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Mikhail Bulgakov on the crossroad of prose and theatre way: novel Belaya gvardia and play Dni Turbinykh
Zgoda, Yaroslavna ; Hlaváček, Antonín (advisor) ; Hříbková, Radka (referee)
Mikhail Bulgakov has won the most acknowledgeable position in the world literature of the twentieth century among the Russian writers. His recognition is marked by the steep rise of interest in his works. Nevertheless the difficulty arises in the interpretation and understanding of many diverse associations and signs, which were determined to draw the reader's attention and to calm the anger of the official censorship. His novel "The White Guard" and the play "The days of the Turbins" put a particular stress on the situation of the White movement in 1918 in Kiev. It is all shown through the difficult decisions and choices of the Turbin family, which try to save the old values. The whole revolutionary atmosphere reflects the uncertainties of the historical period. There are many allusions, which describe the burning issues of the time. The meeting of the three coloured forces - white, yellow-blue and red - led to the tragic ending on the crossroads of the historical maze. Bulgakov masterly described everything he witnessed in prose and then brought it to the stage. The process was long and his creativity was marked by the censorship intrusion, which underlines the importance of the topic.
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Physiotherapy of functional disorders resulting from the prolonged sitting at a computer- focusing on neck pain
RYBECKÁ, Pavla
The topic of this Bachelor thesis looks at the issue of ?Physiotherapy of functional movement disorder originating from sitting in front of a computer for long periods ? aimed at pain in the cervical spine?. Many people with long-term sitting jobs often complain about pain in the cervical spine. The theoretical part focuses especially on ergonomics while sitting and the proper poise or postures of sitting. The second part of the aforesaid theoretical part describes the cervical spine anatomy, as well as causes of the origin of pain in the cervical spine and its symptoms. Finally, the theoretical part introduces various possibilities for therapy dealing with functional movement disorder of the cervical spine. The aim of the thesis is to specify the functional disorder of the limbs movement system, appoint and implement an individual plan and assess the resulting effect of therapy. Qualitative research focused on data collection was used as the main method by using different practices, such as direct anamnesis, input and output medical examination, nursing observation, document analysis, project and execution of a physiotherapeutic schedule. The survey was carried out on 2 men and 1 woman who have jobs which require long-term sitting. Their working tasks require sitting in front of a computer for at least an 8-hour period a day. All three people submitting the given survey suffered from pain in the cervical spine. The kinesiological examination described faulty body poises and related findings on soft tissues of the given testing group. The main problem was also caused by a faulty poise while sitting in front of a computer. The objective of the aforesaid therapy concentrated on releasing the overload of stressed muscle groups and on their integration according to the optimal kinetic formula. Functional movement disorders of the spine are prevented by implementing ergonomics of sitting in front of a computer. The results of the given survey demonstrate that the cervical spine subsided. Furthermore, the practical part of the thesis reveals that the positive effect of the targeted physiotherapy dealing with functional disorder and changes of the stereotype of our postures and poises was considerable. The main problem causing pain was incorrect poise while sitting at the desk. The essential point of therapy was to release the overload of muscle groups and their integration into a new poise. The results of the given survey demonstrate that pain in the cervical spine has been alleviated. Based on the results introduced in the practical part, it may be stated that functional movement disorder can be positively influenced by targeted physiotherapy and changes made in the routine of body movements. The results specified in the submitted thesis shall be used in practice for the needs of other surveys to follow, during lessons or by companies furnishing their offices.
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Divination Practices of Christmas Ritual Cycle in the Czech Lands
Rovenská, Kateřina ; Janeček, Petr (advisor) ; Kozák, Jan (referee)
My work presents a typological index of divination practices performed during an interval between the beginning of Advent and Epiphany (Three Kings' Day). This list is made of folk practices known in the Czech lands since advent of Christianity until now. Particular types of divination practices are sorted by goals achieved by divination, not chronologically. Framework of this work is made by general interpretation of the divination itself as cultural practice with introduction to the context of Christian Christmas celebration and also to the problematics of koexistence of Slavic pre-Christian culture with Christian culture in early Middle Ages. Main data use in my work are ethnographic data drawn from books of Č. Zíbrt, J. I. Hanuš and other Czech ethnographers. Theoretical parts are based on works of scholars of religion, folklorists and anthropologists such as M. Eliade, K. J. Erben or K. Richter. KEY WORDS: divination, future, Advent, Christmas, New year, new year, pre-Christian culture, Christian culture, Czech lands
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English book titles in gerundial form
Blaheta, Radek ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The category of gerund is a symptomatic component of the grammatical system of present-day English. Numerous studies have dealt with its nature and functions as well as with its delimitation as opposed to related forms of present participle or verbal noun. No matter whether the term gerund is used or not and whether it is theoretically sustainable to differentiate between the related -ing forms, it is obvious that the -ing form that in many contexts clearly displays both nominal and verbal features plays a crucial role within both written and spoken discourse. Nonetheless, apart from the gerund operating within continuous texts, it is revealing to explore its behaviour and functions in the text-frame components, particularly the title, i.e. a text-frame component with a crucial role in the printed publication of a book type. In this context, it is necessary to present 3 basic starting points of the present study: 1. the notion of gerund as a grammatical category is retained in this study (see 2.1.3); 2. a new term - gerund title l - is introduced in order to capture the analyzed structures (see the detailed characterization in 2.3); 3. the analysis is largely based on the functional approach.
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History, analysis and list of manuscripts and old prints of the parish and dean library in Velké Meziříčí
MRŇA, Jaroslav
Parish libraries in the Czech and Moravian church province keep the indelible legacy of the lower clergy book culture. Despite their important mission these libraries still escape the interests of researches, ecclesiastical administrators and even the general public. Presented rigorous thesis Bibliotheca parochiae Magnomesericensi. History, analysis and list of manuscripts and old prints of the parish and dean library in Velké Meziříčí is therefore a contribution to this issue. The autor's goal was to arrange a part of the book collection and to present one of the forgotten durch libraries in Morava to the reader. The introduction presents shortly individual parts of the work with the criticism of used sources and literature, then four chapters succeed and the conclusion that evaluates the defined targets. The first chapter tells the historical story of the parish of Velké Meziříčí from the beginnings to the present days in the context of history of the same domain. The second chapter deals briefly with the history of church libraries in Morava focusing on the parish libraries. The history of book culture in the parish and history of the parish and dean library itself are the topics of the third chapter. In the last fourth chapter the list of manuscripts and old prints is analysed in terms of language, time, place, topic, edition and provenance. The final conclusion is followed by the list of used abbreviations, the list of used sources and literature and the supplements that include not only tables, graphs and photographs but also an extensive list of manuscripts and old prints with the commentary itself.
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The attitudes of today's young women to abortion
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Tereza
Nowadays, the issue of abortion poses an ethical problem and the society is divided into two camps whose opinions vary considerably. On the one hand there are those who support the right to abortion, and on the other hand there are antiabortionists who believe that already at the moment of conception, a human individual who has the right to life is starting to form, and they consider abortion murder. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first one being a theoretical part organized into chapters that cover the definitions of basic terms, the differentiation between various types of abortion, abortion methods, abortion risks, mental problems related to abortion, possible reasons for abortion, ways of dealing with an unwanted pregnancy, start of a human life, legislation, right to life, the way different religions approach the issue of abortion, abortions in the world, the history of abortions in the Czech Republic up to the present time, and the divergence of opinions on abortion based on movements which support abortion or fight against it. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to ascertain what attitude young women have to abortion. The aim served as the basis of the following research question: What attitude do present-day young women have to abortion? The second aim was to ascertain the most frequent reasons for abortion. The aim served as the basis of the following research question: What are the most frequent reasons for abortion? A qualitative research method by means of semi-structured interviews was used. The data were collected in the period from November 2013 to April 2014. The research group comprised 15 respondents who were divided into three groups based on their experience with abortion. Group A consisted of young women with no experience with abortion. Group B consisted of young women with personal experience with abortion, and group C consisted of women who had experience with abortion, abortion committee and what impact the procedure had on their lives. The data were taken down by means of audio recording or in written form, and the results were subsequently transcribed. The data were then coded so that it would be easier to find the main semantic categories. Quotations of the respondents were used in the process of interpreting the data. The research questions were processed individually for every group and the results of every group were summarized at the end of the research. The research revealed that the attitude of young women to abortion is mostly positive. Nine of the respondents also believe that it is the right of every woman to decide whether to have an abortion or to bring her child into the world. Three of the respondents expressed the contrary opinion; one of them expressed a strictly negative stance, she would not allow abortion under any circumstances. Three other respondents hold a neutral attitude to the issue in general and they agree with the respondents who expressed a positive attitude, that every woman considering abortion should have the freedom of choice. The answers to the question about the most frequent reasons for abortion show that the most frequent reason is a health issue. This reason was given by nine of the respondents. Another reason given by 8 of the respondents was social issues, including financial difficulties and inability to provide for the family. The third most often mentioned reason was unpreparedness for pregnancy, including not being mature enough to be a parent. This reason was registered in 3 respondents. The research results show that it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue, so that all women are well informed and able to form their own attitude and opinion regarding this issue. This bachelor thesis could contribute to a better awareness among women interested in this topic, as well as a source of information for midwives and as a study material for students of midwifery.
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Effect of temeperature stress and water shortage on thousand grain weight of selected winter wheat varietes
Hlaváčová, Marcela ; Pohanková, Eva ; Klem, Karel ; Trnka, Miroslav
The aim of the presented study was to assess the effect of high temperatures and water shortage during anthesis on thousand grain weight (TGW) of two winter wheat varieties (Tobak and Pannonia). In addition, numbers of grains per spike were also assessed. The six growth chambers were used to simulate heat stress conditions within following gradient of temperature maxima: 26 degrees C (control chamber), 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41 degrees C. The relative humidity (RH) course and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity were controlled via protocols. Additionally, drought stressed (dry) and well-watered (wet) treatments were established within each growth chamber. The plants were removed from the growth chambers after 14 days and they were left until a full maturity, exposed to actual weather conditions. The TGW at 14% moisture were evaluated for particular treatments within both winter wheat varieties. TGW was generally more affected by high temperatures under drought stress than in well-watered conditions. The results revealed that Pannonia TGW was much more affected by the water deficiency in combination with high temperature (particularly 38 and 41 degrees C) than Tobak TGW.
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The role of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia
Chytilová, Anna ; Bezouška, Karel (advisor) ; Hloušková, Patricie (referee)
The aim of the present study was to find out whether adaption to chronic hypoxia affects the expresion of TNF-α and IL-10 in rat myocardium. TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine, which amplifies inflammatory reaction, while IL-10 has opposite antiinflammatory effect. We also measured concentration of nitrotyrosine as a marker of nitrosative stress. We used male Wistar rats divided into four groups: 1) normoxic controls; 2) exposed to continous normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for three days or 3) for three weeks and 4) exposed to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for three weeks with one hour daily reoxygenation. Cytosolic and membrane proteins (cytosolic and particulate fractions) were obtained from the left ventricle, right ventricle and interventricular septum. Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 in both fractions were measured by ELISA. Continous hypoxia increased TNF-α production in particulate fractions from all ventricular parts and decreased the ratio of IL-10/TNF-α in particulate and cytosolic fractions. Intermittent hypoxia redistributed TNF-α from cytosol into the particulate fraction and prevented the drop of IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the cytosolic fraction. The highest concentration of nitrotyrosine was found in the particulate fraction from the right ventricle after three days of hypoxia....
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Nodální regiony v Evropě vymezené na základě letecké dopravy
ROZKOŠNÝ, Filip
This master´s thesis deals with the delineating of nodal regions via civil aviation data in the territory of central European states. This kind of transport has become a very popular type of spatial mobility after its deregulation and liberalization particularly thanks to its speed, cheaper fares and relative safety. Thanks to this spatial mobility of inhabitants, it is possible to delineate borders of regions according to real movements. Supposing usage of aviation data to delineate nodal regions, the airports represent their nodes. The purpose of this master´s thesis was delineating nodal regions via civil transport data in an interesting territory of Central Europe. Its western and eastern part has undergone different historical and political development which has had consequences on the aviation development level. Research input data included number of flights between central European airports for the period of 1 day. The master´s thesis is structured into 5 chapters. The first parts are: introduction and goals, theoretical part and methodology. The analytical part evaluates the whole nodal-region-delineating process and also nodal regions final hierarchical structure. Each partial part of research was depicted into a map and was also expressed by population and area. There are answers on the input hypothesis in the final part of this paper.
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Effective Strategies of Forming Legal Consciousness of Upper-Secondary School Students
Urban, Michal ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The presented PhD. thesis deals with effective strategies of forming legal consciousness of upper-secondary school students, and with methods that can be used for developing it. So far, legal scholars have paid only insufficient attention to this topic, even though many law experts have repeatedly pointed out its importance. Moreover, they stress the fact that a more detailed understanding of legal consciousness of citizens and of ways of influencing it can help us better understand how law works within the society. The thesis opens with the theoretical part, which defines the concept of legal consciousness, describes its level captured by the available empirical research and identifies effective strategies, which possess the potential to cultivate legal consciousness of the youth. In the following practical part, the author seeks to verify effectiveness of these strategies by means of student questionnaires, interviews with teachers and observations of their lessons. The theoretical part firstly introduces legal consciousness as the basic concept of the whole thesis. The first chapter presents the understanding of legal consciousness as one of the key terms of every law because it connects the world of law in books with the world of law actually experienced by people on day to day basis. Legal...
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