|
Determination and diagnostics of beta-hemolytics streptococcus in clinical microbiology
VOŘÍŠKOVÁ, Martina
The genus of Streptococcus includes gram-positive catalase of negative coccus, which rank into pairs and chains and their colonies are also sometimes very small in enriched soils. Most of species are selectively anaerobic. This genus includes a large number of species with different significance for people ´s disorders, and also the species significant for veterinary medicine. Beta-hemolytic or pyogenic Streptococci important in human medicine include first of all streptococci of A and B group. Streptococcus pyogenes (A group) is the cause of either localised purulent infections, or invasive and toxic diseases, and also late consequences of these infections. The carrying of beta-hemolytic streptococci of B group (Streptococcus agalactiae) is significant especially in pregnant women because it can threaten the mother and the newborn as well. They are the most important causers of newborn meningitis and sepsis. The aim of the thesis is to find out information of determination and detection methods concerning beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is necessary to devote our attention to each streptococcus and determine its type by cultivation, eventually by further supplementary methods. The main role in diagnostics is played by classical cultivation in common (blood agar) or special enriched soils. Each microbiological laboratory chooses its own laboratory procedures. The use of cultivation for capture of beta-hemolytic streptococci and determination of their types by PYR test (for the proof of A group streptococci) and latex agglutination (for confirmation of other groups) seem to be the most convenient. CAMP-test is still the most frequently used method for the proof of group B streptococci. For exclusion of later consequences the assessment of anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) or antideoxyribonuclasis B (ADNB) in serum are often used. All beta-hemolytic streptococci must be regarded as important pathogens namely in whatever locality, that is why the knowledge of basic and special laboratory methods which lead to identification of particular types of these streptococci is very important for clinical microbiology and the treatment of patients.
|
|
The issue of diabetes treatment and prevention of birth defects.
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
This work summarizes observations of relationship between diabetes in pregnancy and increased risk of birth defects and possible preventive measurements to reduce this risk. Children of diabetic mothers have an increased risk especially for the development defects of central nervous system (three times higher), cardiovascular system (1,5-4,5times higher), urinary system (2,5-3times higher). Other organ systems with increased risk of birth defects are musculo-skeletal system, digestive system and ear. To minimalize this risk the effective measures have to be kept, especially maintain blood glucose standard and without peaks. To achieve this goal is necessary observe appropriate diet and by types of diabetes requiring medication use choosing suitable drugs for pregnant women. Each pregnant patient should periodically measure blood glucose levels and don't exceed threshold 90 mg/ml (5,0mmol/l) of fasting and premeal level and 150 mg/ml (8,4 mmol/l) after meal. Also important is awareness of patient. Other tools used for prevention infants birth defects of diabetic mothers are regular measurements of glycohemoglobin levels, preconception planning and screening performed in pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes, birth defects, pregnancy, prevention
|
|
The meaning of the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale for school-age children
Čechová, Vlasta ; Kučera, Miloš (referee) ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is focused on the meaning of the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale for children of the primary school age. The core motive of the fairy tale is the threat of being swallowed up which every child would face if his wish to get rid of one of his parents in order to gain the affection of the parent of the opposite gender was fulfilled. Oedipus Complex is thus at the root of the fairy tale about a cute, innocent girl who is swallowed up by a wolf (Bettelheim, p. 162) and who allowed the wolf to swallow up her grand-mother. Coping with the theme of being swallowed up (e.g. the Oedipal Conflict) throughout the school years, the child psychosexual development is the subject of our analysis. In the sample of children studied, the tendency to choose the Little Red Riding Hood as a fairy tale of special personal importance decreases in inverse proportion to the child's age. This means that the older the pupils are the less likely they are to choose the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale. The only exception was the second and sixth grade, where we can observe a significantly higher percentage of the pupils choosing the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale. We suppose that the high proportion of the pupils choosing the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale in the second grade resulted from sexual...
|
|
Design and construction of advanced LED lighting system for aquarium
Novák, Pavel ; Škoda, Jan (referee) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (advisor)
The first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of light and the basic quantities describing the light and its properties. These quantities are then used to describe the light sources, which is the thesis engaged in in the following section. The light sources are divided into thermal and luminescent. Then, there are described the basic parameters that are monitored when choosing the light source, such as luminous flux, color rendering index, correlated color temperature, mean lifetime, beam angle. Next, the thesis engages in solar radiation, spectrum of radiation, process and the color temperature of daylight and turns to the requirements for the aquarium lighting. According to the requirements for the aquarium lighting, the lighting design is done and it is sought an ideal solution for the aquarium lighting using LEDs. In conclusion of this thesis, there is designed an effective cooling for the LEDs in order to maintain their lifetime and luminous flux as long as possible. Then, it is designed and realized control of the LEDs by the pulse width modulation, prepared software for controlling the lighting depending on the daytime to meet the demands on the aquarium lighting while monitoring the process of the daylight and to look natural.
|
|
Spending of leisure time of children with autism spectrum disorder in Czech Budweis
HOŠTIČKOVÁ, Věra
Currently, there is a specialized centre (Auticentrum) in České Budějovice, where children with Autism spectrum disorder (further on only as "ASD") can spend their free time. Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder, spreading through every important area of a child's development. Shortcomings are obvious in three main areas social, communication and in the area of imagination. Deficits in any of those areas are projected into the everyday life of the child. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the characteristics of the Autism spectrum disorder, the second chapter explains the concept of free time in the relation to Autism and the third chapter is designated to selected non-profit organizations in České Budějovice. The goal of the practical part of this paper is to determine real possibilities of spending free time that children with ASD have in České Budějovice, to analyse and to find objective reasons which limit the children's choice of free time activities. A set of information was gathered with the use of method of qualitative research. The collection of data was executed by half-structured interviews within a selected experiment sample of respondents. Interviews were carried out with questions on topics prepared beforehand with selected respondents, who were mothers of children with the Autism spectrum disorder. The results of this paper contain a free transcription of interviews with respondents and key questions answering goals of this experiment are listed in synoptic tables. From results of interviews with mothers, it is apparent that the foremost obstacle for children with ASD is their differences in behaviour. When choosing a free-time activity for a child with ASD, their specific needs and individuality must be taken into account. These children have specific capabilities and abilities and, therefore, also an approach to them must be specific. During the research, certain benefits were discovered for children with ASD that the specialized centre (Auticentrum), which selected children visited, or have visited. Respondents see as the largest advantage the fact that their children with Autism found friends, with whom they can spend their free time even outside of controlled hobbitry activities. Respondents are aware of further possibilities of free time activities in the offer of schools which children attend, but except after-school daycare, their children participate in activities only in the specialized centre. This bachelor thesis only confirms the fact that possibilities how children with autism can spend their free time are not sufficient in number. It also points out that it is necessary, when choosing an activity, to follow individual approach, to respect specific needs and capabilities of the child in question. This thesis could serve parents of children with autism as an informative material about possible use of free-time education in Auticentrum in České Budějovice. Further, it could serve other organizations as an inspiration on the offer of free-time activities of children with autism.
|
|
Which School? Placing of the Child with Physical Disability in Basic Education
Rudolfová, Jitka ; Mouralová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Klimešová, Magdaléna (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the process of special education placement of child with physical disability in the Czech Republic. The thesis sees the process from perspective of parents and explores their role within. The goal of the thesis is to clarify factors which determine choice special education form - it means factors that influence whether a child will be educated in mainstream school or in special one. The thesis is based on the value of equity and on the right to education of every individual. Parents of disabled children are viewed as subjects of mutually interacting system. In the first part the thesis describes the legislation related to school placement of children with disability and submit statistic overview of special education. A comparative case study is the centre of the second part of the thesis. It compares four histories of decision making about suitable school for a child with physical disability. These histories were extracted from four interviews with their mothers. The thesis concludes that the parents of these children really are those who choose the special education form. But it agues that their choice of the form is more likely determined by coincidence of circumstances, rather than by clear factors.
|
|
Time management of women entrepreneurs
Ondráčková, Pavlína ; Lukeš, Martin (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This Master's Thesis deals with attitude of women entrepreneurs to manage their time in relation to the balance between work and personal life. The main goal is to determine how women manage to fulfill different roles (entrepreneur, mother, wife, friend, etc.) and what rules or procedures they use to align all of these roles in terms of time. The theoretical part characterize the role of women in today's society, describe the definition of work-life balance and time management. Methodological part defines the list of criteria according to which I choose a suitable entrepreneurs for my research and also describes research methods for evaluating the data. The practical part examines a sample of 21 entrepreneurs from various specialization and interprets the results. At the end of thesis there are recommendations about time management obtained from the research and from the practice of female respondents.
|
|
The most common nursing diagnoses and interventions in physiological newborn baby
LAPÁČKOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis is focused on the most frequent nursing diagnoses and interventions in physiological newborn. First aim was to map the most frequent nursing diagnoses at physiological newborn ward in hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. Two hypotheses were proposed. H1: The most frequent nursing diagnosis in physiological newborn is ineffective breast-feeding. H2: Nursing diagnoses in physiological newborn will differ in connection to the type of delivery. The second aim was to learn how the nurses and midwives decide on nursing diagnoses, aims and interventions. The research question posed for this aim was: How are nursing diagnoses, aims and nursing interventions decided in physiological newborns? A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was used in order to obtain quality data. Its collection was conducted through nursing documentation analysis and in-depth half-structured interviews. This research was conducted in March 2015 at Physiological newborn ward at hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. The interviews were analysed by open coding using pen and paper method. Individual codes were collected into subcategories and then categories.The first research group comprised of 5 paediatric nurses and 1 midwife working at the physiological newborn ward of České Budějovice hospital aged 26 to 46. The second research group consisted of 107 physiological infants born either naturally or by caesarean section. The answers of the respondents show their general knowledge about nursing diagnosis but also about some shortcomings in their de termination. Insufficient knowledge was found regarding stating aims and interventions due to the midwives and nurses trusting predefined nursing diagnoses, aims and interventions most often used at the ward and usually choose from them. Nursing diagnoses were also found the same for infants born to first-time mothers and multigravidas and the generally most frequent diagnosis is ineffective breast-feeding. Obtained results can serve as basis for simplification of working with nursing diagnoses and preventing making mistakes in the determination. Considering the insufficiencies in determination of nursing diagnoses, aims and interventions found in the nurses and midwives, we suggest they use this work as model basis. The research results also show that the most frequent nursing diagnosis is ineffective breast-feeding. A form for expecting mothers, that can simultaneously function as educational material was created as a response to the results. We hope this form will enable easier determination of nursing diagnoses and interventions.
|
|
The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level
Šebková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Title: The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare values of gained percentage of total body fat by descriptive method such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfolds measuring in comparison with "gold standard method" DEXA and to evaluate the usability of each method of body composition measuring by five groups of women, devided according to BMI level (in range 20-47 kg/m2 ). The purpose of this thesis is to find the most useful method especially for the overweight and obese women (BMI over 30 kg/m2 ) and to estimate the equation for the whole group. The other part of this thesis is the theoretical conclusion of the matters of body composition assessing and the importance of good knowledge about this topic for physiotherapists. Methods: The study was realizing from January of 2010 to March of 2011. There were 136 women, who were clients of Fitness center of VŠTJ Medicina Praha and jointed to the group voluntarely. The criteria of choosing the subjects into the study were: age 18 - 75 years, BMI 20 ≤ 45 kg/m2 , relatively healthy without accute disease. Women with cardiostimulator, pregnant women or nursing mothers were excluded. The monitored...
|
| |
guest ::
