specific grasps of possible relations of both cities especially by reading several important and influential passages. Finally the advantages and disadvantages of all interpretations are considered and the most apparent solution is suggested. That is, both dialogues are in mutual harmony concerning the main philosophical positions, i.e. conception of virtue, soul, human nature and reason. The difference of these dialogues is caused by their different perspectives on the same...
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