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Analysis of Occurrence of Imported Infectious Diseases in the Region of South Bohemia over the Last Five Years
MYSLÍK, Ladislav
Imported diseases are infections that have been acquired during a travel or a stay abroad. Such infectious diseases may include cosmopolitan and potential re-introduction illnesses and tropical and re-emerging illnesses. The movement of populations affects the distribution and spread of communicable diseases globally. Today?s mobility and unnatural interaction of different races or otherwise geographically defined populations facilitate the emergence of contagious diseases in humans, animals or, even in plants. Some pathogens can be imported into a new area by travellers or immigrants in the absence of illness signs or symptoms. Many geographical barriers have now been breached by mobility and migration. The theoretical section of this thesis is mainly aimed to provide a description of the most common imported diseases according to their current epidemiological trends. Travel-related risks, risk groups of travellers and migration characteristics are also mentioned. In addition, it deals with domestic and international inbound and outbound tourism and includes a forecast of international tourism development towards 2030. The conclusion of the theoretical section aims to describe epidemiology of imported diseases and to provide an insight into systems of monitoring and surveillance of travel-related infections, such as GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, EuroTravNet, TropNet and the Czech Nationwide Epidat information system. The objective of this diploma thesis of the empirical section is to carry out an analysis of occurrence of imported infectious diseases in the Region of South Bohemia over the last five years. Data and information recorded into Epidat database from 2007 to 2011 shapes the target group. Methods of research are mainly based on descriptive statistics that describe most of collected data quantitatively. Moreover, seven hypotheses were designed that were tested via results using regression analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test and Student's t-test. A total of 190 cases from 46 world-wide destinations were imported between 2007 and 2011. Of those, 166 were imported by residents; 24 cases were brought in by foreigners. The most frequent countries of acquisition were European destinations (49%; n = 92), Asia (33%; n = 63) and Africa (16%; n = 31). Gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases accounted for 68.4% of illnesses, followed by blood-borne and vector-borne infections. GI conditions included campylobacteriosis (n = 38), salmonellosis (n = 33) and shigellosis (n = 30). Amongst blood-borne diseases, hepatitis B accounted for 21 cases (mainly in Vietnamese). Amongst vector-borne illnesses, 6 cases of malaria and 1 case of dengue were identified. Hypothesis H1 (further described only as H2, etcetera) "There is an association between numbers of travellers and occurrence of imported infectious diseases" was rejected. H2 "There is a different incidence rate among countries of acquisition" could not be confirmed because of the lack of the denominator data (numbers of travellers to specific destinations). H3 "The most frequent countries of acquisition are European countries" was confirmed and accepted. H4 "The highest rate of imported infectious diseases is in the České Budějovice District" was confirmed and accepted. H5 "The most frequent imported infections are gastro-intestinal diseases" was confirmed and accepted. H6 "There is a descending tendency of occurrence of imported infectious diseases" was rejected. H7 "There is a higher likelihood of presenting with a vaccination preventable disease in unvaccinated returned travellers" could not be confirmed due to the lack of data.
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The Role of a Nurse - a Lactation Consultant - in an Education of a Breastfeeding Woman
Vodičková, Jana ; Nováková, Lenka (advisor) ; Jurásková, Dana (referee)
This thesis is focused on education of nursing mothers by a nurse - a lactation consultant. In the introduction of this thesis I am engaging in history of lactation counseling and activities related to support and protection of breastfeeding. I am also mentioning basic procedures in consultancy. Further, the education of a nursing mother in common as well as special or problematic situations are in detail described in the theoretical part. In the empirical part of the thesis I successively defined seven hypotheses related to the lactation consultancy. For their confirmation I designed and completed an extensive research among health care professionals. Three different non-standardised questionnaires were used as the main method for the processing of the empirical part of the diploma thesis. The research was done among lactation consultants across a whole country, among health care professionals at the Gynecology and Obstetrics department of General Teaching Hospital in Prague and District hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. The research took place from 1.12.2005 to 20.2.2006 including a pilot study and the sample was made from 323 respondents. Having processed results I confirmed 5 of these hypotheses and two of them were refuted. Five hypotheses were confirmed to be true by the research: Hypothesis no 1 - a...
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European dimension in edcuation as an instrument of european citizenship development
Křečková, Simona ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Kuchař, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to examine the formation, evolution, content and especially the purpose of the European dimension in education with an emphasis on the European citizenship development. The theoretical part of the paper focuses on the transformation in understanding of the concept of citizenship during the second half of the 20th century and on the development and formal establishment of the European citizenship. The key part of the paper focuses on the legislative process of integrating the European dimension into the strategic documents on the European level and introduces the main theoretical approaches to this process. The paper analyzes the aspects of the European dimension which helps to develop relevant competences related to the European citizenship. It also examines the integration of the European dimension into the Czech national curriculum. The empirical part of the paper is dedicated to an analysis of the 14 years old students' actual civic knowledge, attitudes and activities that reveals the extent of their civic competences related to the European citizenship and the role of the school they attend.
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Nursing care for patient with polytrauma
SKLÁŘOVÁ, Lucie
Multiple traumas mean a present injury of at least two body systems. The patient with the multiple traumas is, because of the threatening failure of one or more organs, alternatively systems, placed on the intensive care unit. The nursing of the patient is therefore systematic, continual and its part is the monitoring of the conditions and saturation of basic needs. The nursing care on the intensive care unit is dependent on their health conditions and it permanently changes. A nurse usually takes over the whole care of the patient and they are dependent on her. Therefore the nurse must know all the patient´s needs and provide them regard to their self-sufficiency. Self-sufficiency is the level of independence during the daily routine. To its evaluation we use Barthel test of basic daily activities. In literature the word self-care is used as an identical term. The empiric part of the bachelor thesis is focused on self-sufficiency, self-care of a patient and activation of the nurses. The goal of the research is to find out the difference in the amount of care for a patient with multiple traumas on the Intensive care unit and a standard ward in connection with the level of self-care. To fulfil the goals three research questions were set. The research questions are: How do the nurses judge the self-sufficiency of a patient with multiple traumas on the intensive care unit and a standard ward? How do they provide the nursing care at a patient with multiple traumas in a standard ward? How do they provide the nursing care at a patient with multiple traumas on the intensive care unit? The qualitative research with the help of semi-structured interview was used to answer the questions and fulfil the goals. The research was taken on the traumatologic intensive care unit and in the standard ward. 5 respondents and one patient were from the intensive care unit and other 5 respondents and two patients were from the standard ward. The answers for the first research question were identical at all respondents. The evaluation of the patient´s self-sufficiency is according to Barthel test. The answers of most respondents point at the fact that the test in not practical and suitable. The results of the second and third research question can be comprehended in one conclusion. Regarding the fact, that the nurses from the intensive care unit and the standard ward made comments in the same way. The nursing care is always provided regarding the self-sufficiency of a patient. They support a patient mentally to make him more self-independent. They use different accessible tools for practice. With the help of the research questions we reached the goals. We found out that the difference in the extent of provided care is in the amount of activities which are done by nurses for the patient on the intensive care unit and in the standard ward. The nurses provide a patient with more activities logically on the intensive care unit. It is due to the conditions of a patient which are acute at the beginning. Even though, the nurses try to activate a patient as much as possible. By contrast, the nurses in a standard ward have the chance to increase patient´s self-sufficiency in more activities. They endeavour patients to be self-sufficient in hygiene, catering, walking and excretion. In these activities patients should be helped by physiotherapists. As it is agreed by the nurses from the intensive care unit as well as the nurses from the standard ward, this approach does not really work and so the only ones who activate a patient are the nurses and hospital attendants. The work should serve the nurses to clarify the importance of multiple traumas and deepen their knowledge of discussed problems.
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Corporate social responsibility of food retail chains in the Czech Republic
Kopalová, Markéta ; Zadražilová, Dana (advisor) ; Mokrejšová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to depict specifics of Corporate social responsibility in food retailing in European perspective. The empirical part provides an analysis of CSR strategies of eight major food retail chains in the Czech Republic. Responsible actions are summarized according to the level of CSR to: minimize risks, enhance business and generate innovations. Survey was conducted in order to obtain consumers' perceptions towards CSR actions in food retailing and image of analyzed retailers.
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Nursing care obout women with ar assistant reproduction
HEDBÁVNÁ, Kateřina
Conception may seem to be the most trivial thing but in fact it is not true. Nowadays, about 15% couples are infertile. Human infertility is considered to be an illness according to the World Health Organisation. Current modern procedures in assisted reproduction have fundamentally changed attitudes to human infertility. Assisted reproduction is one of the most progressive and also the most popularized branches of medicine. Only women are involved in it and regardless of whether they are healthy or not they undergo physically demanding procedures and make use of all techniques available. Nursing care is essential for a woman after assisted reproduction. While taking care of such a woman, a midwife should be attentive to her needs and possible health problems. The care for women who have undergone assisted reproduction is individual and specific. The first issue I deal with in the theoretical part of my thesis is infertility. I also describe methods and techniques of assisted reproduction and I mention the ova and sperm donation, the reimbursement of assisted reproduction, the law No 227/2006 on the research of human embryos. Nursing care for a woman who has undergone assisted reproduction is covered in this part as well. The aim of the thesis was to find out if women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with nursing care in the hospital in České Budějovice, Inc. and in the hospital in Třebíč, allowance organization. The hypothesis that women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with the care was stated. The empirical part of the thesis was carried out by the quantitative research questionnaires were handed out to pregnant women who had undergone assisted reproduction and were hospitalized at risk pregnancy units in hospitals in České Budějovice, Inc. and Třebíč, allowance organization. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 31 questions {--} both open and closed. The research showed that women who have undergone assisted reproduction were satisfied with nursing care. I suppose the hypothesis was confirmed. I would like this thesis to provide future midwives and infertile couples, who decided to undergo assisted reproduction, with information on this technique.
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Poor age - Growing over-indebtedness of persons in advanced age
Jandová, Pavlína ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Plaček, Michal (referee)
Western countries are facing an increasing poverty among seniors related to the demographic revolution and lengthening of life span. The so-called over-indebtedness is one of the "modern" causes and also consequences of poverty. This thesis discusses the relationship between over-indebtedness and poverty with emphasis on senior population (65+). An empiric analysis is employed to explore causes and consequences of over-indebtedness. The increasing over-indebtedness is already being targeted by public policies, however their effectiveness is low. Sufficient material and personal resources are lacking as well as not being optimally utilized. There is only limited cooperation between civil and public-law sectors. Communication with the private sector in a way of common goal setting is also deficient. In a fierce market-driven economy, elderly people become a weak link and find themselves in situations conflicting with morals, human and civil rights, and adequate quality of life in a modern society. This state of affairs threatens social integrity and demands a solution. Three participating groups were surveyed: the elderly, the employees of advisory centers and the non- bank financial institutions. Various approaches to solving the problem are discussed. The result of the analysis consists of a wide...
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Diagnosis of communication disability for people with Parkinson's disease
Růžičková, Hana ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Hájková, Vanda (referee) ; Dlouhá, Olga (referee)
TITLE: Diagnosis of communication disability for people with Parkinson s disease AUTHOR: Hana R i ková Mgr. DEPARTMENT: Special education department SUPERVISOR: Ji ina Klenková, Doc. PaedDr., PhD. ABSTRACT: The doctoral thesis deals with diagnosing communication disability for people with Parkinson s disease (PD). PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with high occurrence of hypokinetic dysarthria (HD). The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes Parkinson s disease, weak and strong points of logopaedic diagnostics and describes HD. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research. The aims of our study were to modify test Dysarthric profile 3F to be more sensitive to mild stage of HD, to detect HD symptoms in early untreated PD patiens, to notice HD progression in retest, to objectify results of clinical evaluation by acoustic measurments and to detect subjective perception of patient s own speech. We studied people with PD and neurologically healthy control speakers. We evaluated HD in 50% PD subjects in early untreated stage of PD and in 74% PD speakers in retest. We observe that between the most sensitive diagnostical tasks in clinical evaluation with high correlation with acoustic analysis belong evaluation of hoarse voice in sustained phonation of vowels and...
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Employees satisfaction
Mikulíková, Lucie ; Svianteková, Gabriela (referee) ; Rymeš, Milan (advisor)
The thesis summarizes current findings in the field of research of employee satisfaction and analyzes employee satisfaction by the example of the situation in the company 'X'. The theoretical part discusses different conceptions of employee satisfaction and their characteristics. It introduces significant theoretical approaches to employee satisfaction (amongst others, one-factor and two-factor theories). Furthermore, it focuses on factors of employee satisfaction (e.g. age, gender, working position, job security, managerial style and others). It also analyzes how employee satisfaction or dissatisfaction influences fluctuation, absenteeism and performance on the job. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the methods used to examine employee satisfaction and familiarizes the reader with several concrete questionnaires. The main emphasis of this thesis is on the empirical part that presents fieldwork surveys of employee satisfaction under the specific conditions in the French setting. It employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods (author's questionnaire; semi-structured interviews) by which we assessed the general employee satisfaction in the company 'X' and concluded stabilizing and destabilizing factors. We also put each of the individual factors and phenomena of employee...
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Formation of Global Civil Society: Reaction to Problems of Globalization
Novotná, Naďa ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Festa, David (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the possibilities of a global civil society to reduce the negative consequences of economic globalization. In the opening general part, special attention is given to problems caused by corporate strategies in production in developing countries. The current official mechanisms of corporate accountability are also discussed and considered as insufficient. Some new tendencies to promote the corporate social and environmental responsibility have emerged in recent decades. The agencies of a global civil society have been playing a very important role in these processes. The formation of a global civil society, its ambitions and risks are also studied in the general part of the thesis. The global civil society roles and possibilities of influencing the globalization processes are discussed also from the perspective of relevant theoretical concepts in the theoretical part. The empirical part of the thesis is based on a qualitative analysis of the campaign Business and Human Rights carried out by Czech global civil society organizations. The objective of this campaign is to prevent the corporations from human rights violation. Within the empirical research, the different spatial relations among the global civil society participants are studied, along with the evaluation of the...
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