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Spatial choices of animals based on abstract visual stimuli: Configuration or shape?
Nekovářová, Tereza ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Spatial cognition as a model for study of learning, memory and problem solving has a long history in neurosciences. This cognitive ability is used for several reasons. Firstly, the ability to form the inner representation of a space, to orient in an environment, to perceive positions of prominent objects and of other animals is essential for all mammals and birds. Thus it is natural for animals to perform such behavior even in experimental conditions. Secondly, it is possible to compare spatial cognition of different species in similar tasks. And thirdly, there are strong indices of the possible neuroanatomical substrate and mechanism underlying spatial cognition. There are different strategies of navigation in an environment, which could be distinguished by different criterions. They differ in the frames of reference in which the observer operates, i.e. whether the co-ordinates are centered in a subject (egocentric orientation) or whether the co-ordinates encode only the relations between objects and dominants in the environment and they are not dependent on observer (geocentric orientation). The navigational strategies also differ by the type of cues that are used for navigation. In allothetic orientation the subject employs external landmarks, which may be not only visual stimuli, but also the stimuli of...
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Characterization of 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin - secondary metabolite from Streptomyces durmitorensis
Koukalová, Alena ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Konopásek, Ivo (referee)
Streptomycetes are soil filamentous Gram-positive bacteria that produce wide variety of pigments and biologically active substances including macrolides. Some of them are used as very efficient antibiotics and strong antifungal agents in medicine, others have became useful tools for staining biomembranes and detecting cholesterol via their internal fluorescence. Actinomycete Streptomyces durmitorensis (wild type strain MS405T ) is a bacteria isolated from Durmitor National Park in Montenegro soil samples. It produces secondary metabolite that has been identified as 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR) closely related to the macrolides roflamycoin and generaly used filipin. DDHR exhibits cytototoxic activity against mammalian cells and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EGY48. In addition it has interesting fluorescence properties allowing visualization of some membrane components. DDHR interacts with biomembranes, causes their disintegration leading to changes of the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton organization and in higher concentrations it causes cells necrosis. DDHR-sterol interaction in cell membranes decreases fluorescence intensity of DDHR. The compound is able to fluorescently stain aberrant lysosomes and could be therefore potentially used in diagnostics of some lysosomal storage disease.
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Manually Coded English
Tichá, Blanka ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Nováková, Radka (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is description of manually coded American English, specifically of systems Seeing Essential English (SEE 1), Signing Exaxt English (SEE 2), Linguistics of Visual English (L. O. V. E.), Signed English (SE) and Pidgin Signed English (PSE). The thesis focuses on the circumstances of their creation, brief history and their structure. Furthermore the thesis compares systems with each other, with American sign language and with signed Czech.
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Zirconia-based and Chiral Stationary Phases in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Kučera, Radim ; Sochor, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blešová, Marie (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (referee)
Disertační práce Summary High performance liquid chromatography achieved during its existence enormous boom. Modern, PC controlled and user-friendly chromatographic devices allow performing a number of tens analyses on one apparatus daily. There is possible to analyse wide spectrum of compounds from non-polar to polar and from low molecular to high molecular analytes. Appropriate choice of chromatographic column, mobile phase and detection technique makes the analysis of complicated mixtures possible and allow obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information. HPLC is due to these characteristics utilized not only in the field of pharmacy but also in other areas e.g. biology, medicine, industry, environment monitoring and quality control of various products. Separation column is the most important part of the chromatographic system. The availability of stable, high performance chromatographic phases is the essential requirement for the development of a rugged and reproducible method. Nowadays, most HPLC separations have been done in the reversed-phase mode on the silica-based columns. This phenomenon is due to many positive properties of silica - mechanical strength, well mastered manufacture of silica particles, easy modification of silica surface, compatibility with water rich mobile phases etc. The...
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Impact of culture elements on the marketing. Specifics of New Zealand culture.
Kadlec, Michal ; Koudelka, Jan (advisor) ; Zamazalová, Marcela (referee)
This Diploma paper deals with topic of cultural impact on the Marketing. Connections and significance of cultural elements are explored in marketing perspective. The methodical section of this paper is focused on the Culture of New Zealand, when its specific traits are described and main cultural elements related to the marketing are analyzed. In the first part of the paper it discusses the culture in general terms as well-dynamic process and takes up with the main elements of culture. Extraordinary attention is paid to the specific symbolic perception of colours in various cultures as the most important visual factor, which is also connected with the marketing. Theoretical section of this paper is closed up by analysis of the Model cultural dimensions, which was invented by Dutch anthropologist Geert Hofstede. This model provides measurable data about main cultural traits and differences in certain cultures over the World. The Analysis of Hofstede`s model also includes relation to the various religions. The second part of the paper deals with the process of significant culture elements application on the marketing field. Primarily attention goes to the marketing mix and its tools -- product, price, place and promotion. This section defines and explains main aspects and perspectives of multicultural marketing, which are necessary to respect. The final methodical part of this paper focuses on the Culture of New Zealand and its fundamental elements related to the marketing as well. It provides overview of the main culture traits, which are essential to be adapted to launch New Zealand market successfully. Research of the visual symbol perception in Czech and New Zealand culture completes this topic. This was done through questionnaire using cultural based print advertisements. In conclusion it presents summary of the main goals found in this diploma paper.
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A Director´s Subtle Control
Pimentel, Carla Carolina ; JANEČEK, Vít (advisor) ; DOMINKOVÁ, Petra (referee)
During my directing mentorship I have come to understand how to work in collaboration with most of the different facets of filmmaking that contribute to making successful films. With practical analysis of major films and filmmakers of our history and with the instillment of visual theory, it is clear that filmmaking is never as easy as it looks. My aim is to enlighten some techniques used by the old and new in different variations. My take is directed specifically on how to work with actors. Through exercises, situations, techniques and practical examples, I attempt, with this study, to help developing directors understand the individual variations of working with actors and non-actors. The path of a director is one of countless obstacles, but with intuition and a developed technique the director can be prepared for the unexpected.
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Making Transgenic \kur{C. elegans} with Polycistronic mCherry Vector
FARKA, Dominik
Creation of transgenic animals has become a popular method to analyse gene function. In the nematode Ceanorhabditis elegans transformation is widely used and can be achieved by microinjection. For functional analyses, transgene constructs typically contain a promoter driving the expression of the protein of interest that is fused to a fluorescent protein. However, as this fusion of proteins can lead to misfolding of the protein of interest and may not reflect proper function, a modification of the expression vector has been developed; introducing a short sequence of non-coding DNA in-between the sequences of the two proteins and making the construct compatible with a polycistronic operon system. In this study, four different polycistronic constructs were introduced into C. elegans by means of microinjection in order to provide new tools for the analyses of gene function. Tissue specific promoters wrt-2 (seam cells), grl-21 (hyp7), and egl-17 (vulval precursor cells) were used to over-express either NHR-25 or SMO-1 in the corresponding tissues and the expression was visualized by independently translated mCherry red fluorescent. 10 independent transformed C. elegans strains were established and corresponding tissue-specific promoter activities were confirmed. Furthermore, in some cases, ectopic behaviour was observed e.g. ectopic mCherry expression in different tissues or specific cell differentiation defects that was most likely caused by the overexpression of NHR-25 or SMO-1. This study was the first case in our laboratory to generate transformed C. elegans utilizing the polycistronic mCherry vector system. New genetic tools were introduced in the laboratory useful for further analyses of gene function.
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Me - A Portrait
Kubová, Andrea ; Fulková, Marie (advisor) ; Šamšula, Pavel (referee)
I - Vision, Icon (representation). The transformation of identity in relation to visual culture. Analysis of an influence of the contemporary media production to a subject, an individual. Graduation Thesis is formed in two parts: theoretical and practical. These parts are not presented separate, because in practical part I tried to suggest and validate experimentally my own pedagogical project in conjunction with the theoretical part and it's content, where in the text those two parts support themselves.
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Activity of V1 neurons after presentation of novel class of stimuli: comparision with experimental data
Machálek, Jiří ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Brom, Cyril (advisor)
Neurons in visual cortex areas V1 and V2 are selective to the shape of stimulus. Almost all present theories and models assume that variability to the shape of stimuli to which the neurons are selective is very low - preferred shapes are typically only bars and edges. However recent study (Hegdé and Van Essen) showed that is not true { single neurons prefer wide range of shapes. This work replicates the study in current computational models of cortical areas V1 and V2 (for example LISSOM) and compares results with experimental data. It shows that examined models develope neurons preferring these complex shapes rarely or just for a part of stimuli set.
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